Question 1

A common excuse for non-cooperation is,

Accepted Answer

This excuse implies a sense of helplessness and resignation, which is unproductive and disempowering. It is important to recognize that even small actions can make a difference, and everyone has the potential to contribute to a positive outcome.

Question 2

Deciding not to do something that you want to do would help to solve a social problem.But the decrease in the social problem would be so very tiny that it's tempting for you to just go ahead and do it anyway.This is an example of the concept of

Accepted Answer

This scenario is an example of "the tragedy of the commons," where individuals acting in their own self-interest deplete or spoil shared resources, even though it's against the long-term common good.

Question 3

In real life,which of the following does NOT parallel the tragedy of the commons?

Accepted Answer

Taking quick showers does not parallel the tragedy of the commons because it is an individual action that does not affect the common resource. The tragedy of the commons refers to the depletion or degradation of a shared resource due to the self-interest of individuals or groups. The other choices all involve the overuse or misuse of resources that are shared by a larger community or society.

Question 4

The Prisoner's Dilemma and the Tragedy of the Commons are examples of

Accepted Answer

Both the Prisoner's Dilemma and the Tragedy of the Commons are examples of non-zero-sum games, where one participant's gain does not necessarily result in another participant's loss. In these situations, cooperation between participants can lead to mutually beneficial outcomes, while competition may lead to a suboptimal outcome for both parties.

Question 5

Dean and Mary have been saving money since they got married.Now Dean wants to buy a new car,but Mary wants to continue saving for a new house.Dean and Mary

Accepted Answer

Dean and Mary are experiencing conflict because they have different goals and desires for their savings. They are not experiencing dissonance, as dissonance refers to the uncomfortable feeling caused by holding conflicting beliefs or values. Mirror-image perceptions refer to the reciprocal views of each other held by individuals or groups in a conflict, which does not appear to be the case here. Developing superordinate goals would involve finding a common goal that both Dean and Mary could work towards, which isn't mentioned as an option in this scenario.

Question 6

According to your text,in its most positive sense genuine peace is

Accepted Answer

The text states that genuine peace is "more than a tense, fragile, surface calmness." Therefore, option B is the best choice. The other options are either not mentioned in the text or are presented as negative definitions of peace.

Question 7

In the tragedy of the commons,the "commons" refers to

Accepted Answer

The tragedy of the commons is a concept that refers to the depletion or degradation of a shared resource, such as fisheries or grazing lands, due to individual self-interest and lack of regulation. The "commons" refers to any jointly used, finite resource, and not disputed territory, stolen goods, or private property that changes ownership.

Question 8

Billie and Tom used to have occasional conflicts in their relationship.Five years later,they have grown apart.They still disagree occasionally,but they don't bother to argue about anything.This illustrates

Accepted Answer

Conflict can indicate that individuals are invested in a relationship and care enough to engage in disagreements. In the case of Billie and Tom, their lack of arguing over time suggests a decrease in their investment in the relationship, illustrating that when they did argue, it was a sign they cared.

Question 9

In research on social dilemmas,it has been found that

Accepted Answer

Research on social dilemmas has shown that group discussion can lead to greater cooperation and better outcomes for all participants. This is because group discussion facilitates communication and promotes a shared understanding of goals and perspectives, which can lead to the development of more cooperative strategies for achieving those goals. In contrast, group discussion does not typically lead to escalated conflict and tension, as this would be counterproductive to achieving the desired outcomes. However, there is some evidence to suggest that group discussion may polarize competitive tendencies in some cases, which could be detrimental to achieving optimal outcomes.

Question 10

In the commons dilemma people often consume more than they realize when

Accepted Answer

When resources are not partitioned, individuals do not have designated portions which means they can consume as much as they want. This often leads to overconsumption and depletion of the resource, as each person is motivated by their own self-interest.

Question 11

In the Prisoner's Dilemma,taking the non-cooperative strategy of confession leads to a worse outcome if the other person ________________.

Accepted Answer

Confessing leads to a worse outcome only if the other person chooses not to confess. However, if both confess, they both receive a lesser punishment than if only one confesses. Therefore, the best choice would be to confess, assuming that the other person chooses to confess as well.

