Question 1

Identify the following biomolecules.

Accepted Answer

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Question 2

Identify the following functional groups.

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Question 3

What process describes using mRNA templates to produce proteins?

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Question 4

Cell signaling and cell membranes are examples of functions performed by which biomolecule?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids are a type of lipid that make up cell membranes and play a role in cell signaling. Amino acids make up proteins, nucleotides make up DNA and RNA, and simple sugars are a type of carbohydrate.

Question 5

Enzymes and chromosome are found where in the bacterial cell?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are found in the cytoplasm where they catalyze various metabolic processes. Chromosomes, which carry genetic information, are also located in the cytoplasm of bacteria, specifically within a region called the nucleoid, but since the nucleoid is not membrane-bound, it is considered part of the cytoplasm.

Question 6

The function of chloroplasts in plant cells is to convert

Accepted Answer

Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells that contain pigments such as chlorophyll. These pigments absorb light energy from the sun and convert it into chemical energy through a process called photosynthesis. Therefore, the function of chloroplasts in plant cells is to convert light energy into chemical energy, making option C the correct answer.

Question 7

Proteins are a polymer of __________, whereas nucleic acids are polymers of _.

Accepted Answer

Proteins are composed of amino acid monomers, while nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotide monomers. Choice A is incorrect because fatty acid esters are not monomers of proteins or nucleic acids. Choice B is incorrect because nucleotides are the monomers of nucleic acids, not amino acids. Choice D is incorrect because while sugars are monomers of carbohydrates, they are not the monomers of either proteins or nucleic acids.

Question 8

What process replicates DNA to make more DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication is the process by which DNA is replicated to make more DNA. It is the process by which a copy of the DNA sequence is made. DNA transcription is the process by which DNA is used as a template to create RNA. DNA translation is the process by which the sequence of mRNA is used to make proteins. RNA transcription is the process by which RNA is created from DNA.

Question 9

List three examples of how biochemistry has made advancements in the lives of many humans.

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Question 10

Triacylglycerols are neutral molecules made of

Accepted Answer

Triacylglycerols are composed of three fatty acid molecules joined to a glycerol molecule by ester bonds.

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct formula for glucose?

Accepted Answer

The correct chemical formula for glucose is C₆H₁₂O₆.

Question 12

What process converts DNA to RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA transcription is the process by which DNA is converted into RNA. During transcription, an enzyme called RNA polymerase reads the DNA sequence and synthesizes a complementary RNA molecule. This RNA molecule can then be used as a template for protein synthesis in a process called translation. DNA replication, on the other hand, is the process by which DNA is copied prior to cell division. RNA transcription is a type of transcription, not a separate process. DNA translation is not a valid process as DNA cannot be directly converted into protein.

Question 13

Cyclic pathways contain several metabolites that regenerate during each turn of the cycle. Another way to describe a metabolite is that it functions as a

Accepted Answer

Metabolites function as reactants and/or products in metabolic pathways.

Question 14

ATP is an abbreviation for which energy currency molecule?

Accepted Answer

ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate, which is the primary energy currency molecule used by cells to power cellular processes. B is incorrect because thymine is a nitrogenous base found in DNA, but not in ATP. C is incorrect because adenosine dinucleotide is a different molecule that is used in energy transfer reactions, but it is not the primary energy currency molecule. D is incorrect because there is no such thing as amino triphosphate - it is adenosine triphosphate that is the correct answer.

Question 15

The figure below shows an example of which functional group?

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Question 16

Which six elements make up 97% of the weight of most organisms?

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Question 17

What is another way to describe the amphipathic nature of a fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

Amphipathic means having both polar and nonpolar regions. In the case of a fatty acid, the polar head is the carboxyl group (COOH) and the nonpolar tail is the hydrocarbon chain.

Question 18

What are the three biochemical principles that together provide a framework for understanding life at the molecular level? How are they interrelated?

Accepted Answer

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Question 19

Vitamin B₂ is a metabolite. Lack of vitamin B₂ can lead to blurred vision and a swollen tongue. Vitamin B₂ has such a strong effect on health because metabolites

Accepted Answer

Metabolites are molecules that are involved in the chemical reactions that maintain the body's processes, including those that create energy from food, build and repair tissues, and eliminate waste. Vitamin B₂ is a metabolite that plays a crucial role in the synthesis of DNA and the proper functioning of the nervous system. Its deficiency can lead to serious health problems, including nerve damage, anemia, and birth defects. Thus, the best choice would be A as it correctly explains the role of metabolites in driving biochemical reactions necessary for life-sustaining processes.

Question 20

What does chromatin in eukaryotic nucleus contain?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin in eukaryotic nucleus contains DNA packaged with proteins, specifically histones. This packaging allows for the efficient storage and organization of genetic material within the nucleus.

Quiz 1: Principles of Biochemistry