Question 1

Which of the following individuals is suffering from retrograde amnesia?
A) Eva; after waking up from a coma, Eva cannot recall why she is in the hospital or her family members' names.
B) Adam; after recovering from a concussion, Adam cannot encode or store any new information with which he is presented.
C) Amy; while attending her psychology class, Amy cannot remember lecture materials well because the material from her previous sociology class keeps showing up in her mind.
D) Michael; while reviewing what he learned in class one day, Michael is unable to recall information he learned from chemistry class in the morning because he keeps thinking about material covered in math class in the afternoon.

Accepted Answer

Eva is experiencing retrograde amnesia because she is unable to recall events that occurred prior to her coma.

Question 2

Which of the following individuals is suffering from anterograde amnesia?
A) Eva; after waking up from a coma, Eva cannot recall why she is in the hospital nor her family members' names.
B) Adam; after recovering from a concussion, Adam cannot encode or store any new information with which he is presented.
C) Amy; while attending her psychology class, Amy cannot remember lecture materials well because the material from her previous sociology class keeps showing up in her mind.
D) Michael; while reviewing what he learned in class one day, Michael is unable to recall information he learned from chemistry class in the morning because he keeps thinking about material covered in math class in the afternoon.

Accepted Answer

Anterograde amnesia refers to the inability to encode or store new information after an event, such as a brain injury. Adam's inability to remember new information after his concussion is consistent with anterograde amnesia. Option A describes a case of retrograde amnesia, where Eva has lost memories prior to the event. Option C describes interference between information in different classes, while option D describes a regular forgetting of information after a period of time has elapsed.

Question 3

Nora and Miles are studying for an exam. Nora makes flash cards to memorize new terms and repeatedly reads them to herself. Miles links new terms to the ones he already knows
Based on their meanings. Nora is using ________ and Miles is using ________ to learn the
Terms.
A) maintenance rehearsal; elaborative rehearsal
B) elaborative rehearsal; maintenance rehearsal
C) procedural memory; semantic memory
D) semantic memory; procedural memory

Accepted Answer

Nora is using maintenance rehearsal by repeatedly reviewing the flashcards to memorize terms, while Miles is using elaborative rehearsal by linking new terms to existing knowledge.

Question 4

Jorge knows that Monika goes to a lot of parties. When Bella asks Jorge what Monika is like, he tells him that Monika drinks a lot of alcohol. Even though Jorge only knows that Monika
Goes to parties, he tells Bella that Monika drinks a lot because he
A) has a schema about going to parties that includes drinking alcohol.
B) did not encode the original information about Monika properly.
C) has a memory bias against people who like to go to parties.
D) retrieved his memory about Monika in a context that involved drinking alcohol.

Accepted Answer

Jorge is using his schema (pre-existing knowledge) about parties and alcohol to make an assumption about Monika's behavior. He may not have accurate knowledge about Monika's drinking habits, but he is making an inference based on his schema.

Question 5

On his way to buy a snack, Jed sees an ad that simply shows one juicy hamburger. Rather than getting ice cream as he had planned, Jed buys french fries instead. According to the
Spreading activation model, the hamburger most likely made Jed want french fries because
A) eating hamburgers and french fries are part of the same procedural memory.
B) he misattributed his memory of the ad to being about french fries.
C) the hamburger activated the node for french fries.
D) the french fries were encoded with the hamburger in the ad.

Accepted Answer

According to the Spreading activation model, the activation of a node, such as the hamburger, can spread to related nodes, such as french fries. This means that seeing the hamburger ad most likely activated the node for french fries, leading Jed to choose them instead of ice cream.

Question 6

Scientists have created a drug that leaves your existing memory intact but eliminates your ability to form any new memories. This drug seems to create
A) anterograde amnesia.
B) proactive interference.
C) retrograde amnesia.
D) retroactive interference.

Accepted Answer

Anterograde amnesia is the inability to form new memories after a specific point in time, while leaving existing memories intact. This drug specifically eliminates the ability to form new memories without affecting existing ones, which fits the definition of anterograde amnesia. Option B is incorrect because proactive interference refers to the interference of previously learned information with the ability to learn new information. Option C is incorrect because retrograde amnesia refers to the inability to access already stored memories from before a specific point in time. Option D is incorrect because retroactive interference refers to the interference of newly learned information with the ability to recall previously learned information.

Question 7

Hogan remembers the general information about a movie he saw a long time ago. He cannot remember the actors or the details from the movie but knows that it was a romantic
Comedy. Hogan's memory of this movie is a(n) ________ memory.
A) semantic
B) implicit
C) procedural
D) classically conditioned

Accepted Answer

Hogan's memory of the movie falls under semantic memory, which refers to general knowledge and facts about the world. In this case, Hogan remembers the genre of the movie, which is a piece of general knowledge. Implicit memory refers to memory that is unconscious and automatic, procedural memory is memory for how to do specific tasks, and classical conditioning refers to learning through associations between stimuli. None of these apply to Hogan's memory of the movie genre.

