Question 1

Drug­addicted parents may contribute to their child's drug use by
A) failing to monitor the child's behavior.
B) making drugs available to child.
C) creating an environment where peers use drugs.
D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Drug­addicted parents may contribute to their child's...

Question 2

Which of the following drugs is known to have an anxiolytic (anxiety-relieving) effect?
A) Methamphetamine
B) Alcohol
C) Caffeine
D) LSD

Accepted Answer

Alcohol is a known depressant that has an anxiolytic effect on individuals, particularly in low doses. Methamphetamine, caffeine, and LSD are stimulants and hallucinogens that can actually increase anxiety and cause panic attacks.

Question 3

The drug called Antabuse helps people abstain from drinking alcohol by
A) causing alcoholic drinks to taste bitter.
B) disrupting breakdown of a byproduct of alcohol, leading to feelings of illness.
C) making people allergic to alcohol.
D) reducing the pleasurable feelings that are associated with alcohol.

Accepted Answer

Antabuse works by inhibiting the breakdown of acetaldehyde, a byproduct of alcohol metabolism. This results in a buildup of acetaldehyde in the body, leading to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and headache. This punishment can deter alcohol consumption and helps people maintain sobriety.

Question 4

Substance abuse can be seen from either a biological or a psychosocial perspective. For example, the condemnation of drug abuse as an official sin by the Catholic Church is an example of .
A) the moral weakness model
B) the disease model of dependence
C) the AA model of drug dependency
D) a 12-step program

Accepted Answer

The condemnation of drug abuse by the Catholic Church as a sin is an example of the moral weakness model, which views addiction as a result of moral or character flaws in the individual. This perspective is more focused on the individual's behavior and choices rather than on biological or environmental factors that may contribute to addiction.

Question 5

An individual with alcoholism who is highly motivated to stop drinking and who understands the possibly severe consequences of treatment may be prescribed the drug called Antabuse. This medication is an example of an treatment for alcoholism.
A) agonist (substitution)
B) antagonist
C) aversive
D) 12-step

Accepted Answer

Antabuse (disulfiram) is a medication that causes unpleasant symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and headaches when alcohol is consumed. This effectively creates an aversion to drinking alcohol and can be a helpful tool in promoting abstinence for individuals with alcoholism who are motivated to stop drinking. Therefore, Antabuse is an example of an aversive treatment for alcoholism.

Question 6

In a study involving the sons of alcoholics who were at high risk themselves for developing alcoholism, it was found that
A) they were less sensitive to the positive effects of alcohol when it was first ingested.
B) they were more sensitive to the negative effects of alcohol after a few hours.
C) both of these
D) neither of these

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that sons of alcoholics, who are at higher risk of developing alcoholism themselves, tend to be more sensitive to the positive effects of alcohol and less sensitive to its negative effects, contrary to the options provided.

Question 7

The opiate-antagonist naltrexone is a treatment for substance abuse that works by
A) substituting a chemically similar drug for the addictive drug.
B) both counteracting the effects of opiates and producing withdrawal symptoms.
C) producing a cross-tolerance effect in a drug user.
D) producing only a temporary euphoric effect if opiates continue to be used.

Accepted Answer

Naltrexone works as an opiate-antagonist by both counteracting the effects of opiates and producing withdrawal symptoms. It blocks the opiate receptors in the brain, preventing the pleasurable effects of opiates and also induces the unpleasant symptoms of withdrawal. By doing so, it is able to reduce cravings and prevent relapse in individuals with opioid dependence. It does not substitute a chemically similar drug, produce a cross-tolerance effect, or produce a temporary euphoric effect if opiates continue to be used.