Question 12

In which of the following groups are individuals LEAST likely to take more than their share of resources?

Accepted Answer

In a small neighborhood of 8 families, individuals are less likely to take more than their share of resources because they are likely to know and interact with each other frequently, which creates a sense of community and accountability. In larger groups like a class or a crowd, anonymity and a lack of personal connection may lead to a greater likelihood of individuals taking more than their fair share. In a city block, there may be a mix of both factors depending on the level of community within the block.

Question 13

Facing the recurring dilemma of cookie-jar depletion within 24-hours of its being restocked,mom decides to do something to reduce this weekly tragedy of the commons.What strategy will be most effective in protecting the commons?

Accepted Answer

Giving each family member a set number of cookies per day and keeping the rest hidden helps to create a sense of individual responsibility and ownership over the commons. It also reduces the temptation for overconsumption and encourages moderation. Scolding and punishment are not effective long-term solutions and may only create resentment and a lack of cooperation. A complete boycott of cookies may be too extreme and may not address the root cause of the problem. A family meeting and discussion may be helpful in establishing clear expectations and finding solutions together, but alone it may not be effective in changing behavior.

Question 14

Four women share a small house.Molly and Sarah work from 8am to 5pm every day in an office.Sue and Margaret work from 5pm until 2am every night in a bar.There is a social dilemma regarding the hours during which the housemates must be quiet in order to allow the others to sleep.If all four women decide to communicate more with each other about the noise problem,which of the following is an unlikely outcome of this decision?

Accepted Answer

The decision to communicate more with each other about the noise problem is unlikely to result in increased conflict with the women's neighbors in the next house. The focus of the communication is about how to reduce noise in the house, not how to create conflict with the neighbors. Therefore, this outcome is unlikely. The other options are likely outcomes of increased communication, as it will promote cooperation, trust, and clarify expectations among the housemates.

Question 15

In both the Prisoner's Dilemma and the Commons Dilemma,people are tempted to explain their own behaviour ____________ and others' behaviour ____________.

Accepted Answer

In both dilemmas, people are usually more likely to explain their own behavior as being influenced by situational factors, while explaining others' behavior as being influenced by dispositional factors. This is due to the fundamental attribution error, a cognitive bias in which people tend to overemphasize dispositional explanations for others' behavior and situational explanations for their own behavior. Choice C accurately reflects this pattern of thinking.

Question 16

Despite official government warning of a severe water shortage,most citizens fail to conserve in the belief that their personal water consumption will have little effect on the community's total water supply.The eventual depletion of the community's water resources provides an example of

Accepted Answer

The situation described in the question is a classic example of the tragedy of the commons. This is a situation where individuals, acting in their self-interest, consume a shared resource (in this case, water) without regard for the long-term consequences. Each individual believes that their personal water consumption has little effect on the community's total water supply, but in reality, the cumulative effect of everyone's behavior leads to the eventual depletion of the water resources.

Question 17

Which of the following is true of peace?

Accepted Answer

Peace is not just the absence of conflict, but also the presence of positive relationships, cooperation and understanding.

Question 18

Conflict is defined as

Accepted Answer

Conflict is defined as a perceived incompatibility of actions or goals. It refers to a situation wherein two or more parties have different interests, goals, or values and these differences lead to disagreement, tension, and often hostility between them. Conflict arises when one party perceives that the other party's actions or goals are incompatible with their own interests or goals. This perception of incompatibility may be real or imagined, but it is the core of any conflict.

Question 19

Which of the following is not a feature of the Prisoner's Dilemma and Commons Dilemma?

Accepted Answer

The Prisoner's Dilemma and Commons Dilemma are characterized as non-zero-sum games, meaning that one party's wins do not necessarily equal the other party's losses, which contradicts choice A. Choices B, C, and D describe aspects that can occur within these dilemmas, but they do not contradict the fundamental nature of these games as being non-zero-sum.

Question 20

In the Prisoner's Dilemma,if both prisoners confess,each will __________; if neither confesses,each will __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the Prisoner's Dilemma,if both prisoners confess,each...

Quiz 13: Social Psychology in Conflict and Peacemaking