Quiz 7: Metamorphism, Metamorphic Rocks, and Hydrothermal Rocks
Geology/Geography/Oceanography/Atmospheric Sciences
Q 1Q 1
Metamorphic rock forms from pre-existing rock when heat and pressure cause solid-state transformations.
Free
True False
True
Free
True False
False
Free
True False
False
Free
True False
Q 5Q 5
Confining pressure is pressure applied equally on all surfaces of a substance as a result of burial or submergence.
Free
True False
Q 6Q 6
Any new mineral that has crystallized under high-pressure conditions tends to occupy less space than did the mineral or minerals from which it formed.
Free
True False
Free
True False
Q 8Q 8
Minerals that crystallize in needle-like shapes (for example hornblende) grow with their long axis parallel to the plane of foliation.
Free
True False
Q 9Q 9
Contact metamorphism occurs adjacent to a pluton when a body of magma intrudes relatively cool country rock.
Free
True False
Q 10Q 10
If limestone is metamorphosed at relatively low temperatures and pressures it recrystallizes into marble.
Free
True False
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True False
Free
True False
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True False
Q 14Q 14
Andalusite, kyanite, and sillimanite are among the best known index minerals that provide information about the temperature and pressure of metamorphism.
Free
True False
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True False
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True False
Q 17Q 17
Gneissic texture has the minerals separated into distinct (light and dark) layers, or lenses.
Free
True False
Q 18Q 18
Hydrothermal processes are not important along submarine mid-ocean ridges because of the cooling effect of seawater.
Free
True False
Free
True False
Free
True False
Q 21Q 21
___ is pressure applied equally to all surfaces of a substance as a result of burial or submergence.
A) Differential stress
B) Strain
C) Temperature
D) Confining pressure
E) Magnetism
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 22Q 22
___ tends to deform objects into oblong or flattened forms.
A) Differential stress
B) Strain
C) Temperature
D) Pressure
E) Magnetism
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 23Q 23
The most important factors controlling the characters of metamorphic rocks include ___.
A) composition of the parent rock
B) temperature
C) pressure
D) water
E) All of the choices are correct.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 24Q 24
The deeper a rock is below the Earth's surface ______.
A) the hotter it will be
B) the cooler it will be
C) the cooler it will be except near a pluton or magma chamber
D) has no influence on temperature
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 25Q 25
Metamorphism may involve all of the following except __.
A) formation of new minerals
B) changes in rock texture: grain size, grain shape, foliation, et cetera
C) metasomatism
D) complete melting of the rock
E) recrystallization
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 26Q 26
__________ forces the constituents of a rock to become parallel to one another.
A) Pressure
B) Differential stress
C) Strain
D) Heat from a nearby pluton
E) Starch
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 27Q 27
Because of the ease with which it can be split into thin flat sheets, this metamorphic rock is used for making chalkboard, pool tables, and roofs.
A) granite
B) marble
C) gneiss
D) slate
E) quartzite
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 28Q 28
A _______ is characterized by parallel-orientated minerals, commonly mica.
A) schist
B) gneiss
C) greenstone
D) amphibolite
E) phyllite
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 29Q 29
_____ is metamorphism coupled with the introduction of ions (charged atoms) from an external source.
A) Metasomatism
B) Digitization
C) Intrusion
D) Differentiation
E) Blending
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 30Q 30
____ is the lowest-grade rock in progressive metamorphism.
A) Schist
B) Gneiss
C) Marble
D) Slate
E) Phyllite
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 31Q 31
_______ metamorphism occurs adjacent to a pluton when a body of magma intrudes a relatively cool country rock.
A) Sedimentary
B) Igneous
C) Regional
D) Burial
E) Contact
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 32Q 32
_____ are important economic resources for lead, zinc, gold, silver, tungsten, tin, and mercury.
A) Meteor impact sites
B) Hydrothermal veins
C) Marble
D) Schists
E) Quartzites
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 33Q 33
The two most common non-foliated metamorphic rocks are _______ and marble.
A) slate
B) gneiss
C) migmatite
D) quartzite
E) phyllite
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 34Q 34
_______ forms when a limestone recrystallizes during metamorphism.
A) Marble
B) Gneiss
C) Phyllite
D) Quartzite
E) Coal
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 35Q 35
___ is produced when grains of quartz in sandstone are welded together when the rock is subjected to high temperatures.
A) Limestone
B) Marble
C) Quartzite
D) Monzonite
E) Granite
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 36Q 36
Low grade metamorphism of _____ forms greenschist, with chlorite as the dominant mineral.
A) granite
B) basalt
C) ocean-floor sediments
D) lake sediments
E) limestone
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 37Q 37
In high temperature and pressure metamorphism, if the parent rock is _____ and the dominant mineral is amphibole then the rock is amphibolite.
