Quiz 15: Leadership and Employee Behavior in International Business

Which term refers to the relatively stable set of psychological attributes that distinguishes one individual from another? A) personality B) attitude C) perception D) ethics

Discussion concerning the extent to which personality attributes are biologically inherited is commonly called the ________. A) nurture argument B) nature argument C) DNA approach D) biological argument

Discussion concerning the extent to which personality attributes are shaped by the social and cultural environment in which people are raised is commonly called the ________. A) nurture argument B) nature argument C) culture factor D) biological argument

What Big Five personality trait refers to a person's ability to get along with others? A) agreeableness B) extroversion C) conscientiousness D) emotional stability

Which of the following personality traits describes a person whose behavior is gentle, cooperative, understanding, and good-natured? A) agreeableness B) openness C) conscientiousness D) emotional stability

Jeff is irritable, short-tempered, and uncooperative with others. He is lacking in ________. A) agreeableness B) extroversion C) conscientiousness D) emotional stability

What personality trait refers to the order and precision a person imposes on activities? A) extroversion B) openness C) conscientiousness D) emotional stability

Sanjay, an HR manager, is organized, systematic, and responsible. Sanjay would most likely score high on which Big Five personality dimension? A) agreeableness B) extroversion C) openness D) conscientiousness

Conscientiousness refers to ________. A) the ability to get along with others B) the drive to impose order and precision C) the inclination to maintain a balanced emotional state D) one's rigidity of beliefs and range of interests

Andrea is disorganized, careless, and irresponsible. She is lacking in ________. A) extroversion B) openness C) conscientiousness D) emotional stability

Which of the following personality traits describes a person who is poised, calm, and secure? A) agreeableness B) openness C) conscientiousness D) emotional stability

Jackie is insecure, reactive, and subject to extreme mood swings. She is lacking in ________. A) agreeableness B) openness C) conscientiousness D) emotional stability

What personality trait refers to one's comfort level with relationships? A) agreeableness B) extroversion C) openness D) emotional stability

Extroversion refers to ________. A) the ability to get along with others B) the drive to impose order and precision C) one's comfort level with relationships D) one's rigidity of beliefs and range of interests

Mike is talkative, sociable, and assertive. He could be described using the personality trait of ________. A) agreeableness B) extroversion C) openness D) conscientiousness

What personality trait refers to one's rigidity of beliefs and range of interests? A) agreeableness B) extroversion C) openness D) conscientiousness

People who are high in ________ are willing to listen to new ideas and to change their own beliefs as a result of new information. A) agreeableness B) extroversion C) openness D) conscientiousness

Which Big Five personality traits are good predictors of performance across a variety of job criteria and occupational groups in the United States and the European Union? A) openness and extroversion B) emotional stability and conscientiousness C) extroversion and emotional stability D) conscientiousness and agreeableness

________ is a useful predictor of managerial performance in China. A) Extroversion B) Emotional stability C) Openness D) Agreeableness

Locus of control ________. A) is the extent to which people believe that their behavior has a real effect on what happens to them B) indicates a person's beliefs about his or her capabilities to perform a task C) is the extent to which an individual believes that power and status differences are appropriate within hierarchical social systems D) is the extent to which a person believes that he or she is a worthwhile and deserving individual

John just found out that he did not get the promotion he wanted. He isn't upset because he believes fate just wasn't on his side. What personality trait best explains John's views in this situation? A) internal locus of control B) external locus of control C) self-efficacy D) conscientiousness

Self-efficacy ________. A) is the extent to which people believe that their behavior has a real effect on what happens to them B) indicates a person's beliefs about his or her capabilities to perform a task C) is the extent to which an individual believes that power and status differences are appropriate within hierarchical social systems D) is the extent to which a person believes that he or she is a worthwhile and deserving individual

Jason spends every weekend studying for his advanced degree and regularly attends seminars designed to improve his skills. He believes this effort will pay off in career success. What personality trait best explains Jason's belief? A) internal locus of control B) external locus of control C) self-efficacy D) conscientiousness

