Question 1

According to Kohlberg, moral development is related to cognitive development primarily because
A) it develops along the same track as intelligence.
B) developing more complex moral development is related to understanding other peoples' point of view.
C) the development of both occurs at different paces across different cultures.
D) it is the result of a sensitive period of learning.

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg believed that moral development is related to cognitive development because as individuals' cognitive abilities mature and they are able to understand other people's perspectives, they become capable of more complex moral reasoning. Moral reasoning involves considering the perspectives and needs of others, which requires cognitive perspective-taking abilities. Therefore, the development of moral reasoning is closely tied to cognitive development.

Question 2

During the formal operational stage, what form of egocentrism is experienced by teenagers?
A) conservation
B) theory of mind
C) private speech
D) imaginary audience

Accepted Answer

During the formal operational stage, teenagers experience imaginary audience egocentrism, which is the belief that they are the focus of everyone's attention and are constantly being watched and judged. They may become overly self-conscious and concerned with their appearance and behavior in social situations.

Question 3

Primary sexual characteristics refer to changes in the reproductive organs.

Accepted Answer

Primary sexual characteristics are the changes that occur in the reproductive organs during puberty, including the development of the testes and penis in males and the ovaries, uterus, and vagina in females.

Question 4

Most researchers believe that the difference in scores on Kohlberg's scale between collectivist cultures and individualistic cultures is a result of
A) greater industrial development in individualistic cultures.
B) intense pressures towards conformity in individualistic cultures.
C) the tendency for individual cultures to have democracies for governments
D) differences in the kind of moral problems faced by people in different cultures.

Accepted Answer

The difference in scores on Kohlberg's scale between collectivist cultures and individualistic cultures is believed to be a result of differences in the kind of moral problems faced by people in different cultures. Certain moral dilemmas are more relevant and salient in collectivist cultures than in individualistic cultures, leading to different moral reasoning and decision-making.

Question 5

What challenge do adolescents face in Erikson's theory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What challenge do adolescents face in Erikson's...

Question 6

Jason and Julia arrive home from school and are trying to decide whether or not they should have a cookie. Jason says "mom didn't give us permission and we might get caught." Julie responds "I think it will be OK as long as we don't make a mess, because we are still three hours from dinnertime. Jason is at the _________ stage of moral reasoning, and Julia is at the ________ stage.
A) preconventional; preconventional
B) conventional; conventional
C) conventional; preconventional
D) preconventional; conventional

Accepted Answer

Jason's reasoning is focused on the consequences of his actions (getting caught and facing punishment) which is characteristic of the preconventional stage. Julia's reasoning takes into account the rules set by their mother and the impact their actions may have on those rules, which is more characteristic of the conventional stage. Therefore, Jason is at the preconventional stage of moral reasoning and Julia is at the conventional stage.

Question 7

Christina wants to get a good grade on her exams so that she can get into university. She is deciding whether to cheat and look at a classmate's paper, but she decides not to because she would rather earn her results honestly. Which stage of moral development is Christina at?
A) conventional
B) postconventional
C) preconventional
D) it is impossible to specify the level based on the information given

Accepted Answer

Christina's decision not to cheat because she wants to earn her results honestly suggests that she is at the postconventional stage of moral development. At this stage, individuals make decisions based on their own principles and values, rather than on external rules or expectations. They typically see beyond the conventional expectations of society or authority figures and make decisions based on their own moral principles.

Question 8

What stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development do adolescents typically enter after age 11? Describe the capabilities of adolescents in that stage.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive...

Question 9

You have been driving along talking to yourself. As you stop at a red light - still talking to yourself - you suddenly realize that the person in the next car is staring at you. Your behavior is closest to which of the following?
A) Evidence of a mental disorder.
B) Post conventional moral reasoning.
C) Zone of proximal development.
D) Private speech.

Accepted Answer

Private speech is when individuals talk to themselves, as a way of regulating their own behavior, thoughts, or emotions. This behavior is common in early childhood, but even adults engage in it at times, especially when they are trying to problem-solve or manage stress. The fact that the person is talking to themselves is not evidence of a mental disorder, but it may appear odd or unusual to someone who is observing them.

Question 10

What must individuals meet and reconcile in each stage of Erikson's theory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What must individuals meet and reconcile in...

Question 11

Erikson's developmental theory describes how changes occur through the __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Erikson's developmental theory describes how changes occur...

Question 12

The growth spurt that typically occurs at puberty is triggered specifically by the
A) thyroid gland
B) andrenal glands
C) pituitary gland
D) endocrine system

Accepted Answer

The answer of The growth spurt that typically occurs at...

