Question 1

Studies on the relationship between self-consciousness and attitudes suggest that while making a decision,if you are suddenly induced to feel self-conscious,you will be more likely to
A)take action that is consistent with your attitudes.
B)take action that is inconsistent with your attitudes.
C)momentarily forget and fail to act on your attitudes.
D)be more vulnerable to external influences on your attitudes.

Accepted Answer

Studies suggest that when people feel self-conscious, they are more likely to act in accordance with their attitudes, as they are more aware of their behavior and want to be consistent with their self-image.

Question 2

When the measured attitude is general and the behaviour is very specific,we _________ expect a close correspondence between words and actions.Attitudes _______ predict behaviour in 26 studies in which the measured attitude was directly pertinent to the situation.
A)should; did not
B)should not; did
C)should not; did not
D)should; did

Accepted Answer

When attitudes are general and behaviors are specific, there is often a discrepancy between what people say and what they do, hence we should not expect a close correspondence. However, when attitudes measured are directly relevant to the situation, they are more likely to predict behavior accurately, as was found in 26 studies.

Question 3

Our attitudes do not predict our actions when
A)other influences on our actions are minimized.
B)the attitude involved is specifically about the action.
C)we are conscious of our attitudes as we act.
D)We do not have strong attitudes about the action.

Accepted Answer

When we do not have strong attitudes about the action, our attitudes are less likely to predict our actions because the lack of intensity or commitment to the attitude makes it less influential in guiding behavior.

Question 4

The possible conditions under which attitudes will predict behaviour are:
A)When we maximize other influences on our attitude statements and our behaviour.
B)When the attitude is not relevant to the observed behaviour.
C)When the attitude is potent.
D)When the attitude is weak and not on one's mind.

Accepted Answer

When the attitude is potent or strong, it is more likely to predict behaviour. This is because strong attitudes are more stable and consistent over time, and they have a greater impact on our decisions and actions. When attitudes are weak or not on our mind, they are less likely to influence our behaviour. Additionally, irrelevant attitudes and maximizing other influences on our attitude statements and behaviour can weaken the link between attitudes and behaviour.

Question 5

You've just been promoted to the role of supervisor at work.You feel awkward and uncomfortable in your new position.Research on role-playing suggests that
A)this discomfort will increase over time.
B)others will not treat you fairly in your new position.
C)over time you will get comfortable with your new role.
D)your attitude and feelings toward your new role will not change over time.

Accepted Answer

Research on role-playing shows that over time, individuals become more comfortable in their new role as they gain experience and confidence. Therefore, it is likely that the discomfort and awkwardness that the individual initially feels will dissipate over time.

Question 6

The effects of an attitude on behaviour become more apparent when we look at a person's average behaviour over time.This fact describes
A)the principle of aggregation.
B)regression toward the average.
C)the principle of information integration.
D)the principle of reciprocal averages.

Accepted Answer

The principle of aggregation refers to the fact that attitudes are more likely to predict behaviour when we average across a number of different situations. This is because a person's behaviour in any given situation may be affected by many factors other than their attitude, such as social norms or situational constraints. By looking at a person's average behaviour over time, we can get a better sense of how their overall attitude shapes their actions.

Question 7

James is a Caucasian male who is involved in a study that is testing racial attitudes.He has been overtly asked what his attitudes about Aboriginal populations are,and then given a reaction time test where he has to select positive words that correspond to Aboriginal or Caucasian faces.This latter test is an example of what method of assessing racial attitudes?
A)bona fide pipeline
B)bogus pipeline
C)implicit association test
D)reactive attitude test

Accepted Answer

The test described in the scenario, where participants are asked to select positive words that correspond to faces of different races, is an example of the implicit association test (IAT). The IAT is designed to measure implicit, or unconscious, biases or attitudes that people may have towards different races, genders, or other social identities. The other options, such as bona fide and reactive attitude tests, are not specific to measuring racial attitudes and do not involve the same type of reaction time task as the IAT. The bogus pipeline test is a type of lie detection test that is not relevant to measuring racial attitudes.