Question 8

Which of the following are examples of agonist types of treatment for substance abuse?
A) The use of methadone to treat heroin addiction
B) A nicotine patch or nicotine gum to treat addiction to cigarette smoking
C) Both of these
D) Neither of these

Accepted Answer

Methadone is a synthetic opioid that is used to manage withdrawal symptoms and cravings in individuals addicted to heroin or other opioids. It is an agonist treatment because it activates the same receptors in the brain as heroin and other opioids, but produces a milder effect and does not produce the same "high". Similarly, nicotine replacement therapy using patches or gum is an agonist treatment for cigarette smoking because it provides the body with a small amount of nicotine to reduce withdrawal symptoms and cravings.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement about Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)?
A) AA is clearly an effective treatment for some people with alcohol dependence.
B) More than 9% of the adult population of the United States has attended an AA meeting.
C) AA advocates controlled drinking in which former alcoholics can become social drinkers.
D) It is difficult to conduct accurate research on AA because participation is anonymous.

Accepted Answer

AA does not advocate controlled drinking, but rather complete abstinence from alcohol. The concept of controlled drinking is not supported by AA's philosophy or approach to recovery.

Question 10

Research examining the expectations that kids in grades 7 through 11 have about drinking alcohol revealed that some of the students begin drinking because they think it will have positive effects on their social behavior and cognitive and motor skills, a phenomenon called
A) alcoholic myopia.
B) an expectancy effect.
C) opponent-process theory.
D) regressive alcoholism.

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon described in the question is called an expectancy effect, which refers to the idea that people's beliefs about the effects of alcohol can influence their behavior around drinking. Alcoholic myopia describes how alcohol can narrow a person's focus, potentially leading to risky behavior, while opponent-process theory suggests that people drink to counteract negative effects of alcohol, such as stress or anxiety. Regressive alcoholism is not a recognized term in the field.

Question 11

Many individuals use drugs as negative reinforcement to escape from the unpleasantness (pain, stress, anxiety) in their lives. This phenomenon is called all of the following EXCEPT .
A) self-medication
B) tension reduction
C) controlled dosing
D) negative affect

Accepted Answer

Self-medication, tension reduction, and negative affect are all commonly used terms to describe the phenomenon of using drugs as a coping mechanism for unpleasant stimuli. Controlled dosing, however, is not typically associated with this behavior and is therefore the exception among the options presented.

Question 12

The brain's tendency to reorganize by forming new neural connections is called .
A) neuroplasticity
B) neuroelasticity
C) neuroconsolidation
D) neurogenesis

Accepted Answer

The term for the brain's ability to reorganize and form new neural connections is neuroplasticity. This allows the brain to adapt to changes in the environment, learn new skills, and recover from injury or damage. Neuroelasticity and neuroconsolidation are not commonly used terms in the field of neuroscience. Neurogenesis refers specifically to the process of generating new neurons in certain regions of the brain.

Question 13

The disease model of dependence
A) assumes that dependence is caused by a psychological disorder.
B) assumes that dependence is caused by an underlying physiological disorder.
C) is a psychosocial perspective.
D) assumes that dependence is a failure of self-control.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The disease model of dependence
A) assumes that...

Question 14

Research on changes in Korean drug use patterns suggests that
A) cultural norms can override biological factors that inhibit alcohol use.
B) cultural norms cannot override biological factors that inhibit alcohol use.
C) personality factors contribute to substance use.
D) all of these

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research on changes in Korean drug use...

Question 15

In a laboratory research study involving "drug addiction" in animals, it was demonstrated that the positive reinforcing effect of drugs was
A) biological only.
B) tied to social and cultural influences.
C) free from social and cultural influences.
D) biological, social, and cultural.

Accepted Answer

The study demonstrated that the positive reinforcing effect of drugs was free from social and cultural influences, suggesting a purely biological factor at play in drug addiction.

Question 16

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the opponent-process explanation of drug addiction?
A) An increase in positive feelings will be followed by an increase in negative feelings
B) An increase in negative feelings will be followed by an increase in positive feelings
C) Both of these
D) Neither of these

Accepted Answer

The opponent-process theory suggests that an increase in positive feelings due to drug use will be followed by an increase in negative feelings, and vice versa, which explains the cycle of addiction as individuals seek to avoid the negative feelings by using the drug again.

