Question 1

Trenton was playing in the sandbox. He was pouring sand from a short, fat container into a tall, skinny container. When he poured the sand into the tall, skinny container, it looked to him as if it had more sand in it. Trenton could not figure out where the extra sand came from, and how it got into his container. As Trenton continues to try to solve this puzzle, he will experience considerable movement between states of cognitive _____ and _____ to produce cognitive change and eventual understanding.

Accepted Answer

Equilibrium and disequilibrium are two states of cognitive development. Equilibrium is a state of balance and stability, while disequilibrium is a state of imbalance and instability. Cognitive change and eventual understanding occur when an individual moves between these two states.

Question 2

Benji starts calling his father "Dad," but he also calls all men that he sees "dad." According to Piaget, this error is due to:

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget, assimilation occurs when a child applies an existing schema to new objects or situations, such as calling all men "dad" because they fit into his existing schema for "dad."

Question 3

The sensorimotor stage of development lasts from birth until about:

Accepted Answer

The sensorimotor stage, according to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, lasts from birth until about two years of age. During this stage, infants learn about the world through their senses and actions.

Question 4

Jean Piaget believed that children:

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, children actively construct their own understanding and knowledge of the world through their experiences and interactions with their environment. This is known as the constructivist approach, which emphasizes the individual's active role in constructing their own understanding rather than passively receiving knowledge from the environment or others. Piaget believed that children's cognitive development occurs in stages, with each stage characterized by new and more complex ways of thinking and understanding the world.

Question 5

Piaget's concept of grouping isolated behaviors into a higher-order system is called:

Accepted Answer

Piaget's concept of organization refers to the process of grouping isolated behaviors and thoughts into a higher-order, more complex system.

Question 6

Regarding views of perceptual development in infants, the position that perception is direct and evolved over time to allow the detection of size and shape constancy, a three-dimensional world, and intermodal perception early in infancy is a _____ view.

Accepted Answer

The nativist view suggests that perceptual abilities are innate and have evolved to allow infants to perceive the world accurately from an early age.

Question 7

Piaget believed that children's thinking in one stage is _____ that in another stage.

Accepted Answer

Piaget believed that children's thinking is qualitatively different from one stage to another, meaning that the nature and structure of their thought processes change fundamentally as they progress through different stages of cognitive development.

Question 8

The experience of our world as a smooth, unitary episode is made possible by:

Accepted Answer

Intermodal perception refers to the ability to integrate information from multiple sensory modalities, allowing us to experience the world as a cohesive and unified whole.

Question 9

Sensitivity to taste:

Accepted Answer

Sensitivity to taste is present at birth, as newborns can distinguish between different tastes such as sweet, sour, and bitter.

Question 10

Baby Kendra, who is six days old, is presented with two breast pads. One comes from her mother, and the other has not been used. Which one will Kendra probably prefer?

Accepted Answer

Babies are able to recognize their mother's scent and are often comforted by it. Therefore, Baby Kendra will likely prefer her mother's breast pad.

Question 11

Regarding views of perception, those who emphasize learning and experience as the way to understand infant perceptual development are called _____, whereas those who emphasize innate or inborn abilities to guide perceptual development are called _____.

Accepted Answer

Empiricists emphasize learning and experience in perceptual development, while nativists focus on innate abilities.

Question 12

_____ perception involves integrating information from two or more sensory modalities.

Accepted Answer

Intermodal perception involves integrating information across different sensory modalities, such as combining visual and auditory cues to identify an object. Extramodal perception refers to perception that does not involve any specific sensory modality, such as sensing your own body position in space. Intramodal perception involves integrating information within a single sensory modality, such as distinguishing between different shades of color. Multimodal perception can refer to any situation where multiple sensory modalities are involved, but it does not specifically imply integration or interaction between them.

Question 13

The understanding that objects and events continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched is called:

Accepted Answer

Object permanence is the understanding that objects and events continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched. The other options do not accurately describe this concept.

Question 14

For cognitive change to occur, what two processes must work in concert as the child experiences considerable movement between the states of cognitive equilibrium and disequilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Assimilation and accommodation are the two processes identified by Piaget that work together to enable cognitive change, helping children move between equilibrium and disequilibrium.

Question 15

Two-year-old Anita has learned the word "dog" to identify the family pet Rover. Now Anita says the word "dog" when she sees any animal. Anita has _____ these animals into her existing scheme.

Accepted Answer

Anita has assimilated these animals into her existing scheme because she is using her existing knowledge of "dog" to label all animals, which is a characteristic of assimilation in cognitive development.

Question 16

Javier, a one-year-old, is cognitively frustrated because he wants to communicate with the people around him, usually by looking at or pointing to what he wants, but his attempts are not working. His frustration will likely motivate him to start using words as symbols for his desires, using _____ to move to the next stage in cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

Equilibration is the process by which children balance assimilation and accommodation to create stable understanding, helping them advance to the next stage of cognitive development.

Question 17

When infants watch an object while exploring it manually and discover information about the object's texture, size, and hardness, they are exhibiting:

Accepted Answer

Infants are demonstrating perceptual motor coupling, which involves integrating sensory information with motor actions to understand and interact with objects.

Question 18

In Piaget's theory, schemes are:

Accepted Answer

Schemes in Piaget's theory refer to actions or mental representations that organize knowledge, serving as the basic building blocks of cognitive development.

Question 19

Three-year-old Jesse used to call all moving vehicles "car." He now accurately categorizes moving vehicles into trucks, cars, motorcycles, and buses. Jesse has _____ to fit new information into his existing scheme.

Accepted Answer

Jesse has accommodated because he has adjusted his existing schema of "car" to include more specific categories like trucks, motorcycles, and buses, which is a process of accommodation.

Question 20

_____ occurs when children adjust their schemes to take new information and experiences into account.

Accepted Answer

Accommodation occurs when children adjust their schemes to take new information and experiences into account.

Quiz 3: Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy