Question 1

Which of the following is not a criticism of Piaget's work?
A) He proposed that stages were unitary with all skills emerging at the same time.
B) He proposed that all adults would reach the highest stage of cognitive development.
C) He did not give younger children credit for developing skills.
D) He overestimated the influence of culture and education on cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not a...

Question 2

Leila, age 14, feels that nobody understands her, especially her parents and teachers. Leila's feelings reflect the _____ aspect of an adolescent's egocentrism.
A) personal fable
B) imaginary audience
C) self-fulfilling prophecy
D) collective myth

Accepted Answer

Leila's feelings reflect the "personal fable" aspect of adolescent egocentrism, where teenagers believe their experiences and feelings are unique and not understood by others.

Question 3

Attention-seeking behaviors, such as desires to be noticed, are motivated by the adolescent characteristic called:
A) personal fable.
B) stage fear.
C) imaginary audience.
D) collective myth.

Accepted Answer

The "imaginary audience" is a concept where adolescents believe that others are constantly watching and evaluating them, leading to attention-seeking behaviors.

Question 4

Kamal, now able to think abstractly, has taken an interest in politics. He realizes the potential in individuals and the many good things large groups of people might accomplish. Using Piaget's terms, Kamal is showing _____.
A) idealism
B) concrete operations
C) hypothetical-deductive reasoning
D) conservation

Accepted Answer

Kamal's interest in politics and his ability to think about the potential of individuals and groups indicates idealism, which is a characteristic of Piaget's formal operational stage.

Question 5

It's Friday night and Phillipe's parents are going out for dinner. "Would you like to come with us?" they ask. Phillipe turns down the invitation, saying, "I can't be seen with my parents on Friday night. That's too embarrassing!" He is displaying the characteristic of:
A) personal fable.
B) imaginary audience.
C) fight-or-flight response.
D) top-dog phenomenon.

Accepted Answer

Phillipe is displaying the characteristic of the imaginary audience, where he believes that others are constantly watching and judging him, making him feel self-conscious about being seen with his parents.

Question 6

Anneliese, age 14, has just broken up with her first boyfriend. She is distraught, feeling as though she will never find love again. She wonders if she will ever trust anyone again. Anneliese tried to explain this to her mother, but realized that her mother just doesn't get it. Anneliese's feelings reflect the _____ aspect of an adolescent's egocentrism.
A) personal fable
B) imaginary audience
C) self-fulfilling prophecy
D) collective myth

Accepted Answer

Anneliese's feelings reflect the "personal fable" aspect of adolescent egocentrism, where she believes her experiences and emotions are unique and that no one else can understand them.

Question 7

Gabriel said to his son, "I can tell you are getting smarter because you can talk about things like democracy and freedom in a more philosophical way." Basically, Gabriel is saying his son is capable of:
A) inductive logic.
B) preoperations.
C) conservation.
D) abstract thinking.

Accepted Answer

Gabriel is referring to his son's ability to discuss complex and intangible concepts like democracy and freedom, which indicates abstract thinking.

Question 8

Jake, 18 years old, understands the physics of why a high-speed object goes off track on a curve. Regardless, he told his friend, "I know I can handle the car at high speeds much better than others can." This reflects the tendency of adolescents to engage in:
A) personal fable.
B) collective myths.
C) imaginary audience.
D) perspective taking.

Accepted Answer

The personal fable is a belief held by adolescents that they are unique and invincible, which can lead them to take risks because they feel they can handle situations better than others.

Question 9

The _____ is the characteristic of adolescent egocentrism involving a sense of uniqueness and invincibility.
A) personal fable
B) self-fulfilling prophecy
C) imaginary audience
D) collective myth

Accepted Answer

The personal fable is a concept in adolescent egocentrism where individuals believe they are unique and invincible, often leading to risk-taking behaviors.

Question 10

Peter and Roland are trying to figure out if they can mow the yard before they go to soccer practice. Peter says, "Let's just try it." Roland says, "We can figure this out. Walk with the mower across the yard and I'll time you. Then we'll estimate how may swipes it will take and get a total time." Roland is thinking like someone using _____.
A) idealism
B) concrete operations
C) hypothetical-deductive reasoning
D) conservation

Accepted Answer

Roland is using hypothetical-deductive reasoning, which involves forming a hypothesis and deducing logical conclusions to solve a problem.

Question 11

Abe is giving his children some brain teaser challenges. He asked, "If a smot is bigger than a hek, a kom is bigger than duj, and a smot is bigger than a kom, then which is bigger: a hek or a duj?" His younger child wants to draw pictures of each item, but his older child can do it mentally. His younger child is _____, while his older child is _____.
A) passive operational; active operational
B) concrete operational; postformal operational
C) concrete operational; formal operational
D) formal operational; postformal operational

Accepted Answer

The younger child is in the concrete operational stage, needing tangible aids like drawings, while the older child is in the formal operational stage, capable of abstract reasoning and mental manipulation of concepts.

Question 12

Sergei has noticed his daughter is asking questions about religion and a force governing the universe in a sophisticated way. He said, "I remember when you thought there was literally an old man like Santa Claus in the sky, and now your thinking has progressed." Another way of saying this is to say is daughter is now capable of:
A) inductive logic.
B) preoperations.
C) conservation.
D) abstract thinking.

Accepted Answer

Sergei's daughter is now capable of abstract thinking, which involves understanding complex concepts and ideas that are not directly tied to concrete objects or experiences, such as the notion of a force governing the universe.

