Question 1

Sleep researchers use the term ________________ to collectively refer to sleep stages 1-4.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sleep researchers use the term ________________ to...

Question 2

Shateesh takes a moderate dose of a benzodiazepine. She is likely to experience

Accepted Answer

Benzodiazepines are known as anxiolytics, which means they reduce anxiety and panic by enhancing the effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that slows down the activity of the brain. Benzodiazepines can also cause sedation, which is why they are sometimes prescribed to help people sleep. However, they do not typically cause wakefulness, euphoria, or hallucinations.

Question 3

Young children sometimes experience ________________, which can cause them to wake from NREM sleep screaming.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Young children sometimes experience ________________, which can...

Question 4

Almost everyone has experienced __________________, the feeling that a situation has happened before, at least once.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Almost everyone has experienced __________________, the feeling...

Question 5

Alcohol has a(n) ______________ effect on the nervous system by _______________ the activity of GABA.

Accepted Answer

Alcohol has a depressing effect on the nervous system by facilitating the activity of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), which is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that reduces neuronal excitability.

Question 6

An EEG recording showing _________________ waves would indicate that subject is either in Stage 3 or 4 sleep.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An EEG recording showing _________________ waves would...

Question 7

According to your textbook, which of the following is a long-term effect associated with methamphetamine and ecstasy?

Accepted Answer

Methamphetamine and ecstasy both cause damage to the nerve cells that transmit dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, which can lead to long term issues with mood, memory, and movement. Both drugs can also cause permanent changes in brain chemistry, which can increase the risk of addiction and other mental health disorders. While there may be other long term effects associated with these drugs, damage to the brain's neurotransmitter systems is one of the most well-documented and significant.

Question 8

People who use methamphetamines chronically perform ______ on the Stroop task.

Accepted Answer

Chronic use of methamphetamines has been shown to lead to changes in brain structure and function, particularly in the frontal lobes. This can result in decreased activity in these regions and difficulties with inhibiting cognitive processes, as seen on the Stroop task. Therefore, people who use methamphetamines chronically tend to perform poorly on the Stroop task.

Question 9

According to the dissociation theory of hypnosis, a part of our consciousness called the ___________________ remains separate during hypnosis and silently watches.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the dissociation theory of hypnosis,...

Question 10

The _________________releases a hormone called melatonin, which is critical to maintaining the sleep-wake cycle.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _________________releases a hormone called melatonin, which...

Question 11

The need to take a drug in order to avoid withdrawal symptoms is called

Accepted Answer

The need to take a drug in order to avoid withdrawal symptoms is a sign of dependence. A person who is dependent on drugs may experience physical and psychological symptoms when they stop using the drug or try to reduce their dose. These symptoms are known as withdrawal symptoms, and they can be uncomfortable or even dangerous. Dependence often develops as a result of long-term drug use, and it can be a difficult and complex issue to overcome.

Question 12

Opiates bind to receptors for ____________________, which are neurotransmitters that reduce pain and produce pleasurable sensations. This explains why opiates have a similar effect.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Opiates bind to receptors for ____________________, which...

Question 13

Determining the nature of the relationship between cognitive impairment and the prolonged use of amphetamines can be difficult because

Accepted Answer

Correlational data can only show a relationship between two variables, but it cannot determine causation. Therefore, it is difficult to determine whether amphetamine use causes cognitive impairment or whether people with cognitive impairment are more likely to use amphetamines.

Question 14

Because barbiturates can fatally suppress breathing and heart rate at high doses, ____________________ are generally considered a safer alternative drug.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Because barbiturates can fatally suppress breathing and...

Question 15

A patient with severe brain injury would be diagnosed as being in a __________________ if all signs pointed to a complete loss of consciousness.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient with severe brain injury would...

Question 16

The phenomenon whereby higher doses of a drug are required to produce its original effects is

Accepted Answer

Tolerance refers to the need for higher doses of a drug to achieve the same effect as previously experienced with lower doses.

Question 17

Prescription drugs

Accepted Answer

According to various studies and surveys, prescription drugs are the second most commonly abused drug after marijuana.

Question 18

Which of the following is most likely to be associated with a sedative drug?

Accepted Answer

A sedative drug is typically used to induce calmness and relaxation in the user. It is not associated with feelings of excitement, increased energy, or wakefulness.

Question 19

After taking a drug for several years, Bruce decides to quit taking the drug. He begins to experience a variety of negative physical symptoms and a strong craving for the substance. What term is used to describe what Bruce is experiencing?

Accepted Answer

Bruce is experiencing symptoms of dependence, which is characterized by withdrawal symptoms and strong cravings after discontinuing drug use. Tolerance refers to needing larger doses of a drug over time to achieve the same effects, drug psychosis refers to a serious mental disorder resulting from drug use, and drug intoxication refers to the immediate effects of taking a drug.

Question 20

Compared to their peers who do not attend college, college students drink _______________ alcohol.

Accepted Answer

College students tend to drink significantly more alcohol compared to their peers who do not attend college. This is often attributed to the social and cultural aspects of college life that promote drinking behaviors.

Quiz 5: Consciousness