Authoritarianism ________. A) is the extent to which people believe that their behavior has a real effect on what happens to them B) indicates a person's beliefs about his or her capabilities to perform a task C) is the extent to which an individual believes that power and status differences are appropriate within hierarchical social systems D) is the extent to which a person believes that he or she is a worthwhile and deserving individual

________ indicates a person's beliefs about his or her capabilities to perform a task. A) Internal locus of control B) External locus of control C) Self-efficacy D) Conscientiousness

Colin has a big meeting with the managers of a company in Germany with whom he hopes to develop a strategic alliance. Colin seriously doubts his ability to negotiate the deal. What personality trait best describes Colin's situation? A) internal locus of control B) external locus of control C) self-efficacy D) conscientiousness

Self-esteem ________. A) is the extent to which people believe that their behavior has a real effect on what happens to them B) indicates a person's beliefs about his or her capabilities to perform a task C) is the extent to which an individual believes that power and status differences are appropriate within hierarchical social systems D) is the extent to which a person believes that he or she is a worthwhile and deserving individual

Lisa is busy studying for the GMAT. She realizes how important a good GMAT score is on her graduate school applications, and she is confident she will perform well. What personality trait best describes Lisa's confidence? A) internal locus of control B) external locus of control C) self-efficacy D) conscientiousness

________ is the extent to which an individual believes that power and status differences are appropriate within hierarchical social systems like business organizations. A) Locus of control B) Self-efficacy C) Authoritarianism D) Conscientiousness

Martha, a manager at a marketing firm, took a personality test which indicated that she has a high degree of authoritarianism. Which of the following would Martha most likely do? A) give directives to subordinates B) praise subordinates for being creative C) provide subordinates a major role in making decisions D) encourage subordinates to question managerial decisions

________ is the extent to which a person believes that he or she is a worthwhile and deserving individual. A) Locus of control B) Self-esteem C) Self-efficacy D) Extraversion

Courtney seeks good jobs, is confident in her abilities, and gets a lot of intrinsic satisfaction from her accomplishments. She could be described as someone with ________. A) internal locus of control B) external locus of control C) high self-esteem D) high self-efficacy

Which term refers to complexes of beliefs and feelings that people have about specific ideas, situations, or other people? A) motivations B) attitudes C) beliefs D) ethics

Which term refers to the extent to which an individual is gratified by or fulfilled in his or her work? A) job satisfaction B) job commitment C) career awareness D) career motivation

According to research, high levels of job satisfaction are typically linked to ________. A) low workers' compensation rates B) high performance levels C) low absenteeism D) high turnover

Which attitude reflects an individual's loyalty to an employer? A) job satisfaction B) organizational commitment C) business acumen D) organizational culture

________ is the set of processes by which an individual becomes aware of and interprets information about the environment. A) Environmental scanning B) Perception C) Attitude development D) Stereotyping

Which perceptual process occurs when we make inferences about someone because of one or more characteristics they possess? A) attitudes B) commitment C) scanning D) stereotyping

Jason states at a meeting that Japanese managers work all the time and Swiss managers are well organized. Which term best describes Jason's comments? A) transferring B) bonding C) scanning D) stereotyping

When individuals experience a strong stimulus, the natural response is ________. A) pressure B) stress C) exhaustion D) frustration

In a study of stress among executives from 10 countries, executives from ________ experienced the least stress. A) Egypt B) Japan C) Sweden D) Germany

In a study of stress among executives from 10 countries, executives from ________ experienced difficulties managing their stress. A) Japan B) the United States C) Germany D) the United Kingdom

Psychologists agree that personality is set primarily by nurture.

Agreeableness refers to a person's ability to get along with others.

Extroversion describes the level of order and precision a person imposes on activities.

According to research, Europeans with high conscientiousness and emotional stability are more likely to perform at a higher level than those with low conscientiousness and less emotional stability.

People from an individualistic and power-tolerant culture are more likely to have an external locus of control.

Self-efficacy indicates a person's abilities to perform a task.

Expatriates who are dissatisfied with their jobs are more likely to leave their employers than employees who are satisfied.

Satisfied employees tend to be absent less often, make positive contributions, and stay with the organization.

The perceptions that Germans are autocratic and that Japanese are workaholics are stereotypes.