Question 13

According to Carol Gilligan, Kohlberg's assumption that the moral reasoning of girls is less well-developed than that of boys was faulty because
A) the moral reasoning of girls is oriented towards relationships rather than abstract principles.
B) Kohlberg's original moral dilemma was gender-biased.
C) most of our laws were written by men.
D) Kohlberg's studies did not include any girls.

Accepted Answer

Carol Gilligan believed that the moral reasoning of girls was not less developed than boys, but rather was oriented towards relationships and connections with others, which was different from the abstract principles that Kohlberg based his theory on.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a secondary sex characteristic?
A) increase in breast size
B) larynx enlargement
C) growth of the ovaries
D) pubic hair growth

Accepted Answer

Growth of the ovaries is not a secondary sex characteristic. The ovaries are an internal reproductive organ and do not contribute to external physical traits that define male or female characteristics. Secondary sex characteristics include breast development, larynx enlargement (resulting in a deeper voice), pubic hair growth, and other external physical changes that occur during puberty.

Question 15

Provide 2 examples of secondary sex characteristics.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Provide 2 examples of secondary sex characteristics....

Question 16

Which gland controls the onset of puberty?
A) pituitary
B) adrenal
C) ovaries
D) endocrine

Accepted Answer

The pituitary gland secretes hormones that stimulate other glands to produce sex hormones such as estrogen and testosterone, which lead to the onset of puberty.

Question 17

It's three o'clock in the morning and you pull up to a red light. You make a decision about whether or not to go through the light. Which of the following pairs are correctly matched?
A) No, I don't want a ticket: conventional
B) No, I might startle another driver: preconventional
C) Yes, lights are there to regulate traffic, but there is no traffic: postconventional
D) Yes, I'm tired and I want to go home: postconventional

Accepted Answer

According to Kohlberg's stages of moral development, the preconventional stage is characterized by a focus on self-interest and avoidance of punishment. In this scenario, the decision not to go through the red light is based on the potential consequence of startling another driver and causing harm, which aligns with the preconventional stage.

Question 18

What term refers to the development of the primary and secondary sex characteristics in adolescence?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What term refers to the development of...

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE about the relationship between moral reasoning (attitudes) and actual behavior?
A) They are closely related for women, but not for men.
B) Moral attitudes do a good job of predicting behavior.
C) Moral attitudes do a poor job of predicting moral behavior.
D) They are closely related for collectivist cultures, but not individualistic cultures.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that there is often a weak correlation between moral attitudes and actual behavior, suggesting that moral attitudes do a poor job of predicting moral behavior. People may hold strong moral beliefs but still engage in behaviors that are inconsistent with those beliefs. This may be due to a variety of factors, including situational factors and social influences.

Question 20

Erikson's theory of psychosocial development spans the period from birth to age 18.

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory of psychosocial development actually spans the period from birth to old age, not just up to age 18.

Quiz 3: Human Development

According to Kohlberg, moral development is related to cognitive development primarily because

During the formal operational stage, what form of egocentrism is experienced by teenagers?

Primary sexual characteristics refer to changes in the reproductive organs.

Most researchers believe that the difference in scores on Kohlberg's scale between collectivist cultures and individualistic cultures is a result of

What challenge do adolescents face in Erikson's theory?

Christina wants to get a good grade on her exams so that she can get into university. She is deciding whether to cheat and look at a classmate's paper, but she decides not to because she would rather earn her results honestly. Which stage of moral development is Christina at?

What stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development do adolescents typically enter after age 11? Describe the capabilities of adolescents in that stage.

You have been driving along talking to yourself. As you stop at a red light - still talking to yourself - you suddenly realize that the person in the next car is staring at you. Your behavior is closest to which of the following?

What must individuals meet and reconcile in each stage of Erikson's theory?

Erikson's developmental theory describes how changes occur through the __________.

The growth spurt that typically occurs at puberty is triggered specifically by the

According to Carol Gilligan, Kohlberg's assumption that the moral reasoning of girls is less well-developed than that of boys was faulty because

Which of the following is NOT a secondary sex characteristic?

Provide 2 examples of secondary sex characteristics.

Which gland controls the onset of puberty?

It's three o'clock in the morning and you pull up to a red light. You make a decision about whether or not to go through the light. Which of the following pairs are correctly matched?

What term refers to the development of the primary and secondary sex characteristics in adolescence?

Which of the following is TRUE about the relationship between moral reasoning (attitudes) and actual behavior?

Erikson's theory of psychosocial development spans the period from birth to age 18.