Question 1

The firing of an electrical impulse that travels through the neuron's axon is called the:
A) action potential.
B) resting potential.
C) refractory period.
D) reuptake process.

Accepted Answer

The action potential is the process of an electrical impulse traveling through a neuron's axon, which is a critical step in the way neurons communicate and transmit signals throughout the nervous system.

Question 2

What is the correct order of neurotransmitter activity from one neuron to the next?
A) axon terminal, synapse, receptor site
B) axon terminal, receptor site, synapse
C) synapse, axon terminal, receptor site
D) receptor site, synapse, refractory period

Accepted Answer

The correct order of neurotransmitter activity from one neuron to the next is: neurotransmitters are released from the axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron, they then cross the synapse (the gap between neurons), and finally bind to receptor sites on the postsynaptic neuron.

Question 3

The tiny, saclike containers containing neurotransmitters are called:
A) receptor sites.
B) synaptic vesicles.
C) axon terminals.
D) dendrites.

Accepted Answer

Synaptic vesicles are small sacs within the axon terminals that store neurotransmitters, which are chemicals used by neurons to communicate with each other across synapses.

Question 4

The _____ connects and facilitates communication between the two cerebral hemispheres.
A) hypothalamus
B) hippocampus
C) frontal lobe
D) corpus callosum

Accepted Answer

The corpus callosum is a broad band of nerve fibers joining the two hemispheres of the brain, facilitating communication between them.

Question 5

Anita is experiencing difficulty falling asleep at night, and she is repeatedly waking up at 3 o'clock in the morning. The gland that is MOST likely affecting Anita's sleep cycle is the _____ gland.
A) glia
B) peripheral
C) pineal
D) thyroid

Accepted Answer

The pineal gland is responsible for producing melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep cycles. If Anita is having trouble falling asleep and waking up at odd hours, it's likely that her pineal gland's function is disrupted, affecting her melatonin levels and sleep patterns.

Question 6

Which statement about the autonomic nervous system is FALSE? The autonomic nervous system:
A) is part of the peripheral nervous system.
B) is separated into two divisions.
C) includes the brain and spinal cord.
D) controls involuntary movement.

Accepted Answer

The autonomic nervous system does not include the brain and spinal cord; those are parts of the central nervous system.

Question 7

Morphine is a drug that acts in the same way that the body's natural endorphins do. This suggests that morphine acts as an _____ for endorphin.
A) efferent
B) agonist
C) afferent
D) antagonist

Accepted Answer

Morphine acts as an agonist for endorphins because it mimics the action of these natural painkillers by binding to and activating the same receptors in the brain.

Question 8

When you flush a toilet, you must wait a period of time before the toilet can fully flush again. That waiting period is MOST similar to the _____ of a neuron.
A) action potential
B) resting potential
C) refractory period
D) reuptake process

Accepted Answer

The refractory period of a neuron is a time during which a neuron is unable to fire again immediately after an action potential, similar to how a toilet cannot flush again immediately after being flushed.

Question 9

_____ is best suited for assessing seizure-based disorders like epilepsy.
A) Computed tomography
B) Magnetic resonance imaging
C) Electroencephalography
D) Positron emission tomography

Accepted Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG) is the most suitable method for assessing seizure-based disorders like epilepsy because it directly measures electrical activity in the brain, which is crucial for diagnosing and understanding seizures.

Question 10

_____ send information to your brain from your senses.
A) Efferent neurons
B) Motor neurons
C) Afferent neurons
D) Glial cells

Accepted Answer

Afferent neurons are responsible for transmitting sensory signals to the brain from different parts of the body, allowing the brain to perceive and process sensory information.

Question 11

Sensory neurons are also called:
A) afferent neurons.
B) interneurons.
C) efferent neurons.
D) motor neurons.

Accepted Answer

Sensory neurons are also known as afferent neurons because they carry sensory information from sensory receptors towards the central nervous system.

Question 12

While fixing the electrical system in his house, Bruce accidentally shocked himself. This caused him to fall and hit his head. When he fell, Bruce sustained permanent damage to parts of his brain. Over time, other areas of Bruce's brain partially took over the function of the damaged areas. This is an example of the concept of:
A) split-brain function.
B) plasticity.
C) localization.
D) myelination.

Accepted Answer

The concept of plasticity refers to the brain's ability to change and adapt as a result of experience or injury, allowing other parts of the brain to compensate for damaged areas.