Because stress is a physiological response, all humans experience the same forms of stress and handle that stress in the same ways.

Aiko, a manager at a Japanese marketing firm, has distributed a keiretsu through her department. Aiko is most likely trying to identify alternatives to a problem and generate new ideas.

What is the difference between an internal and external locus of control? How would this affect employers and employees?

What is job satisfaction? What factors influence an individual's level of job satisfaction? How might a manager with leadership skills influence a subordinate's job satisfaction?

Explain what happens when we experience too little stress, the right amount of stress, and too much stress.

What are secondary needs? Why is it important for international managers to understand the secondary needs of employees from multiple cultures?

As a manager, how would you build a cross-cultural team to ensure high productivity levels? What cultural factors should you consider before assigning team members? Illustrate your answer with examples.

What are the Big Five personality traits? How are these traits relevant to organizations?

________ is the overall set of forces that causes people to choose certain behaviors from a set of available behaviors. A) Perception B) Consideration C) Leadership D) Motivation

Which of the following refers to what an individual must have or wants to have? A) beliefs B) goals C) needs D) values

Things that people require in order to survive, such as food, are called ________. A) secondary needs B) primary needs C) survival goals D) sufficiency items

Which models of motivation attempt to identify the specific need or set of needs that result in motivated behavior? A) need-based models B) process-based models C) reinforcement models D) perceptual models

Which models of motivation focus more on the conscious thought processes people use to select one behavior from among several? A) need-based models B) process-based models C) reinforcement models D) perceptual models

Which model of motivation deals with how people assess the consequences of their behavioral choices and how that assessment goes into their future choice of behaviors? A) need-based model B) process-based model C) reinforcement model D) perceptual model

Which model of motivation incorporates the roles of rewards and punishment in maintaining or altering existing behavioral patterns? A) need-based model B) process-based model C) reinforcement model D) perceptual model

Which of the following is a true statement based on research of McClelland's learned needs framework? A) The need for achievement exists only in developed cultures. B) Individualistic cultures primarily promote the need for affiliation. C) The need for achievement can be taught to people in different cultures. D) Power-respecting cultures primarily promote the need for self-esteem.

Which theory suggests that motivational needs can be taught to people in different cultures? A) Maslow's hierarchy of needs B) Vroom's expectancy theory C) McClelland's learned needs framework D) Herzberg's two-factor theory

Which theory suggests that one set of factors affects dissatisfaction and another set affects satisfaction? A) Hofstede's cultural dimensions B) Maslow's hierarchy of needs C) Vroom's expectancy theory D) Herzberg's two-factor theory

Which theory says that behavior resulting in a positive outcome will likely be repeated under the same circumstances in the future? A) reinforcement model B) hierarchy of needs C) expectancy theory D) two-factor theory

People who maintain that individuals are in control of their lives are said to have an external locus of control.

Process-based models of motivation are those that attempt to identify the specific need or set of needs that result in motivated behavior.

Research has found that German managers do a better job of balancing work and nonwork activities than their counterparts in the United Kingdom.

Hofstede's cultural dimensions can be classified as a need-based model of motivation.

Herzberg's two-factor theory suggests that different factors affect satisfaction and dissatisfaction.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is relevant in all cultures.

McClelland's learned needs framework includes the need for affiliation, the need for power, and the need for achievement.

Cultural factors are among the most difficult and complex to assess and understand.

Relatively little research has explicitly tested expectancy theory in countries other than the United States. It does seem logical, however, that the basic framework of the theory should have wide applicability.

Perception starts when we see, hear, touch, smell, or taste something.

What is the meaning of motivation? Why is it important for an international manager to understand motivation?

What are the need levels in Maslow's hierarchy of needs? What role do these needs play in international management? How does an employee's location or culture affect the hierarchy of needs?

What is the basic theory behind the reinforcement model?

What is meant by organizational commitment?

What are the theoretical approaches to motivation?

What motivates managers and employees in both uncertainty-avoiding and uncertainty-accepting cultures? How do the differences between these types of cultures affect team dynamics?

