Question 1

The use of fetal fMRI to studying hearing in infants has revealed that response to sounds occurs at:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The use of fetal fMRI to studying...

Question 2

The recovery of a habituated response after a change in stimulation is called:

Accepted Answer

Dishabituation is the recovery of a habituated response after a change in stimulation.

Question 3

Winnie is considering the use of anesthesia during the circumcision of her newborn son. She wants to know if newborns can feel pain. What would you tell her?

Accepted Answer

Recent research indicates that infants can feel pain. This is why anesthesia is often recommended during newborn circumcision procedures to minimize any potential discomfort or pain for the baby.

Question 4

Baby Max watches his mother jingle her keys in front of him. After several minutes, he looks away, no longer interested. This would indicate that he has habituated as he is showing a(n) _____ to a stimulus after repeated presentations of the stimulus.

Accepted Answer

Habituation is a psychological learning process wherein there is a decrease in response to a stimulus after being repeatedly exposed to it. In this case, Baby Max's decreased interest in the keys indicates decreased responsiveness.

Question 5

In the visual cliff experiment by Eleanor Gibson and Richard Walk, most 6- to 12-month-old babies encouraged to crawl onto the deep side of the visual cliff would:

Accepted Answer

Most 6- to 12-month-old babies would not crawl onto the deep side of the visual cliff, indicating that they perceive depth and have developed a fear of heights.

Question 6

According to your textbook, infants can discriminate among colors as early as:

Accepted Answer

Infants can begin to discriminate among colors as early as 4 to 8 weeks of age, as their visual systems start to develop.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about perception in infants is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements about perception...

Question 8

The "visual cliff" experiment was used to measure:

Accepted Answer

The "visual cliff" experiment was designed to measure depth perception in infants and young animals. The experiment consisted of a table with a clear glass surface that had a patterned bottom, creating the perception of a drop-off. The infants or animals were placed on one side of the table, and their willingness or hesitation to crawl over the "cliff" was observed. This experiment demonstrated that infants as young as 6-14 months have depth perception, and will not crawl over the visual cliff, suggesting they can perceive depth and recognize the danger of falling.

Question 9

Sarah shows her baby a colorful block several times. The baby looks carefully at the block at first, but then turns her attention to a different toy after seeing the block a few times. The baby is showing:

Accepted Answer

Habituation is the process by which an individual becomes accustomed to a stimulus after repeated exposure, resulting in decreased attention to that stimulus. In this scenario, the baby initially focuses on the colorful block but then loses interest after seeing it several times, indicating habituation.

Question 10

Sarah shows her baby a colorful block several times. The baby looks carefully at the block at first, but then turns her attention to a different toy after seeing the block a few times. If at this point Sarah shows her baby a solid green ball, the baby will again look carefully at the item. This change is called:

Accepted Answer

Dishabituation occurs when a new stimulus is introduced, and the subject's attention is renewed, indicating that the subject can differentiate between the old and new stimuli.

Question 11

Which statement is FALSE regarding eye tracking?

Accepted Answer

Frantz did not develop eye tracking for his "looking chambers"; he used preferential looking techniques, which are different from modern eye tracking methods.

Question 12

Which statement is TRUE regarding infants' perception of occluded objects?

Accepted Answer

Infants' perception of occluded objects develops through experience and self-directed exploration, as they learn to understand object permanence and continuity over time.

Question 13

The newborn's vision is estimated to be _____ on the Snellen eye examination chart.

Accepted Answer

The newborn's vision is estimated to be 20/600 on the Snellen eye examination chart. This means that the newborn can see an object at 20 feet that a person with normal vision can see at 600 feet.

Question 14

Fantz's research method-studying whether infants can distinguish one stimulus from another by measuring the length of time they attend to different stimuli-is referred to as the:

Accepted Answer

Fantz's research method is known as the visual preference method, which involves measuring the length of time infants look at different stimuli to determine their preferences and ability to distinguish between them.

Question 15

Amanda is six days old. Which of the following statements about Amanda's hearing is true?

Accepted Answer

Newborns, like Amanda, are generally more sensitive to high-pitched sounds than low-pitched sounds.

Question 16

Which statement is FALSE regarding infants' sense of touch and pain?

Accepted Answer

Anesthesia is used on infants during procedures to manage pain, contrary to the statement that it is not used.

Question 17

Baby Jane, three days old, is shown four drawings: a bright blue square, a white oval, a yellow circle, and a drawing of a face. Consistent with Fantz's work, which drawing would she probably prefer to look at?

Accepted Answer

Fantz's work on infant visual preferences showed that babies have a preference for looking at faces over other shapes and patterns.

Question 18

The most important recent advance in measuring infant perception is:

Accepted Answer

Sophisticated eye-tracking equipment allows researchers to precisely measure where and how long infants look at different stimuli, providing detailed insights into their perceptual and cognitive processes.

Question 19

At about what age do infants perceive that occluded objects are whole?

Accepted Answer

The answer of At about what age do infants perceive...

Question 20

When an infant turns his head because his cheek was stroked, this is evidence that he responds to:

Accepted Answer

The infant's response of turning his head when his cheek is stroked is a reflexive action to touch, known as the rooting reflex, which helps the infant find the breast or bottle to begin feeding.

Quiz 3: Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy