Question 1

Bystanders increase their helpfulness as they become more
A)self-aware.
B)depressed.
C)anxious.
D)self-accepting.

Accepted Answer

Research has found that increased self-awareness leads to increased helpfulness in bystanders, as they are more attuned to their own feelings and are therefore more likely to empathize with the victim and feel a sense of responsibility to take action. Depression and anxiety, on the other hand, can decrease a person's willingness to help. Self-acceptance may have some impact on willingness to help, but it is not as strong a factor as self-awareness.

Question 2

We are more likely to help those with similar beliefs to ourselves due to the
A)familiarity bias.
B)similarity bias.
C)credibility effect.
D)complementarity effect.

Accepted Answer

The similarity bias refers to the tendency of individuals to help those who are similar to themselves. This can include similarities in beliefs, values, culture, or other factors. People often feel more comfortable and connected to those who share their views and experiences, and therefore are more likely to extend help or support to such individuals.

Question 3

Foss (1978)found that
A)neophyte blood donors,unlike veterans,were usually there at someone's personal invitation.
B)neophyte blood donors,unlike veterans,were there even when uninvited.
C)neophyte blood donors,unlike veterans,were never there.
D)neophyte blood donors,unlike veterans,were always late in arriving.

Accepted Answer

Foss (1978) found that neophyte blood donors were usually there at someone's personal invitation, while veterans were more likely to donate without being personally invited. Therefore, option A is the correct choice. B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not reflect the findings of the study.

Question 4

Melissa sometimes fears that she will be assaulted when she is out alone at night.She makes a small joke and shares a smile with two female strangers while they are all waiting for the elevator in a parking garage late one night.Melissa may realize that
A)women are more likely than men to help a stranger who is in danger.
B)overcoming egoism is necessary to increase her feelings of personal safety.
C)even a trivial warm contact with a stranger increases the likelihood that a stranger will offer help if needed.
D)she might meet the women again and she wants them to accept the help she offers to them.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that even a small positive interaction, such as a smile or kind word, can increase the likelihood that a stranger will offer help if needed. This is known as the "bystander effect" and it suggests that people are more likely to help if they feel a sense of connection or empathy with the person in need. Option A is not necessarily true and there is no evidence to support option B. Option D is not relevant to the scenario described.

Question 5

In an enactment of the Good Samaritan situation,Darley and Batson studied the helpfulness of seminarians in order to assess whether helping behaviour is influenced by
A)religious education.
B)age differences.
C)social responsibility.
D)time pressures.

Accepted Answer

Darley and Batson's study on the Good Samaritan situation found that helping behavior was significantly influenced by time pressures. Seminarians who were in a hurry were less likely to stop and offer aid to a person in need, compared to those who were not under time pressure. This study highlighted the impact of situational factors, rather than personal or moral qualities, on helping behavior.

Question 6

Darley and Batson had seminary students think about a talk they were about to have recorded in an adjacent building.Participants who had been _________________ were most likely to stop and offer aid to a "victim" they encountered en route to the recording studio.
A)asked to talk about career opportunities
B)asked to talk about the Good Samaritan parable
C)given extra time to reach the studio
D)told they were already late in departing for the studio

Accepted Answer

Participants who were given extra time were less rushed and more likely to notice and help the "victim" they encountered, demonstrating the influence of situational factors on helping behavior.

Question 7

Gottlieb and Carver (1980)showed that
A)anything that personalizes bystanders increases willingness to help.
B)non-personalization increases willingness to help.
C)eye-contact decreases willingness to help.
D)stating one's name decreases willingness to help.

Accepted Answer

Gottlieb and Carver (1980) found that anything that personalizes bystanders increases the likelihood of them helping. This includes situations where the victim is known to the bystander, or when the bystander feels a sense of responsibility for the victim's well-being.

Question 8

Sarah,a university student who studies psychology,is most likely to help which of the following individuals?
A)Bill,a 60-year old politician.
B)Jane,a 14-year-old high-school drop-out.
C)Sarah,a 45-year old nurse.
D)Paul,a 24-year old construction worker.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sarah,a university student who studies psychology,is most...

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the relationship between gender and helping is true?
A)Male helpers are more likely to help female victims than male victims.
B)Female helpers are equally likely to help female and male victims.
C)Female helpers are more likely to help male victims than female victims.
D)Men more often help.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements about the...

Question 10

Research by Bickman and colleagues shows that
A)over-the-telephone comments substantially boosted reporting witnessed crimes.
B)face-to-face comments substantially boosted reporting witnessing crimes.
C)mail comments substantially boosted reporting witnessing crimes.
D)internet comments substantially boosted reporting witnessing crimes

Accepted Answer

Bickman and colleagues found that face-to-face comments substantially boosted reporting of witnessed crimes, while over-the-telephone, mail, and internet comments did not have as significant an impact.

Question 11

Sylvain has just started to attend a very large university.Walking across campus one day he sees a young man trying to carry too many heavy books.According to your text,Sylvain is most likely to help if
A)the man looks like another student rather than a professor.
B)the man is very attractive.
C)Sylvain is late for class.
D)the man is Sylvain's new next-door neighbour.

Accepted Answer

Sylvain is most likely to help if the man is someone he recognizes or has a personal connection with, such as his new next-door neighbor. This familiarity increases the likelihood of engaging in prosocial behavior.

Question 12

Who of the following is least likely to help an injured pedestrian?
A)Peter,who has just found $10 in a grocery store.
B)Anita,who is five minutes late for a committee meeting.
C)Carol,who has just lost a dollar bill in a poker game.
D)Ralph,who is five minutes early for work.

