Question 1

Which of the following are considered to be representative of the psychoanalytic approach in understanding behavior?
A) Measurable and observable behaviors
B) Antecedents, behaviors and consequences
C) Inappropriate behavior is learned
D) Drives, impulses, needs and motives

Accepted Answer

The psychoanalytic approach focuses on the unconscious mind and the internal conflicts and drives that influence behavior. Therefore, choices that relate to internal processes, such as drives, impulses, needs, and motives, are representative of the psychoanalytic approach. Measurable and observable behaviors (A) are not a primary focus of this approach, and antecedents, behaviors and consequences (B) are more associated with behaviorism. Inappropriate behavior being learned (C) is also more emphasized in behaviorism rather than psychoanalytic theory.

Question 2

In operant conditioning, the event that occurs after a target behavior or response is known as which of the following?
A) Consequence
B) Antecedent
C) Behavior
D) Conditioned stimulus

Accepted Answer

The consequence is the event that occurs after the target behavior or response, and it can either reinforce or punish the behavior, leading to an increase or decrease in the likelihood of that behavior occurring again in the future. The antecedent is the event that occurs before the target behavior, and the behavior is the action or response itself. The conditioned stimulus is a neutral stimulus that becomes associated with a particular response through conditioning.

Question 3

A punisher is a consequence that decreases a rate of behavior.

Accepted Answer

A punisher is a consequence that decreases the likelihood or rate of a behavior.

Question 4

An operant is:
A) An event that precedes a target behavior.
B) An involuntary or reflexive behavior.
C) A behavior or response that is controlled or at least influenced by events in the environment.
D) An event in the environment that follows a behavior(s).

Accepted Answer

An operant is a behavior or response that is controlled or at least influenced by events in the environment, such as reinforcement or punishment. This is in contrast to a reflexive or involuntary behavior, which is controlled by physiological or neurological factors. Operant conditioning involves manipulating environmental events to increase or decrease the likelihood of a target behavior, which is an operant.

Question 5

The roots of operant conditioning can be traced to the work of:
A) Skinner.
B) Thorndyke.
C) Watson.
D) Pavlov.

Accepted Answer

Thorndyke is known for his work on the law of effect, which is foundational to operant conditioning. Skinner later expanded on these concepts.

Question 6

The scientist often referred to as the father of classical conditioning is:
A) Skinner.
B) Watson.
C) Thorndyke.
D) Pavlov.

Accepted Answer

The father of classical conditioning is Ivan Pavlov, who conducted experiments with dogs and discovered that they could be conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell through repeated pairings with food. Skinner and Watson are associated more with operant conditioning, while Thorndyke is known for his work on law of effect.

Question 7

Which of these are examples of behavior therapy techniques?
A) Reinforcement, punishment, and biofeedback
B) Systematic desensitization, biofeedback, and covert conditioning
C) Flooding, shaping, and punishment
D) Systematic desensitization, punishment and prompts/cues

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization and covert conditioning are both examples of behavior therapy techniques. Biofeedback can also be considered a behavior therapy technique, but reinforcement and punishment are more commonly associated with operant conditioning. Flooding and shaping are also behavior therapy techniques, but they were not included in the options. The inclusion of punishment in option D may be misleading, as punishment is discouraged in contemporary behavior therapy approaches.

Question 8

An "operant" is a response or behavior controlled or influenced by events in the environment.

Accepted Answer

This is the definition of an operant in the context of behaviorism and operant conditioning.

Question 9

Which of the following terms may be considered an extension or practical application of classical conditioning?
A) Psychoanalysis
B) Behavior Therapy
C) Applied Behavior Analysis
D) Shaping

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following terms may be...

Question 10

Which of these is NOT a component of behaviorism?
A) Observable and measurable behaviors
B) Covert psychological processes
C) Environmental antecedents and consequences
D) Behavioral objectives

Accepted Answer

Behaviorism focuses solely on observable and measurable behaviors and the environmental antecedents and consequences that influence them. Covert psychological processes, such as thoughts and emotions, are not considered important components of behaviorism. Behavioral objectives, which are specific and measurable goals for behavior change, are a key component of behaviorism.

Question 11

The term "behavior" refers to both covert and overt responses.

Accepted Answer

The term "behavior" includes both observable actions and internal mental processes such as thoughts and feelings, which are considered covert responses.

Question 12

A naturally stimulating or unlearned response in the environment is a(n):
A) Stimulus.
B) Unconditioned stimulus.
C) Unconditioned response.
D) Conditioned stimulus.

Accepted Answer

An unconditioned stimulus is something in the environment that naturally triggers a response without any learning needed.

Question 13

In operant conditioning, the consequence is identified as a(n)-------- if the preceding behavior increases or is maintained at a current rate, duration or intensity.
A) Reinforcer
B) Punisher
C) Stimulus
D) Environmental factor

Accepted Answer

In operant conditioning, a consequence is identified as a reinforcer if it increases or maintains the preceding behavior. This means that the behavior is more likely to be repeated in the future because it was followed by a desirable outcome or reward. A punisher, on the other hand, decreases the likelihood of the preceding behavior being repeated in the future. Therefore, the best answer is A) Reinforcer.

Question 14

Bandura's social learning theory is based on a process described as reciprocal determinism.

Accepted Answer

Bandura's social learning theory posits that behavior is influenced by the interaction between personal factors, environmental factors, and behavior itself, creating a dynamic process known as reciprocal determinism.

Question 15

Systematic desensitization is a strategy associated with Behavior Therapy.

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization is a commonly used technique in behavior therapy for decreasing phobic or anxiety-related reactions.

Question 16

Behavior modification is a single technique used to change behavior.

Accepted Answer

Behavior modification is not a single technique, but rather a collection of techniques and strategies used to change behavior. These techniques can include positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment, and extinction, among others.

Question 17

A consequence is identified as a reinforcer if the preceding behavior increases or is maintained at a current rate.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately describes the definition of a reinforcer. If the consequence (such as receiving a reward or praise) leads to an increase or maintenance of the behavior that came before it, it is considered a reinforcer.

Question 18

Skinner thought it was more important to explain behavior than
to describe it.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Skinner thought it was more important to...

Question 19

Respondent behaviors are usually under the control of the individual.

Accepted Answer

Respondent behaviors are typically automatic or reflexive responses to certain stimuli, not under the conscious control of the individual.

Question 20

An example of a conditioned stimulus is food.

Accepted Answer

A conditioned stimulus is something that originally does not elicit a strong or automatic response until it is associated with an unconditioned stimulus. Food is considered an unconditioned stimulus because it naturally and automatically triggers a response (like salivation) without prior conditioning.

Quiz 1: Basic Concepts of Behavior and Behavior Management

Which of the following are considered to be representative of the psychoanalytic approach in understanding behavior?

In operant conditioning, the event that occurs after a target behavior or response is known as which of the following?

A punisher is a consequence that decreases a rate of behavior.

An operant is:

The roots of operant conditioning can be traced to the work of:

The scientist often referred to as the father of classical conditioning is:

Which of these are examples of behavior therapy techniques?

An "operant" is a response or behavior controlled or influenced by events in the environment.

Which of the following terms may be considered an extension or practical application of classical conditioning?

Which of these is NOT a component of behaviorism?