Question 8

Attitudes are more potent when
A)they are acquired from our parents.
B)they are acquired as a result of direct experience with the attitude object.
C)when there is no self-consciousness involved.
D)the attitude is general and the behaviour is specific.

Accepted Answer

Attitudes that are formed through direct experience with the attitude object tend to be more potent, because they are based on personal, firsthand knowledge and are more likely to influence behavior. Attitudes acquired from parents or other social influences may be weaker or less influential because they are not based on personal experience.

Question 9

Zanna and Pack found that gender roles ___________ our actions.
A)shape
B)don't affect
C)and sexuality do not affect
D)and social status impact

Accepted Answer

Zanna and Pack's finding suggests that gender roles have an impact on our actions, meaning they shape the way we behave based on societal expectations of what it means to be male or female.

Question 10

One prominent role given to us by our society is our __________.
A)sexuality.
B)gender.
C)personality.
D)temperament.

Accepted Answer

Gender is a socially constructed concept that assigns certain roles, expectations, and behaviors to individuals based on their sex. It is a prominent role given to us by society and plays a significant role in how we interact with others and how we are perceived by society as a whole. Sexuality, personality, and temperament are also important aspects of our identities, but they are not necessarily assigned to us by society in the same way that gender is.

Question 11

A lesson of role-playing studies is that
A)participants do not take them seriously.
B)what is unreal can evolve into what is real.
C)the results do not generalize the real world.
D)it is always unethical.

Accepted Answer

Role-playing studies have shown that what is initially perceived as unreal can later influence and shape real-world behavior and attitudes. This phenomenon is known as "psychological immersion."

Question 12

Jack is tempted to shoplift an expensive camera even though he has a negative attitude about shoplifting.Jack is least likely to steal the camera if
A)his negative attitude about shoplifting was learned from his teachers.
B)he notices there are few customers in the store.
C)he carefully looks at himself in a mirror.
D)he has recently shoplifted items from other stores.

Accepted Answer

Looking at himself in a mirror may remind Jack of his personal values and beliefs, making him less likely to act on the temptation to shoplift. A negative attitude about shoplifting learned from teachers may be a factor, but it is not the best choice as it does not consider the immediate situation. The number of customers in the store or Jack's previous shoplifting behavior could potentially influence his decision, but they are not the most relevant factors in this scenario.

Question 13

Compared to attitudes formed passively,those forged in the fire of experience are more
A)unstable.
B)less thoughtful.
C)more resistant to attack.
D)more difficult to express verbally.

Accepted Answer

Attitudes formed through experience are often more deeply entrenched because they are associated with personal memories and emotions, making them more resistant to attack when challenged by others.

Question 14

Snyder and Swann asked male students to act as jurors in a sex discrimination case.The men's previously recorded attitudes ended up predicting their verdicts only if they
A)recorded their verdicts in writing.
B)were first instructed to recall their attitudes.
C)were asked to decide quickly and impulsively.
D)first discussed their opinions with the rest of the group.

Accepted Answer

The study found that the men's previously recorded attitudes only predicted their verdicts if they were first instructed to recall their attitudes, suggesting that conscious awareness and consideration of their attitudes played a role in their decision-making.

Question 15

According to the theory of planned behaviour,one's attitude,perceived social norms,and ______ together determine one's intentions,which guide behaviour.
A)motivations
B)perceptions
C)feelings of control
D)judgment

Accepted Answer

According to the theory of planned behaviour, one's attitude, perceived social norms, and feelings of control together determine one's intentions, which guide behaviour. Therefore, the missing term in the equation is feelings of control.

Question 16

You are hosting a Weight Watchers party for people who have reached their goal weight.You want to provide tasty snacks,but you don't want to encourage over-eating either.How could you arrange things to help your friends eat sensibly,in accord with their new attitudes toward eating?
A)Put the food in the kitchen,away from the main flow of people.
B)Spread the food out all over the house,on individual trays.
C)Put the food on a table that is placed directly underneath your large wall mirror in the dining room.
D)Encourage portion-control.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You are hosting a Weight Watchers party...