Question 13

The area of the brain responsible for understanding speech is:
A) Broca's area.
B) Wernicke's area.
C) the occipital lobe.
D) the parietal lobe.

Accepted Answer

Wernicke's area is responsible for the comprehension of speech, allowing individuals to understand spoken language.

Question 14

Which statement about the amygdala is FALSE? The amygdala:
A) converts short-term to long-term memories.
B) is involved in the experience and recognition of fear.
C) initiates the fight-or-flight response.
D) influences the strength of the startle reflex.

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is primarily involved in processing emotions, such as fear, and initiating the fight-or-flight response. It influences the strength of the startle reflex and is involved in the experience and recognition of fear. However, the conversion of short-term to long-term memories is more directly associated with the hippocampus, not the amygdala.

Question 15

If you were to reach out and turn off the light in your room, this would be controlled by the _____ nervous system.
A) somatic
B) autonomic
C) parasympathetic
D) sympathetic

Accepted Answer

The somatic nervous system is responsible for voluntary movements, such as turning off a light, which involves conscious control over skeletal muscles.

Question 16

Some antidepressant drugs act by blocking the reuptake of serotonin. The result of these drugs is:
A) a decrease in the amount of serotonin released.
B) an increase in the amount of serotonin in the synapse.
C) more serotonin available to act on glial cells.
D) less serotonin to act on neuron receptor sites.

Accepted Answer

Blocking the reuptake of serotonin increases its amount in the synapse, allowing more serotonin to bind to post-synaptic receptors, enhancing its neurotransmission effects.

Question 17

Which statement about the brain is TRUE?
A) The back and bottom control advanced functions.
B) The top and front control basic functions.
C) Specific parts of the brain are responsible for specific activities and behaviors.
D) Some parts of the brain can function entirely independently from the rest of the brain.

Accepted Answer

Specific parts of the brain are indeed responsible for specific activities and behaviors. This is a fundamental principle of brain organization, with different regions specialized for functions such as vision, hearing, speech, emotions, and complex thought processes.

Question 18

Amanti took a medication that slowed his breathing. The medication is MOST likely acting on his:
A) cortex.
B) cerebellum.
C) hippocampus.
D) medulla.

Accepted Answer

The medulla, part of the brainstem, directly controls autonomic functions such as breathing and heart rate. Medication affecting breathing would most likely act on the medulla.

Question 19

_____ are branches at the end of neurons that receive signals from other neurons.
A) Axon terminals
B) Synapses
C) Dendrites
D) Myelin sheaths

Accepted Answer

Dendrites are the structures on neurons that receive electrical messages. These messages are received from the axon terminals of other neurons through synapses.

Question 20

_____ is a strip of brain matter in the frontal lobe that is involved in voluntary movement.
A) The motor cortex
B) Wernicke's area
C) The somatosensory cortex
D) Broca's area

Accepted Answer

The motor cortex is located in the frontal lobe of the brain and is primarily responsible for controlling and executing voluntary movements.

Quiz 2: Brain and Behavior

The firing of an electrical impulse that travels through the neuron's axon is called the:

What is the correct order of neurotransmitter activity from one neuron to the next?

The tiny, saclike containers containing neurotransmitters are called:

The _____ connects and facilitates communication between the two cerebral hemispheres.

Anita is experiencing difficulty falling asleep at night, and she is repeatedly waking up at 3 o'clock in the morning. The gland that is MOST likely affecting Anita's sleep cycle is the _____ gland.

Which statement about the autonomic nervous system is FALSE? The autonomic nervous system:

Morphine is a drug that acts in the same way that the body's natural endorphins do. This suggests that morphine acts as an _____ for endorphin.

When you flush a toilet, you must wait a period of time before the toilet can fully flush again. That waiting period is MOST similar to the _____ of a neuron.

_____ is best suited for assessing seizure-based disorders like epilepsy.

_____ send information to your brain from your senses.

Sensory neurons are also called:

The area of the brain responsible for understanding speech is:

Which statement about the amygdala is FALSE? The amygdala:

If you were to reach out and turn off the light in your room, this would be controlled by the _____ nervous system.

Some antidepressant drugs act by blocking the reuptake of serotonin. The result of these drugs is:

Which statement about the brain is TRUE?

Amanti took a medication that slowed his breathing. The medication is MOST likely acting on his:

_____ are branches at the end of neurons that receive signals from other neurons.

_____ is a strip of brain matter in the frontal lobe that is involved in voluntary movement.