Question 8

A person who has experienced the loss of past memories may be experiencing
A) proactive interference.
B) retroactive interference.
C) anterograde amnesia.
D) retrograde amnesia.

Accepted Answer

Retrograde amnesia is the loss of past memories, whereas anterograde amnesia is the inability to create new memories. Proactive interference occurs when prior learning interferes with the recall of new information, while retroactive interference occurs when new learning interferes with the recall of old information. Therefore, the best choice for someone experiencing the loss of past memories is retrograde amnesia.

Question 9

Jonathan was in a motorcycle accident and sustained an injury to his hippocampus. He now has anterograde amnesia, which means that he has difficulty
A) remembering familiar people's names.
B) recovering semantic memories.
C) remembering events from his childhood.
D) forming new memories.

Accepted Answer

Anterograde amnesia is a type of memory impairment where the individual has difficulty forming new memories after the onset of the condition. Therefore, choice D is the best answer.

Question 10

If the Wicked Witch of the West flew down and struck you with retrograde amnesia, you would be ________ to remember anything from before the incident and ________ to form
New memories.
A) able; able
B) able; unable
C) unable; able
D) unable; unable

Accepted Answer

Retrograde amnesia causes a loss of memory for events that occurred before the incident that caused the amnesia. This means that the person would be unable to remember anything from before the incident. However, retrograde amnesia does not typically impair the ability to form new memories, so the person would still be able to form new memories.

Question 11

Ted has brain damage after an accident. Although he can clearly remember everything from before the accident, he forgets what people are saying to him within a few minutes. Ted is
Most likely experiencing
A) retrograde amnesia.
B) retroactive interference.
C) anterograde amnesia.
D) proactive interference.

Accepted Answer

Ted's inability to remember new information after the accident suggests that he is experiencing anterograde amnesia, which is the inability to form new memories after the onset of amnesia. Retrograde amnesia refers to the inability to remember events that occurred before the onset of amnesia. Retroactive interference and proactive interference are both types of memory interference, but they do not apply to Ted's situation of being unable to form new memories.

Question 12

Your friend starts talking about a new puppy that she just rescued. This discussion activates your knowledge about dogs. Since this knowledge is maintained in long-term storage in a network of associations, when you hear about her new puppy
A) all words associated with pet will be activated equally.
B) all words associated with dog will be activated equally.
C) weaker words associated with dog will be activated first.
D) stronger words associated with dog will be activated first.

Accepted Answer

When your friend starts talking about her new puppy, your prior knowledge about dogs will be activated in a network of associations. The strongest associations with dogs will be activated first, such as traits commonly associated with dogs (loyal, playful, etc.), breeds of dogs, and personal experiences with dogs. Weaker associations, such as dog-related vocabulary words, may also be activated but with less strength. Therefore, option D is the best answer.

Question 13

After a plane crash, Shera wakes up in a hospital and can remember everything about her life prior to the crash. However, every time her doctor visits, she believes she has never met him
Before. Based on this information, the doctor will most likely diagnose Shera with
A) anterograde amnesia.
B) retrograde amnesia.
C) proactive interference.
D) retroactive interference.

Accepted Answer

Anterograde amnesia is a type of memory loss where a person is unable to form new memories after a certain event or injury. In Shera's case, she is able to remember everything prior to the plane crash but is unable to create new memories of meeting her doctor. This is consistent with anterograde amnesia. Retrograde amnesia, on the other hand, is the inability to recall memories that were formed before a certain event or injury, which is not the case for Shera. Proactive and retroactive interference are types of memory distortion that do not involve the inability to form new memories.

Question 14

According to the idea that information is held in long-term storage in networks of associations, each unit of information in the network is a(n)
A) node.
B) schema.
C) association.
D) feature.

Accepted Answer

Each unit of information in the network is represented as a node, which can be connected to other nodes through associations. Schemas are mental frameworks representing organized knowledge about a particular concept or category, associations are connections between nodes, and features are specific attributes or characteristics of a node.

Question 15

After falling off your horse, you seem to have lost all memory of the past three years of your life. Based on this symptom, the doctor will most likely diagnose you with
A) anterograde amnesia.
B) retrograde amnesia.
C) proactive interference.
D) retroactive interference.

Accepted Answer

Retrograde amnesia is the loss of memory of events that occurred prior to the injury or trauma that caused the amnesia. In this case, the individual has lost memory of the past three years, which suggests retrograde amnesia. Anterograde amnesia involves the loss of memory for events that occurred after the injury or trauma. Proactive and retroactive interference are not applicable in this scenario, as they involve the interference of memory retention rather than the loss of memory itself.

Question 16

George has to recall the names of the first 20 presidents of the United States for his history test. According to the levels of processing model of memory, to remember the most names,
George should
A) study in the same room where the test will be given.
B) write the names down over and over again.
C) relate the names to information he already knows.
D) repeat the names to himself many times.