A) granite
B) basalt
C) ocean-floor sediment
D) lake sediment
E) limestone
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 38Q 38
_______ is a very fine-grained metamorphic rock that splits easily along parallel planes.
A) Slate
B) Sandstone
C) Marble
D) Arkose
E) Gneiss
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 39Q 39
___ metamorphism takes place at considerable depth underground (generally greater than 5 km).
A) Contact
B) Regional
C) Burial
D) Hydrothermal
E) Shock
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 40Q 40
___ metamorphism is the term used for the process in which rocks are altered by hot water.
A) Aqueous
B) Tectonic
C) Burial
D) Hydrothermal
E) Shock
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 41Q 41
Shock metamorphism can occur as a result of ______.
A) volcanic eruptions
B) meteor impacts
C) tsunami
D) earthquakes
E) tornadoes
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 42Q 42
When clay minerals in a shale are subjected to elevated temperature and pressure, they may change in the solid state (that is, without melting) to form platy minerals like ___ that are at equilibrium with the new temperature/pressure conditions.
A) feldspar
B) amphibole
C) mica
D) carbonate
E) pyroxene
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 43Q 43
The most important factor in controlling the final metamorphic product is __.
A) temperature
B) pressure/stress
C) the composition of the pre-existing rock
D) the effect of fluids such as water
E) shock
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 44Q 44
The differential stress responsible for foliation can take place at _____.
A) the Gutenberg discontinuity
B) hydrothermal locations
C) static plate boundaries
D) ocean-ocean convergent boundaries
E) the continental crust-ocean crust transition zone
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 45Q 45
A mineral is said to be ____, if after a long time it does not convert to a new mineral.
A) fixed
B) stable
C) invariable
D) crystalline
E) constant
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 46Q 46
___ is a fine-grained metamorphic rock whose parent rock was basalt.
A) Mica schist
B) Phyllite
C) Hornfels
D) Garnet schist
E) Gneiss
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 47Q 47
The major ____ classification of metamorphic rocks divides them into foliated and non-foliated groups.
A) mineral
B) genetic
C) crystal size
D) fabric
E) textural
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 48Q 48
___ is a metamorphic rock with distinct light and dark layers that formed at high temperatures and pressures.
A) Slate
B) Phyllite
C) Schist
D) Gneiss
E) Greenstone
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 49Q 49
The zone of contact metamorphism (the aureole), ____.
A) extends throughout the surrounding region because rock is such a good conductor of heat
B) is commonly broad, as much as several kilometers wide
C) is commonly rather narrow, from 1 to 100 meters wide
D) is a thin zone, less than 1 meter wide
E) is a very thin zone, no more than a few centimeters in width
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 50Q 50
Metamorphic rocks are prevalent __.
A) in continental crust in the middle of a plate, far away from any mountains or active faults
B) within volcanoes
C) in the oceanic crust away from the mid-ocean ridge
D) in intensely deformed portions of large mountain ranges, where the continental crust is subjected to high temperatures, pressures, and tectonic stress
E) nowhere on Earth, because regional metamorphism only occurred back when the mountains were forming
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 51Q 51
The light-color layers within a typical gneiss are formed by __.
A) amphiboles
B) feldspars
C) pyroxenes
D) olivine
E) calcite
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 52Q 52
In some instances a single mineral, a ____, suffices for determination of the pressure and temperature under which a metamorphic rock formed.
A) metamorphic index mineral
B) metamorphic key mineral
C) metamorphic trace mineral
D) metamorphic mica mineral
E) metamorphic pressure-temperature mineral
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 53Q 53
When a rock is buried to increasing depth it is subject to increasingly greater temperature and pressure and will undergo _____.
A) contact metamorphism
B) prograde metamorphism
C) shock metamorphism
D) retrograde metamorphism
E) hydrothermal metamorphism
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 54Q 54
A migmatite is a mixed ___ rock.
A) metamorphic and igneous
B) metamorphic and pyroclastic
C) metamorphic and sedimentary
D) contact and regional metamorphic
E) contact and hydrothermal metamorphic
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 55Q 55
Lines connecting points of equal temperature on maps or cross sections are called __.
A) thermochrons
B) isochrons
C) isohyetal curves
D) isopleths
E) isotherms
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 56Q 56
If the mineral assemblage in metamorphic rocks is the same, they are regarded as having formed under similar pressure and temperature conditions and belong to the same _______.
A) metamorphic rock group
B) metamorphic mineral group
C) metamorphic facies
D) metamorphic temperature/pressure suite
E) metamorphic province
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 57Q 57
______ stress is a type of differential stress.
A) Shearing
B) Confining
C) Lithostatic
D) Hydrostatic
E) Atmospheric
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 58Q 58
_________ is the pressure felt by deeply buried rock.
A) Shear pressure
B) Atmospheric pressure
C) Hydrostatic pressure
D) Lithostatic pressure
E) Differential pressure
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 59Q 59
When hot solutions emerge from the ocean floor, submarine hot springs called ________ form.
A) ophiolites
B) geysers
C) hydrothermal vents
D) mud pots
E) fountains
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 60Q 60
When hot metal-rich solutions contact cold seawater at submarine spreading ridges, _______ are precipitated.
A) carbonate
B) ore minerals
C) oils
D) basalts
E) silicates
Free
Multiple Choice