Question 17

The integration of both positive and negative reinforcement in explaining why the "crash" that follows the initial euphoria of drug use is not a deterrent to further drug use is called
A) the opponent-process theory.
B) amotivational syndrome.
C) substance induced myopia.
D) an expectancy effect.

Accepted Answer

The opponent-process theory suggests that drug use triggers both a positive euphoric response and a negative aftereffect, which is a "crash" or withdrawal symptoms. However, over time the positive response may weaken while the negative response becomes stronger, leading individuals to use drugs again to avoid the negative aftereffect. This integration of both positive and negative reinforcement could explain why the "crash" is not a deterrent to further drug use.

Question 18

In trying to understand why some people continue to use drugs until they become dependent on them and others are able to stop before this happens, it is important to consider
A) how sensitive a person is to both the negative effects of alcohol when it is first ingested and to the negative effects of alcohol after a few hours.
B) how sensitive a person is to the positive effects of alcohol when it is first ingested and to the negative effects after a few hours.
C) how sensitive a person is to the negative effects of alcohol when it is first ingested and to the positive effects a few hours later.
D) how sensitive a person is to the positive effects of alcohol when it is first ingested and to the positive effects a few hours later.

Accepted Answer

Sensitivity to the positive effects of alcohol upon first ingestion can increase the likelihood of continued use, while sensitivity to the negative effects after a few hours can influence a person's decision to stop using. This combination of sensitivities can play a crucial role in determining why some individuals become dependent on substances like alcohol, while others do not.

Question 19

Cravings seem to be exacerbated by
A) the availability of drugs.
B) specific moods.
C) places and objects associated with drug taking.
D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

Cravings can be triggered by various factors, such as the availability of drugs, specific moods, and places and objects associated with drug taking. Therefore, all of the above (A, B, and C) can exacerbate cravings.

Question 20

Expectancies about alcohol use
A) start before people even start drinking.
B) predict who will later have drinking problems.
C) change over time and alcohol use.
D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

Expectancies about alcohol use begin before people start drinking and are influenced by social and cultural factors. These expectancies can predict who will develop drinking problems later on. Additionally, one's expectancies about alcohol use can change as they continue to use alcohol, potentially leading to increased alcohol consumption and related problems.

Quiz 11: Substance-Related, Addictive and Impulse-Control Disorders

Drugaddicted parents may contribute to their child's drug use by

Which of the following drugs is known to have an anxiolytic (anxiety-relieving) effect?

The drug called Antabuse helps people abstain from drinking alcohol by

Substance abuse can be seen from either a biological or a psychosocial perspective. For example, the condemnation of drug abuse as an official sin by the Catholic Church is an example of .

An individual with alcoholism who is highly motivated to stop drinking and who understands the possibly severe consequences of treatment may be prescribed the drug called Antabuse. This medication is an example of an treatment for alcoholism.

In a study involving the sons of alcoholics who were at high risk themselves for developing alcoholism, it was found that

The opiate-antagonist naltrexone is a treatment for substance abuse that works by

Which of the following are examples of agonist types of treatment for substance abuse?

Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement about Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) ?

Research examining the expectations that kids in grades 7 through 11 have about drinking alcohol revealed that some of the students begin drinking because they think it will have positive effects on their social behavior and cognitive and motor skills, a phenomenon called

Many individuals use drugs as negative reinforcement to escape from the unpleasantness (pain, stress, anxiety) in their lives. This phenomenon is called all of the following EXCEPT .

The brain's tendency to reorganize by forming new neural connections is called .

The disease model of dependence

Research on changes in Korean drug use patterns suggests that

In a laboratory research study involving "drug addiction" in animals, it was demonstrated that the positive reinforcing effect of drugs was

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the opponent-process explanation of drug addiction?

The integration of both positive and negative reinforcement in explaining why the "crash" that follows the initial euphoria of drug use is not a deterrent to further drug use is called

In trying to understand why some people continue to use drugs until they become dependent on them and others are able to stop before this happens, it is important to consider

Cravings seem to be exacerbated by

Expectancies about alcohol use