Question 1

Doni enters an elevator and stands in it facing the back instead of turning around to face the elevator door. Doni is violating

Accepted Answer

Standing facing the back in an elevator goes against the social norm of facing the elevator door. Gender role (A) and stereotypes (D) are not relevant in this scenario. The only relevant concept in this scenario is social norm (C), which is being violated by Doni.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of the phenomenon of costly signaling in action?

Accepted Answer

D

Question 3

______________ is a broad field of study that includes how individuals perceive and think about other people, as well as how the presence of other people can influence individuals' behaviors.

Accepted Answer

Social psychology is the study of how individuals perceive and think about other people, as well as how the presence of other people can influence individuals' behaviors. Sociology examines social structures, institutions, and their relationships with individuals and groups. Anthropology studies human societies and cultures. Social philosophy is a branch of philosophy that explores ethical and political questions related to society and its institutions. Therefore, social psychology is the best fit for the given description.

Question 4

The guidelines for how to behave in social contexts are called

Accepted Answer

Social norms are the guidelines for how to behave in social contexts, and they are often learned through observation and socialization. Social cognitions refer to the mental processes involved in perceiving, interpreting, and remembering social information, while social roles are the expected behaviors associated with a particular position or status in a group. Conformities refer to the pressure to conform to the norms of a group or society.

Question 5

Which of the following does not explain why social loafing may occur?

Accepted Answer

Social loafing occurs when individuals reduce their effort in a group task because they believe that their individual effort will not be recognized or rewarded due to the diffusion of responsibility in a group. However, the other group members' refusal to work with the individual is not a cause of social loafing, but rather a consequence of it.

Question 6

If you were raised in a culture of honor, you are most likely to _________:

Accepted Answer

In a culture of honor, revenge is seen as a legitimate way to restore one's reputation and it is often expected for individuals to take matters into their own hands. Therefore, being accepting of situations in which someone took revenge on another person would align with this cultural norm. Choices A and B are unlikely since avoiding aggressive acts and relying solely on the legal system would be viewed as weak and ineffective in a culture of honor. Choice C is too extreme and would likely lead to conflicts and disharmony within the community.

Question 7

The way we each affect the thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors of others and are, in turn, affected by others is the study of

Accepted Answer

Social psychology is the scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the presence of others. It is concerned with the way in which individuals perceive and interpret social situations and how they are affected by them. Sociology focuses more broadly on social structures and institutions, while anthropology looks at cultural differences and similarities across societies. Social philosophy is a branch of philosophy that examines the ethical and political implications of social institutions and interactions.

Question 8

While working on a group project in class, Dustin tries extra hard and volunteers to take on more work than the rest of the group. Based on this, fellow group members decide to slack off a little. Dustin's group is demonstrating _____.

Accepted Answer

The behavior of Dustin's group members, slacking off because they think Dustin will pick up their slack, is an example of social loafing. This phenomenon occurs when individuals reduce their effort when working in a group, believing that their individual contribution will not significantly impact the outcome.

Question 9

The concept of _____ explains why parents would risk their own lives to rescue one of their children.

Accepted Answer

Kin selection refers to the evolutionary strategy of helping relatives because it increases the likelihood of passing on shared genetic material. Parents would risk their own lives to rescue their children because they share genetic material with their offspring, and ensuring their survival increases the likelihood of their genes being passed on to the next generation.

Question 10

_____ occurs when an individual has two thoughts that are inconsistent with each other, creating a motivation to reduce the discrepancy.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive dissonance refers to the psychological discomfort experienced when holding conflicting beliefs, attitudes, or values. It creates a motivation to reduce the discrepancy and restore balance or consistency in one's thoughts and behaviors. This can lead to attitude or behavior change, rationalization, or other cognitive strategies to alleviate the discomfort. The other options are different social psychology phenomena that have distinct characteristics and outcomes.

Question 11

Society teaches that the value of helping goes beyond the benefits an individual might receive, and that individuals who cannot help themselves require special help. Based on _____, people feel compelled to help individuals who cannot help themselves such as the elderly and people with medical crises.

Accepted Answer

The statement is describing the social responsibility norm, which is the belief that individuals have a duty to help others who are in need and cannot help themselves. This norm is a societal expectation that is learned through socialization and is a motivating factor for individuals to assist those in need.

Question 12

Which of the following is a criticism of the Implicit Associations Test (IAT)?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that the IAT may be more related to familiarity with a stereotype rather than actual implicit prejudice, leading to criticism that it may not accurately measure implicit bias.

Question 13

What makes the central route to persuasion distinct from the peripheral route?

Accepted Answer

The central route to persuasion focuses on the content and quality of the arguments being presented, requiring information and the evaluation of options. The peripheral route is based on more superficial cues, such as the attractiveness of the speaker or the use of emotional appeals, and often relies on intuition and quick decisions.

Question 14

_____ is complying with instructions from an individual who has authority.

Accepted Answer

Obedience is complying with instructions from an individual who has authority. Groupthink is a phenomenon where individuals prioritize group cohesion and conformity over independent and critical thinking. Conformity is adjusting one's behavior or beliefs to match those of a group or authority figure. Mimicry is imitating the behavior or mannerisms of another person or group.

Question 15

The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to attribute the actions of others to _____.

Accepted Answer

The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to overemphasize dispositional (internal or personality) explanations for other people's behavior, rather than considering situational (external) factors.

Question 16

Some researchers believe that humans' capacity for empathy is based on the nerve cells called _____.

Accepted Answer

Mirror neurons are a type of nerve cell found in the brain that are believed to be involved in social cognition, including empathy. These neurons activate when we observe others performing an action or experiencing an emotion, allowing us to "mirror" their experience and understand their feelings. While the other answer choices may relate to empathy, "mirror neurons" is the most specific and commonly referenced term in this context.

Question 17

We tend to think of our beliefs as being our own, and as being immune to group influences. This phenomenon is known as _____.

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon described in the question is the bias blind spot, which refers to the tendency to believe that we are less influenced by biases than others are. Groupthink refers to a phenomenon in which people conform to the views of a group, rather than expressing their own opinions. Social facilitation refers to the tendency for people to perform better on simple tasks when others are present, while self-determinism refers to a person's ability to make choices and decisions independently.

Question 18

Which scenario is best explained by the frustration-aggression hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

The frustration-aggression hypothesis suggests that frustration can lead to aggressive behavior. In this scenario, the frustration of being stuck in heavy traffic may lead to aggression towards other motorists. The other scenarios involve different factors that may lead to aggression, such as defending a family member or hormonal imbalances.

Question 19

Some behaviors, such as cursing and wearing revealing clothing are acceptable in some social contexts, but are considered unacceptable in other situations, such as in a business office. Which of the following explains why this is the case?

Accepted Answer

Social norms are specific to a social context because they are shaped by shared beliefs and values within a particular culture or community. Different social contexts have different expectations and standards for behavior, which are reinforced through socialization and social control mechanisms. What is acceptable in one context may be deemed inappropriate or even offensive in another context. Therefore, understanding and adhering to social norms is essential for social integration and successful interaction with others.

Question 20

Greg asked you to sign a petition for his student fundraising group. After he gets your signature, he asks you for a small donation. Which technique does Greg seem to be using?

Accepted Answer

Greg is using the foot-in-the-door technique, where he asks for a small request (signing the petition) before making a bigger request (asking for a donation). This technique increases the likelihood of compliance as once someone says yes to a small request, they are more likely to comply with a bigger request later.

Quiz 15: Social Psychology