________ is the use of non-coercive influence to shape the goals of a group or organization, to motivate behavior toward reaching those goals, and to help determine the group or organizational culture. A) Motivation B) Commitment C) Leadership D) Management

________ tends to rely on formal power and authority and to focus on administration and decision making. A) Administration B) Management C) Leadership D) Supervision

________ relies on personal power and focuses on motivation and communication. A) Administration B) Management C) Leadership D) Supervision

According to research, managers in ________ have the highest tendency to believe that they should be experts and should know the answers to all questions raised by subordinates. A) Italy B) Japan C) Germany D) Great Britain

________ includes behaviors intending to ensure the safety and security of the leader and the group. A) Self-protective leadership B) Autonomous leadership C) Participative leadership D) Charismatic leadership

In individualistic cultures, leaders need to focus on individual employees rather than the group.

Differences in goal orientation will affect leader behavior.

Management relies on formal power and authority rather than on motivation.

Kade, an Indonesian manager at a major retail store, refers a subordinate to another manager when asked a question that she cannot answer. According to the Indonesian culture, Kade will most likely be viewed as a great leader.

Explain the difference between needs and values.

How do managers and leaders differ? Which do you think is most important in an international business? Why?

Using examples, compare and contrast leadership and management.

________ is the process of choosing one alternative from among a set of alternatives in order to promote a specific objective. A) Decision making B) Perception C) Motivation D) Leadership

Which model of decision making suggests that managers apply logic and rationality in making the best decisions? A) need-based B) process-based C) normative D) descriptive

Which model of decision making argues that behavioral processes limit a manager's ability to always be logical and rational? A) need-based B) process-based C) normative D) descriptive

Which model of decision making recognizes that managers are influenced by bounded rationality? A) need-based B) process-based C) normative D) descriptive

________ suggests that decision makers are constrained in their ability to be objective and rational by limitations of the human mind. A) Satisficing B) Objectivism C) Rational thought D) Bounded rationality

What behavioral process suggests that managers sometimes adopt the first minimally acceptable alternative they identify, when a further search might suggest an even better alternative? A) satisficing B) objectivism C) maximizing D) bounded rationality

What is the first step in the normative model of decision making? A) identifying alternatives B) problem recognition C) evaluating alternatives D) implementation

Xuan-Li, a manager at a Japanese electronics firm, has initiated a ringisho, which is currently circulating through his work group. Xuan-Li most likely generated the ringisho for the purpose of ________. A) identifying potential group leaders B) adhering to the firm's hierarchical structure C) encouraging creative solutions to a problem D) documenting a problem raised by management

Elisa, a manager at Thornton Consulting, recently noticed that turnover is particularly high in one of the production units. Elisa assumes that the turnover is caused by low wages, so she immediately increases the salaries of all employees in the unit. Elisa's actions have most likely been affected by ________. A) normative decision making B) uncertainty avoidance C) bounded rationality D) acculteration

According to the descriptive model, decision making starts when managers recognize that a problem exists and a decision has to be made.

In power-respecting cultures, employees expect leaders to take charge, make decisions, and direct their efforts.

People in passive goal behavior cultures tend to value money and other material rewards.

As an international manager, how would you make a decision using the normative model of decision making?

What is the ringi system? How does the ringi system facilitate the productivity of an organizational team?

Explain how decisions are made under the descriptive model of decision making.

How are managers affected by bounded rationality?

What is satisficing?

What is the difference between the normative model of decision making and the descriptive model? Which model is primarily used by managers? Explain.

Which task characteristic is more appropriate for problem solving by homogeneous teams? A) complex B) nonroutine C) routine D) ambiguous

When a task is vague, ambiguous, or unstructured a(n) ________ team is more likely to thrive. A) power respecting B) individualistic C) uncertainty avoiding D) uncertainty accepting

Team cohesiveness is more likely to emerge naturally in a(n) ________ culture. A) collectivistic B) individualistic C) uncertainty avoiding D) uncertainty accepting

A team is any collection of people working together to accomplish a common purpose.

The composition of a team plays a minimal role in team dynamics.

What is a group? Is it different from a team?

Considering tasks a team might complete, when should a team be homogeneous rather than heterogeneous?

What are the characteristics of a mature team?