Question 1

_____ allows children to think about the definitions of words and components of sentences.

Accepted Answer

Metalinguistic awareness is the ability to think about and reflect on the nature and functions of language, including understanding word definitions and sentence components.

Question 2

Which of the following is TRUE of giftedness?

Accepted Answer

Research has found that individuals with world-class status in various fields often report strong family support, indicating the importance of nurture and support in the development of high ability. Option A is incorrect as signs of high ability can manifest themselves at a very young age. Option B is incorrect as deliberate practice has been found to be a key factor in the development of expertise in a particular domain. Option D is incorrect as individuals who are highly gifted may excel in one or a few specific domains, rather than many.

Question 3

A whole-language approach:

Accepted Answer

The whole-language approach focuses on understanding language in context, using listening to stories and writing as foundational activities to develop reading skills.

Question 4

_____ is knowledge about language, such as knowing what a preposition is or the ability to discuss the sounds of a language.

Accepted Answer

Metalinguistic awareness is the ability to reflect on and discuss the properties and functions of language, such as grammar and sounds.

Question 5

The _____ approach to reading instruction emphasizes the teaching of basic rules for translating written symbols into sounds.

Accepted Answer

The approach that emphasizes the teaching of basic rules for translating written symbols into sounds is phonics. This approach focuses on the relationships between letters and sounds, and can be helpful for students who struggle with decoding written words.

Question 6

Which of the following is TRUE about second-language learning?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is TRUE about...

Question 7

At Jackson Elementary, children are taught to read by learning to recognize entire words and sentences and to use the context words that are used in the text to guess their meaning. Their reading material consists of stories, poems, and later, newspapers and magazines. This school is using the _____ approach to reading instruction.

Accepted Answer

The whole-language approach focuses on teaching reading by recognizing whole words and sentences, using context to understand meaning, and engaging with complete texts like stories and poems.

Question 8

Mickey is concerned about correctly pronouncing words when reading, such as knowing the "c" is hard and soft in the word "circus," and knowing the "b" is silent in "lamb." She is developing:

Accepted Answer

Metalinguistic awareness is the ability to reflect on and manipulate the structural features of language, such as sounds and word parts, which includes understanding pronunciation rules and silent letters.

Question 9

All of the following contribute to the underrepresentation of ethnic minorities in gifted programs EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Differences in potential intelligence do not contribute to underrepresentation; rather, systemic issues like test bias and developmental delays do.

Question 10

Which of the following is the LEAST likely reason African American, Latino, and Native American children are underrepresented in gifted programs?

Accepted Answer

The statement that these children are gifted in creative or athletic areas and not academic areas is a stereotype and not a valid reason for underrepresentation in gifted programs. Cultural bias in testing and fewer opportunities to develop certain skills are more likely reasons.

Question 11

Which of the following is an important characteristic of individuals who become experts in a particular domain?

Accepted Answer

Deliberate practice is a focused and structured approach to improving performance, often involving feedback and specific goals, and is crucial for developing expertise in any domain.

Question 12

Alberta is a school teacher who introduces children to reading by teaching them a rhyme that goes, "A for apple, A says ah; B for ball, B says buh," and so on. This exemplifies the _____ approach to reading instruction.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of the phonics approach, where children are taught the relationship between letters and their sounds, and how to decode words by sounding them out.

Question 13

A process called _____ involves understanding how to use language in culturally appropriate ways.

Accepted Answer

Pragmatics involves understanding how to use language in context and in culturally appropriate ways, focusing on the social aspects of communication.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about children who are bilingual is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that bilingual children are actually more conscious of the structure of language, including grammar and syntax, than monolingual children. This is because they have to learn the rules of two languages instead of just one.

Question 15

Luke has learned that when he sees one of his friends he says, "Hey dude!" and when he sees the school principal he says, "Hello Mr. Perry, how are you today?" Luke is demonstrating an awareness of:

Accepted Answer

Pragmatics refers to the social language skills we use in our daily interactions with others, including how we talk differently in different social contexts. Luke is demonstrating pragmatics by adjusting his language based on who he is speaking to.

Question 16

Between ages 6 and 11 years, a child's vocabulary size typically grows from:

Accepted Answer

During ages 6 to 11, a child's vocabulary typically expands from about 14,000 to 40,000 words, reflecting significant language development during these years.

Question 17

Which of the following was NOT one of the criteria that characterize gifted children?

Accepted Answer

Easily bored is not a standard criterion for identifying gifted children, whereas precocity, marching to their own drummer, and a passion to master are commonly recognized traits.

Question 18

Which of the following statements represents the current thinking among increasing numbers of experts in the field of reading?

Accepted Answer

Increasing numbers of experts in the field of reading believe that direct instruction in phonics is a key aspect of learning to read. While the whole-language approach may have some benefits, many studies have shown that phonics instruction is essential for students to develop strong decoding skills and become successful readers. The morphological approach may also have some merit, but it is not a widely accepted or established approach to reading instruction.

Question 19

Louise is teaching her son to read by telling him the sound that each letter of the alphabet stands for. As he makes the sounds he begins to form words, and then smiles when he recognizes the written version of a word he uses all the time. What approach is his mother using?

Accepted Answer

The phonics approach involves teaching reading by associating sounds with letters or groups of letters, which is what Louise is doing by telling her son the sound each letter stands for.

Question 20

Which of the following improves considerably during the elementary school years, allowing for advances in vocabulary and grammar?

Accepted Answer

Metalinguistic awareness improves during the elementary school years, enabling children to better understand and use vocabulary and grammar.

Quiz 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle and Late Childhood