Accepted Answer

Anita is in a rush to attend a committee meeting and may prioritize being punctual over helping an injured pedestrian. The others do not have any urgency or conflicting priorities at the moment.

Question 13

Ben is trying to hitch-hike a ride into the city after his car broke down on the highway.He will have the most success in getting help from others if he
A)begs for a ride.
B)pretends that he is injured.
C)makes sure that the other driver knows that they will never see him again.
D)looks the driver directly in the eye.

Accepted Answer

Looking the driver directly in the eye shows confidence and honesty, which may make the driver more willing to give Ben a ride. Begging or pretending to be injured may come across as desperate or insincere, and telling the driver they will never see Ben again may make them less likely to want to help.

Question 14

According to the text,people in a hurry may be less willing to help because
A)they have weighed the costs of helping and have decided they are too high.
B)they never fully grasp the situation as one requiring their assistance.
C)they tend to be selfish and primarily concerned with meeting their own needs.
D)they tend to be in a negative mood state and therefore are less likely to help.

Accepted Answer

The text states that people in a hurry may not fully grasp the situation as one requiring their assistance, which suggests that they may not even realize someone needs help. It does not necessarily indicate that they have weighed the costs of helping or that they are inherently selfish. The text also does not mention anything about negative mood states affecting their willingness to help.

Question 15

Which of the following factors is likely to increase helping behaviour?
A)the presence of others who offer help
B)the presence of others who do nothing
C)time pressure
D)being non-religious

Accepted Answer

The presence of others who offer help is likely to increase helping behavior, as it can create a social norm of prosocial behavior and increase perceptions of responsibility to help.

Question 16

Preliminary indications of research on personality traits are that those high in ______________ are most likely to be concerned and helpful.
A)femininity,assertiveness,and dominance
B)emotionality,empathy,and self-efficacy
C)masculinity,sympathy,and nurturance
D)sensitivity,compassion,and introversion

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that individuals high in emotionality, empathy, and self-efficacy are more likely to exhibit concern and helpful behaviors. These traits are associated with the ability to understand and share the feelings of others (empathy) and a belief in one's ability to succeed (self-efficacy), both of which can motivate prosocial behavior.

Question 17

Confederates who were dressed both conservatively,and in counterculture garb,approached either "straight" or "hip" college students and asked for change to make a phone call.Results of this experiment confirmed a _______________ bias in helping.
A)familiarity
B)similarity
C)credibility
D)complementarity

Accepted Answer

The results of the experiment indicated that the college students were more likely to offer change to the Confederate who dressed similar to them (the similarity bias). This suggests that people are more likely to help those who they perceive to be similar to themselves.

Question 18

Circumstances that promote _______________ should also ___________ helping.
A)self-awareness; increase
B)honesty; increase
C)norms of reciprocity; decrease
D)guilt; decrease

Accepted Answer

Self-awareness promotes empathy and understanding towards others, which in turn increases the likelihood of helping. When we become more self-aware, we also become more attuned to the feelings and needs of those around us, leading us to be more likely to offer assistance when needed.

Question 19

The situation is an important factor in understanding altruism.In this way,altruism is like
A)the bystander effect.
B)conformity.
C)groupthink.
D)bottom-up processing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The situation is an important factor in...

Question 20

Research on the relationship between personality traits and helping behaviour reveals that
A)personality traits have little to no influence on helping.
B)the person and the situation interact to predict helping.
C)assertiveness strongly predicts helping across a variety of situations.
D)gender is the only person characteristic that predicts helping better than situational factors.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that the relationship between personality traits and helping behaviour is complex and often depends on the specific situation. While some traits like agreeableness and empathy may generally predict helping behaviour, the person and the situation interact to determine whether someone will actually help in a given scenario. This means that a person's personality traits can influence their likelihood of helping, but environmental factors and context also play an important role.

Quiz 8: Altruism: Helping Others

Bystanders increase their helpfulness as they become more

We are more likely to help those with similar beliefs to ourselves due to the

Foss (1978) found that

Melissa sometimes fears that she will be assaulted when she is out alone at night.She makes a small joke and shares a smile with two female strangers while they are all waiting for the elevator in a parking garage late one night.Melissa may realize that

In an enactment of the Good Samaritan situation,Darley and Batson studied the helpfulness of seminarians in order to assess whether helping behaviour is influenced by

Darley and Batson had seminary students think about a talk they were about to have recorded in an adjacent building.Participants who had been _________________ were most likely to stop and offer aid to a "victim" they encountered en route to the recording studio.

Gottlieb and Carver (1980) showed that

Sarah,a university student who studies psychology,is most likely to help which of the following individuals?

Which of the following statements about the relationship between gender and helping is true?

Research by Bickman and colleagues shows that

Sylvain has just started to attend a very large university.Walking across campus one day he sees a young man trying to carry too many heavy books.According to your text,Sylvain is most likely to help if

Who of the following is least likely to help an injured pedestrian?

Ben is trying to hitch-hike a ride into the city after his car broke down on the highway.He will have the most success in getting help from others if he

According to the text,people in a hurry may be less willing to help because

Which of the following factors is likely to increase helping behaviour?

Preliminary indications of research on personality traits are that those high in ______________ are most likely to be concerned and helpful.

Confederates who were dressed both conservatively,and in counterculture garb,approached either "straight" or "hip" college students and asked for change to make a phone call.Results of this experiment confirmed a _______________ bias in helping.

Circumstances that promote _____ should also _ helping.

The situation is an important factor in understanding altruism.In this way,altruism is like

Research on the relationship between personality traits and helping behaviour reveals that