Question 1

Rob is an American college student. Yoon-Sook is a Korean college student. Research described in your text suggests that Rob would attribute happiness to ________. Yoon-Sook would attribute it to _________.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that individualistic cultures, like the United States, tend to attribute happiness to personal achievements, whereas collectivistic cultures, like Korea, tend to attribute happiness to interpersonal interactions and relationships. Therefore, Rob would be more likely to choose personal achievements and Yoon-Sook would be more likely to choose interpersonal interactions. Choice C reflects this contrast.

Question 2

Based on your text's discussion, traditional psychotherapy is to positive psychotherapy as _______ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

Traditional psychotherapy focuses on identifying and treating mental health disorders or problems, while positive psychotherapy emphasizes enhancing positive emotions and well-being. This can be compared to the difference between curative medicine, which treats existing illnesses, and preventive medicine, which aims to prevent future illnesses. Therefore, the best choice is B - curative medicine is to preventive medicine.

Question 3

Which of the following alternative BEST expresses the relationship between developmental psychology and psychology's other subfields?

Accepted Answer

Developmental psychology is an integrative subfield that interacts with many other fields of psychology. It draws upon theories and methodologies from cognitive psychology, social psychology, neuroscience, and other subfields to understand how individuals develop and change throughout their lifespan. Therefore, Option D is the best choice.

Question 4

Which of the following women psychologists is CORRECTLY matched with her area of study?

Accepted Answer

Ann Treisman is correctly matched with her area of study, which includes attention and object perception.

Question 5

Your text describes research examining the prevalence of positive emotions, such as happiness, in different parts of the United States. Based on your text's discussion of this work, which of the following might you conclude?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your text describes research examining the prevalence...

Question 6

In its discussion of positive psychology, your text states that, "studies have found that having a positive outlook promotes resilience." Making explicit reference to the goals of psychology, which of the following statements is the strongest claim reasonably implied by this quote?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In its discussion of positive psychology, your...

Question 7

Which pioneering woman in psychology is CORRECTLY matched with a 'first'?

Accepted Answer

Nancy Bayley was the first woman to receive a Distinguished Contribution Award from the American Psychological Association (APA).

Question 8

Positive psychology traces is theoretical roots to the _________ and ________ approaches, because of its emphasis on _______ and _______, respectively.

Accepted Answer

Positive psychology is closely linked to functionalist and humanist approaches due to its focus on application (how mental and behavioral processes function) and self-actualization (the humanist emphasis on realizing one's own potential), respectively.

Question 9

Dr. Olivier examines changes in participants' brain activity as they use different pieces of information to make complex decisions. Dr. Pang examines changes in brain activity when participants explain the behavior of a research assistant posing as another participant. Dr. Olivier is best described as a(n) _________ neuroscientist. Dr. Pang is probably a(n) ________ neuroscientist.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Olivier is studying decision-making processes, which is a focus of cognitive neuroscience. Dr. Pang is studying social interactions, which aligns with social neuroscience.

Question 10

The advent of computer technology in the 1950s and 1960s spurred growth in the field of ________. More recently, advances in imaging have sparked the field of _________.

Accepted Answer

The advent of computer technology in the 1950s and 1960s spurred growth in cognitive psychology by providing new methods for understanding how the human mind processes information. More recently, advances in imaging technology have significantly advanced the field of neuroscience, allowing for detailed study of the brain's structure and function.

Question 11

Each alternative below identifies a variable potentially associated with happiness. Each is correctly paired with a level of analysis EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The reasons one gives for the bad things that happen is typically a measure of attributional style, which is at the individual level of analysis. Therefore, alternative C is not correctly paired.

Question 12

A cultural psychologist would describe American culture as ___________. She would describe Chinese culture as _________.

Accepted Answer

American culture is often described as individualistic, where individuals prioritize personal achievement and autonomy. In contrast, Chinese culture is often described as collectivist, where individuals prioritize group harmony and interdependence.

Question 13

Your text admits that it may seem that the neuroscientific approach is dominating contemporary psychology. Which of psychology's shared values is most likely to ensure that neuroscience does not completely monopolize psychology in the near future?

Accepted Answer

Multilevel analyses recognize that behavior and mental processes arise from the interactions between various levels of analysis such as brain processes, psychological processes, and social processes. This means that neuroscience cannot fully monopolize psychology because it is just one level of analysis among others. Therefore, an acceptance of multilevel analyses is most likely to ensure that neuroscience does not completely dominate psychology in the near future.

Question 14

Which of the following best captures your text's conclusion regarding psychology's potential contribution to our knowledge?

Accepted Answer

The text suggests that while psychology may not have all the answers to complex questions about human nature, it can still provide useful knowledge in trying to address these questions. The text also emphasizes the need for careful consideration and skepticism of trends and fads in psychology. Option A is too absolute in its statement and Option C is pessimistic. Option D is not the main point of the text.

Question 15

Which of the following pioneering women psychologists was also among the first well-known African-American psychologists?

Accepted Answer

Mamie Phipps Clark was a pioneering woman psychologist who was also among the first well-known African-American psychologists. She is famous for her work with her husband Kenneth Clark in the development of the famous doll studies, which were influential in the desegregation of schools in the United States.

Quiz 1: Psychology: Yesterday and Today

Rob is an American college student. Yoon-Sook is a Korean college student. Research described in your text suggests that Rob would attribute happiness to . Yoon-Sook would attribute it to _.

Based on your text's discussion, traditional psychotherapy is to positive psychotherapy as _ is to __.