Question 17

Alice wonders if Justin really likes her.Since his behaviour toward her may be the result of other factors besides his real attitude,the best way for her to measure his true attitude is to
A)observe his average treatment of her over time.
B)see whether he invites her to a party this weekend.
C)notice how close he sits to her in psychology class.
D)observe his reaction to the question,"Don't you like me?"

Accepted Answer

Observing his average treatment of her over time will give Alice a more accurate understanding of Justin's attitude toward her compared to a single event or moment. This allows for a better assessment of his consistent behavior towards her over time.

Question 18

If your goal was to increase recycling of aluminum cans through persuasion,it would be best to argue
A)for the need to protect and preserve global resources.
B)for the personal benefit of doing one's part.
C)for the benefits of recycling.
D)for the long-term dangers to the environment if we don't recycle all recyclable products.

Accepted Answer

Arguing for the benefits of recycling is the most effective way to persuade individuals to recycle. People are often motivated by personal gain, so highlighting the benefits of recycling, such as reducing waste and saving energy, can encourage individuals to recycle aluminum cans. Additionally, emphasizing the positive impact of recycling on the environment can also be a convincing argument.

Question 19

If you want to increase the potency of your attitude toward helping the homeless,one of the most effective things you could do is
A)read about the problem of homelessness.
B)help out regularly at the local homeless shelter.
C)listen to inspirational tapes on the topic of helping the needy.
D)collect information on what other people in the community have done towards helping homeless individuals.

Accepted Answer

Helping out regularly at the local homeless shelter is the best choice as it allows you to directly interact with the homeless population and understand their struggles. It also gives you a sense of fulfillment and purpose as you actively contribute to improving their lives. Reading and collecting information are good options, but they are not as impactful as taking action and being directly involved. Listening to inspirational tapes can be motivating, but it does not necessarily translate into action.

Question 20

The term ________ refers to prescribed actions expected of those who occupy a particular social position.
A)constellation
B)intentions
C)role
D)status

Accepted Answer

The term "role" refers to the expected actions, behaviors, and responsibilities of individuals who hold a particular social position. Constellation refers to a group of stars, intentions refer to plans or goals, and status refers to a person's relative position in a social hierarchy.

Quiz 4: Behaviour and Attitudes

Studies on the relationship between self-consciousness and attitudes suggest that while making a decision,if you are suddenly induced to feel self-conscious,you will be more likely to

When the measured attitude is general and the behaviour is very specific,we ___ expect a close correspondence between words and actions.Attitudes _ predict behaviour in 26 studies in which the measured attitude was directly pertinent to the situation.

Our attitudes do not predict our actions when

The possible conditions under which attitudes will predict behaviour are:

You've just been promoted to the role of supervisor at work.You feel awkward and uncomfortable in your new position.Research on role-playing suggests that

The effects of an attitude on behaviour become more apparent when we look at a person's average behaviour over time.This fact describes

Attitudes are more potent when

Zanna and Pack found that gender roles ___________ our actions.

One prominent role given to us by our society is our __________.

A lesson of role-playing studies is that

Jack is tempted to shoplift an expensive camera even though he has a negative attitude about shoplifting.Jack is least likely to steal the camera if

Compared to attitudes formed passively,those forged in the fire of experience are more

Snyder and Swann asked male students to act as jurors in a sex discrimination case.The men's previously recorded attitudes ended up predicting their verdicts only if they

According to the theory of planned behaviour,one's attitude,perceived social norms,and ______ together determine one's intentions,which guide behaviour.

You are hosting a Weight Watchers party for people who have reached their goal weight.You want to provide tasty snacks,but you don't want to encourage over-eating either.How could you arrange things to help your friends eat sensibly,in accord with their new attitudes toward eating?

Alice wonders if Justin really likes her.Since his behaviour toward her may be the result of other factors besides his real attitude,the best way for her to measure his true attitude is to

If your goal was to increase recycling of aluminum cans through persuasion,it would be best to argue

If you want to increase the potency of your attitude toward helping the homeless,one of the most effective things you could do is

The term ________ refers to prescribed actions expected of those who occupy a particular social position.