Question 1

The belief that development is biologically programmed to happen sequentially is known as maturation.

Accepted Answer

Maturation refers to the idea that development unfolds according to a predetermined sequence that is biologically based. This means that certain skills and abilities cannot be acquired until the necessary areas of the brain and body have matured enough to support them.

Question 2

A __________ research design studies the same people over a significant period of time.

Accepted Answer

longitudinal

Question 3

Which of the following is true about developmental psychology?

Accepted Answer

Most developmental psychologists now view development as a process that continues throughout the lifespan. This means that they are interested in studying the changes that occur from infancy to old age, rather than just focusing on childhood. Additionally, developmental psychology considers both psychological and biological development, recognizing that both are important aspects of individual growth and change. The field of developmental psychology is broad and encompasses a wide range of topics, including cognitive development, social development, emotional development, and physical development.

Question 4

If you encountered an eight week old kitten that had never been exposed to humans before, what reaction would you most likely get from the kitten?

Accepted Answer

Kittens that have not been exposed to humans during their critical socialization period (2-7 weeks) are likely to be fearful and may react defensively by biting or scratching.

Question 5

Mary is concerned that her baby is 12 months old, but is still not walking on her own. Which of the following issues is most relevant to Mary's concern?
a) Nature vs. nurture.
b) Critical periods vs. sensitive periods.
c) Qualitative vs. quantitative shifts in development.
d) Longitudinal vs. cross-sectional.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mary is concerned that her baby is...

Question 6

What key debate in developmental psychology considers whether genetics or environment has a greater impact on behavior?

Accepted Answer

The nature vs. nurture debate is a long-standing argument in developmental psychology regarding whether genetics or environment has a greater impact on behavior.

Question 7

What term is used to describe a point in development when an organism is especially sensitive to particular kinds of environmental stimuli?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What term is used to describe a...

Question 8

What type of research design attempts to combine the cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What type of research design attempts to...

Question 9

The benefits of a longitudinal research design are ease and efficiency.

Accepted Answer

The benefits of a longitudinal research design are not ease and efficiency, but rather the ability to study changes over time and establish causality between variables. However, this type of design can be more time-consuming and complex than cross-sectional research.

Question 10

Most developmental psychologists believe that

Accepted Answer

Most developmental psychologists believe that development is a combination of both exogenous and endogenous factors. This means that both nature and nurture play a role in shaping the developmental outcome of an individual. Endogenous factors refer to genetic or biological factors that influence development, while exogenous factors refer to environmental factors that influence development. Both are considered important in explaining developmental outcomes.

Question 11

What is the difference between a critical period and a sensitive period?

Accepted Answer

Critical periods are defined by a strict timeframe during which certain skills or abilities must be acquired, whereas sensitive periods are times when an individual is more receptive to certain stimuli or learning, but missing these periods doesn't preclude learning at a later time.

Question 12

All children develop in the same way and there is no variation in the timing of developmental milestones.

Accepted Answer

Every child is unique, and there is significant variation in the timing of developmental milestones, including physical, cognitive, and social milestones. While there are general expectations about when children reach certain milestones, individual differences and variations are normal and should be expected.

Question 13

Define the term "imprinting" and identify the scientist most often associated with this research.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define the term "imprinting" and identify the...

Question 14

Joseph recently found some duckling eggs that had been abandoned and hatched the eggs. The ducklings followed Joseph around everywhere. Which of the following experiments was Joseph replicating?

Accepted Answer

Joseph was replicating Lorenz's studies of imprinting, as the ducklings followed him around everywhere, indicating that they had imprinted on him as their parent.

Question 15

Which type of shifts in developmental growth suggest that a person changes following the achievement of milestones.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which type of shifts in developmental growth...

Question 16

Which do you believe is more important: nature or nurture? Reflect on your own life circumstances and determine whether your genetics or your environment has had a greater impact on who you are today. Provide 2 examples to support your choice.

Accepted Answer

Nature and nurture are both important factors in shaping who we are, but the relative importance of each is a matter of debate. Some people believe that nature, or genetics, is more important, while others believe that nurture, or environment, is more important. There is no easy answer to this question, as both nature and nurture play a role in our development.

Question 17

What does the term "nature" refer to in the nature vs. nurture controversy?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does the term "nature" refer to...

Question 18

The __________ view of development suggests that our experiences heavily influence how we develop.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The __________ view of development suggests that...

Question 19

Describe the drawbacks of longitudinal research designs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the drawbacks of longitudinal research designs....

Question 20

Eunice, age 65, participated in a research study that compared older adult's scores on a cognitive test to the scores of younger adults. Which type of study does this example represent?

Accepted Answer

A cross-sectional study is a type of research design that compares different groups of people at a particular point in time. In this example, Eunice represents the older adult group, while the younger adults represent a different group. This study does not follow individuals over time (longitudinal) or manipulate variables (experimental). Additionally, there is no mention of qualitative data collection or analysis.

Quiz 3: Human Development