Question 1

As people move into old age, the speed of cognitive processing:

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that the speed of cognitive processing tends to slow down as people age. This decline can affect a range of cognitive functions, from processing speed to working memory and attention. While lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise can play a role in cognitive health, there is no definitive evidence that taking vitamins can improve speed of processing or other aspects of cognitive function.

Question 2

Which of the following memories is an older adult most likely to have difficulty remembering?

Accepted Answer

Older adults may have difficulty with episodic memory, which pertains to specific events and situations. Therefore, remembering specific events that occurred last Thanksgiving may be the most difficult for them.

Question 3

Which of the following marks the biological beginning of adulthood according to psychologists?

Accepted Answer

The start of adulthood is usually defined by sociocultural norms and does not have a biological marker.

Question 4

Keith's father is a preacher, and his parents always expected him to become one when he became an adult. Keith never questioned this, and began identifying himself as a spiritual and religious person from an early age, eventually taking over his father's position at his church. Keith's identity development would most likely be described as ____________.

Accepted Answer

Keith's identity development matches the description of identity foreclosure, which occurs when an individual adopts an identity without exploring their options or considering other possibilities. In this case, Keith never questioned the expectation placed on him by his parents and took over his father's position without exploring other career paths or beliefs.

Question 5

Having children tends to __________ marital satisfaction, and ___________ marital stability.

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that having children reduces marital satisfaction and increases the likelihood of divorce. While there are certainly joys and benefits to having children, the added stress and responsibilities often strain the relationship between partners.

Question 6

__________ adulthood is a period during a person's early 20s in which they still depend on their parents for financial and emotional support.

Accepted Answer

Emerging adulthood is a period of exploration and transition into full adulthood, typically ranging from late teens to early 20s. During this time, individuals may still depend on their parents for financial and emotional support.

Question 7

Ursula loves her children and spends a lot of time with them. However, she is not good at setting or enforcing rules, so her children frequently do whatever they want. Ursla's parenting style would be described as ______________.

Accepted Answer

Ursula's parenting style is indulgent-permissive because she is not good at setting or enforcing rules, which means she allows her children to do whatever they want. This type of parenting style is characterized by being highly responsive to the child's needs and desires but lacking in structure and discipline.

Question 8

In healthy adults, __________ memory tends to remain stable, while ___________ declines with age.

Accepted Answer

Semantic memory, which includes general knowledge and facts, tends to remain stable with age, while working memory, which involves the ability to hold and manipulate information over short periods, often declines.

Question 9

In general, as older adults age:

Accepted Answer

While some cognitive abilities, such as processing speed and working memory, tend to decline with age, others like vocabulary and knowledge-based skills remain relatively stable or may even improve due to accumulated experience and expertise. It is important to note that the extent and rate of decline also varies among individuals, and factors such as lifestyle, health, and education can influence cognitive aging. Therefore, it is a complex and heterogeneous phenomenon that cannot be reduced to a simple binary of decline or improvement.

Question 10

A theory discussed in your textbook states that the deterioration of cognitive abilities associated with Alzheimer's disease is caused by:

Accepted Answer

The theory discussed in the textbook suggests that the buildup of proteins inside and outside of neurons disrupts normal functioning, which leads to the deterioration of cognitive abilities typically associated with Alzheimer's disease. A depletion of dopamine, inappropriate synaptic connections, or inactivation of glutamate receptors may play a role in other neurological conditions but are not specifically associated with Alzheimer's disease.

Question 11

According to your textbook, which of the following is true regarding adolescents and Internet use?

Accepted Answer

According to the textbook, earlier studies indicated that Internet use was associated with becoming less socially connected, but recent studies suggest that it might be associated with feeling more socially connected.

Question 12

John Gottman and colleagues have found that one predictor for a successful marriage is:

Accepted Answer

According to John Gottman's research, one predictor for a successful marriage is the willingness of both partners to give up some control over the relationship. This involves a balance of power where both partners do not try to control everything and are able to compromise and make decisions together. This ability to work together and collaborate is a key factor in a successful marriage.

Question 13

Which of the following is true of dementia?

Accepted Answer

Dementia is not a specific disease, but rather a set of symptoms that can result from various conditions, including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. While dementia is more common in older adults, it is not a normal part of aging.

Question 14

Compared to unmarried people, people who are married:

Accepted Answer

Research consistently shows that on average, married people tend to have better mental and physical health than unmarried people. This could be because marriage tends to provide emotional and social support, which can positively impact overall health. However, it's worth noting that individual circumstances and experiences can vary greatly, so these findings may not apply to everyone.

Question 15

One's accumulated knowledge gained over time is called _______________.

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence refers to the accumulation of knowledge, skills and experience that come from education and life experiences. It involves the information and skills acquired through years of learning, reading, and exposure to various environments. It is the opposite of fluid intelligence, which is the ability to think abstractly and solve problems that do not depend on accumulated knowledge. Emotional intelligence is the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions, while formal intelligence is not a recognized term in psychology.

Question 16

Sexual orientation becomes fully recognized during _____________.

Accepted Answer

Sexual orientation is often fully recognized during adolescence, which typically includes high school years, as individuals become more aware of their sexual feelings and attractions.

Question 17

Which of the following parenting styles is associated with the most favorable outcomes for children?

Accepted Answer

The authoritative parenting style is associated with the most favorable outcomes for children. This style encourages clear communication, warmth, high expectations, and consistent discipline. It allows children to develop self-discipline, confidence, and independence while also nurturing their emotional needs. Several studies have shown that children raised with authoritative parenting tend to have better academic achievement, social skills, and mental health outcomes compared to those raised with other parenting styles.

Question 18

Germain tends to rule his home with an iron fist. His children know the rules and they are expected to obey them without question or they know there will be harsh consequences. Germain's parenting style is best described as ____________.

Accepted Answer

Germain's parenting style is characterized by strict rules and expectations without room for negotiation or discussion. This is a hallmark of authoritarian parenting, which emphasizes discipline and obedience above all else.

Question 19

Adolescents who are well-known and respected, but do not engage in aggression against low-status others are likely experiencing ___________.

Accepted Answer

Sociometric popularity refers to being well-liked and respected by peers without engaging in aggressive behaviors, unlike perceived popularity which may involve aggression.

Question 20

Adolescents who are categorized as having __________________ may be viewed as popular by other adolescents, but are not necessarily well liked.

Accepted Answer

Perceived popularity refers to the status or recognition an individual has among their peers, which doesn't always correlate with being liked. Adolescents who are perceived as popular may have a high profile and be well-known among their peers, but this does not guarantee that they are well-liked on a personal level. Sociometric popularity, on the other hand, is based on being liked by many peers. Identity foreclosure and low status do not specifically relate to the concept of being popular without being liked.

Quiz 10: Life Span Development