Accepted Answer

According to the levels of processing model of memory, relating new information to information already known in long-term memory (elaborative rehearsal) leads to better retention and recall. Therefore, George should relate the names to information he already knows to remember the most names. The other options may not be as effective as elaborative rehearsal.

Question 17

If someone says the word doctor, it may trigger a memory of your last trip to the doctor, or it may bring to mind other concepts related to doctors, such as an examination room
Or a stethoscope. The ________ model of memory best explains this fact.
A) levels of processing
B) state-dependent
C) context-dependent
D) spreading activation

Accepted Answer

The spreading activation model of memory proposes that when one concept is activated, it spreads to other related concepts in our memory network. So when the word "doctor" is presented, it triggers activation of related concepts such as "stethoscope" or "examination room".

Question 18

The type of memory that is associated with the conscious recollection of previous experiences is referred to as ________ memory.
A) implicit
B) explicit
C) sensory
D) procedural

Accepted Answer

Explicit memory is also known as declarative memory and involves the conscious recollection of previous experiences, such as facts or events. Implicit memory, on the other hand, is unconscious and involves skills and habits. Sensory memory is very short-lived and involves the initial encoding of sensory information. Procedural memory involves the learning of motor skills and habits.

Question 19

Which of the following is a type of explicit memory?
A) episodic memory
B) procedural memory
C) motor skills
D) classical conditioning

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory is a type of explicit memory that involves the recollection of specific events or episodes. It is a conscious and intentional recollection of past experiences, such as a birthday party or a first date. Therefore, option A is the correct choice. Procedural memory, motor skills, and classical conditioning are all types of implicit memory that do not involve conscious recollection.

Question 20

Yolanda has a brain tumor. As the tumor gets bigger, Yolanda can no longer form new memories in long-term storage. Yolanda most likely has ________ amnesia.
A) anterograde
B) retrograde
C) proactive
D) retroactive

Accepted Answer

Anterograde amnesia is the inability to form new long-term memories after a traumatic event such as brain injury or tumor. This is different from retrograde amnesia, which is the inability to recall past memories before the event. Proactive and retroactive amnesia are not recognized forms of amnesia.

Quiz 7: Memory

Which of the following individuals is suffering from retrograde amnesia?

Which of the following individuals is suffering from anterograde amnesia?

Nora and Miles are studying for an exam. Nora makes flash cards to memorize new terms and repeatedly reads them to herself. Miles links new terms to the ones he already knows Based on their meanings. Nora is using and Miles is using to learn the Terms.

Jorge knows that Monika goes to a lot of parties. When Bella asks Jorge what Monika is like, he tells him that Monika drinks a lot of alcohol. Even though Jorge only knows that Monika Goes to parties, he tells Bella that Monika drinks a lot because he

On his way to buy a snack, Jed sees an ad that simply shows one juicy hamburger. Rather than getting ice cream as he had planned, Jed buys french fries instead. According to the Spreading activation model, the hamburger most likely made Jed want french fries because

Scientists have created a drug that leaves your existing memory intact but eliminates your ability to form any new memories. This drug seems to create

Hogan remembers the general information about a movie he saw a long time ago. He cannot remember the actors or the details from the movie but knows that it was a romantic Comedy. Hogan's memory of this movie is a(n) ________ memory.

A person who has experienced the loss of past memories may be experiencing

Jonathan was in a motorcycle accident and sustained an injury to his hippocampus. He now has anterograde amnesia, which means that he has difficulty

If the Wicked Witch of the West flew down and struck you with retrograde amnesia, you would be to remember anything from before the incident and to form New memories.

Ted has brain damage after an accident. Although he can clearly remember everything from before the accident, he forgets what people are saying to him within a few minutes. Ted is Most likely experiencing

Your friend starts talking about a new puppy that she just rescued. This discussion activates your knowledge about dogs. Since this knowledge is maintained in long-term storage in a network of associations, when you hear about her new puppy

After a plane crash, Shera wakes up in a hospital and can remember everything about her life prior to the crash. However, every time her doctor visits, she believes she has never met him Before. Based on this information, the doctor will most likely diagnose Shera with

According to the idea that information is held in long-term storage in networks of associations, each unit of information in the network is a(n)

After falling off your horse, you seem to have lost all memory of the past three years of your life. Based on this symptom, the doctor will most likely diagnose you with

George has to recall the names of the first 20 presidents of the United States for his history test. According to the levels of processing model of memory, to remember the most names, George should

If someone says the word doctor, it may trigger a memory of your last trip to the doctor, or it may bring to mind other concepts related to doctors, such as an examination room Or a stethoscope. The ________ model of memory best explains this fact.

The type of memory that is associated with the conscious recollection of previous experiences is referred to as ________ memory.

Which of the following is a type of explicit memory?

Yolanda has a brain tumor. As the tumor gets bigger, Yolanda can no longer form new memories in long-term storage. Yolanda most likely has ________ amnesia.