Question 13

Fifteen-year-old Juanita wants to skip school today because she is having a bad hair day and is convinced that everybody will notice and think badly of her. "I can't let everyone see me this way," she thinks. Which aspect of adolescent egocentrism is Juanita experiencing?
A) Personal fable
B) Imaginary audience
C) Fight-or-flight response
D) Top-dog phenomenon

Accepted Answer

Juanita is experiencing the "imaginary audience" aspect of adolescent egocentrism, where she believes that others are as focused on her appearance as she is.

Question 14

According to David Elkind, personal fable and imaginary audience are parts of adolescent:
A) self-awareness.
B) ethnocentrism.
C) imagination.
D) egocentrism.

Accepted Answer

David Elkind's concepts of personal fable and imaginary audience are components of adolescent egocentrism, where teenagers believe they are unique and that others are constantly observing them.

Question 15

Two teachers are discussing lesson plans for first-grade students. One teacher asks, "What do you think about a unit on motivation and ambition?" The other replied, "We need to be careful with that because our students are not yet _____."
A) able to understand object permanence
B) abstract thinkers
C) finished with their brain development
D) symbolic thinkers

Accepted Answer

First-grade students are typically not yet capable of abstract thinking, which involves understanding complex concepts that are not directly tied to concrete experiences or objects.

Question 16

In the formal operational stage, adolescents begin to think more as a scientist thinks, devising plans to solve problems and systematically testing solutions. This type of problem solving requires:
A) trial-and-error reasoning.
B) hypothetical-deductive reasoning.
C) concrete operational reasoning.
D) preconventional reasoning.

Accepted Answer

The type of problem solving described, which involves devising plans and systematically testing solutions, is known as hypothetical-deductive reasoning. This type of reasoning involves creating hypotheses and systematically testing them to arrive at a solution. This is a hallmark of formal operational thinking. The other answer choices (A, C, and D) are not correct because they do not accurately describe the type of reasoning used in the formal operational stage.

Question 17

Only about one in three young adolescents reach the level of _____, and many in the United States and other cultures never achieve it.
A) concrete operations
B) formal operations
C) postoperations
D) postformal operations

Accepted Answer

Formal operations is the highest stage of cognitive development, and only about one in three young adolescents reach this level.

Question 18

The _____ is adolescents' belief that others are as interested in them as they themselves are.
A) personal fable
B) stage fear
C) imaginary audience
D) collective myth

Accepted Answer

The imaginary audience is a psychological concept where adolescents believe that others are constantly watching and evaluating them, reflecting their heightened self-consciousness.

Question 19

As part of their effort to retain a sense of _____, adolescents might craft a story about the self that is filled with fantasy, immersing themselves in a world that is far removed from reality.
A) imaginary audience
B) invincibility
C) transitivity
D) personal uniqueness

Accepted Answer

Adolescents often create a narrative of personal uniqueness, which involves seeing themselves as distinct and special, sometimes leading to fantasies that are far removed from reality.

Question 20

Even though Piaget would say adolescents are capable of very intelligent reasoning, Elkind would say that reasoning is influenced by adolescent:
A) self-awareness.
B) ethnocentrism.
C) imagination.
D) egocentrism.

Accepted Answer

Elkind proposed that adolescent reasoning is influenced by egocentrism, which includes the belief that others are as focused on them as they are on themselves, leading to phenomena like the imaginary audience and personal fable.

Quiz 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Which of the following is not a criticism of Piaget's work?

Leila, age 14, feels that nobody understands her, especially her parents and teachers. Leila's feelings reflect the _____ aspect of an adolescent's egocentrism.

Attention-seeking behaviors, such as desires to be noticed, are motivated by the adolescent characteristic called:

Kamal, now able to think abstractly, has taken an interest in politics. He realizes the potential in individuals and the many good things large groups of people might accomplish. Using Piaget's terms, Kamal is showing _____.

It's Friday night and Phillipe's parents are going out for dinner. "Would you like to come with us?" they ask. Phillipe turns down the invitation, saying, "I can't be seen with my parents on Friday night. That's too embarrassing!" He is displaying the characteristic of:

Gabriel said to his son, "I can tell you are getting smarter because you can talk about things like democracy and freedom in a more philosophical way." Basically, Gabriel is saying his son is capable of:

Jake, 18 years old, understands the physics of why a high-speed object goes off track on a curve. Regardless, he told his friend, "I know I can handle the car at high speeds much better than others can." This reflects the tendency of adolescents to engage in:

The _____ is the characteristic of adolescent egocentrism involving a sense of uniqueness and invincibility.

Fifteen-year-old Juanita wants to skip school today because she is having a bad hair day and is convinced that everybody will notice and think badly of her. "I can't let everyone see me this way," she thinks. Which aspect of adolescent egocentrism is Juanita experiencing?

According to David Elkind, personal fable and imaginary audience are parts of adolescent:

Two teachers are discussing lesson plans for first-grade students. One teacher asks, "What do you think about a unit on motivation and ambition?" The other replied, "We need to be careful with that because our students are not yet _____."

In the formal operational stage, adolescents begin to think more as a scientist thinks, devising plans to solve problems and systematically testing solutions. This type of problem solving requires:

Only about one in three young adolescents reach the level of _____, and many in the United States and other cultures never achieve it.

The _____ is adolescents' belief that others are as interested in them as they themselves are.

As part of their effort to retain a sense of _____, adolescents might craft a story about the self that is filled with fantasy, immersing themselves in a world that is far removed from reality.

Even though Piaget would say adolescents are capable of very intelligent reasoning, Elkind would say that reasoning is influenced by adolescent: