Quiz 12: Glaciers and Glaciation
Geology/Geography/Oceanography/Atmospheric Sciences
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Q 2Q 2
Where glaciers exist they are far more effective agents of erosion, transportation, and deposition than running water.
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True False
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True False
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True False
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True False
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True False
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True False
Q 9Q 9
A large trunk glacier erodes downward more rapidly and carves a deeper valley than do smaller tributary glaciers.
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True False
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True False
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True False
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True False
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True False
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True False
Q 15Q 15
Support is growing for the idea that a late Precambrian ice sheet was so extensive that the surface of the world ocean was frozen.
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True False
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True False
Q 17Q 17
An end moraine marks the final edge of a receding glacier just before the glacier melts away entirely.
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True False
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True False
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True False
Q 20Q 20
The primary control of glacial-interglacial episodes seems to be variation in the Earth's orbit and inclination to the sun.
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True False
Q 21Q 21
___ are the product of past glaciations.
A) The Ohio and Missouri Rivers
B) The Appalachian Mountains
C) The Great Lakes
D) The Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea
E) The high plains
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Multiple Choice
Q 22Q 22
The upper part of a glacier, the part with perennial snow and ice, is called the __.
A) zone of accumulation
B) zone of wastage
C) zone of ablation
D) recharge zone
E) discharge zone
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Multiple Choice
Q 23Q 23
Glaciers can be considered as _______ of fresh water for future use.
A) climate characteristics
B) erosional basins
C) indicators of climate change
D) deposits
E) artesian aquifers
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Multiple Choice
Q 24Q 24
Above the rigid zone, glacial ice movement is due to __.
A) sliding along faults in the ice
B) passive riding of the ice on the glacier
C) sliding along the base of the glacier
D) opening of cracks or crevasses
E) melting
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Multiple Choice
Q 25Q 25
If all ice sheets were to melt, sea level would _____.
A) rise by as much as 40 meters
B) fall by as much as 17 meters
C) rise by over 60 meters
D) fall by over 130 meters
E) remain unchanged
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Multiple Choice
Q 26Q 26
A worldwide decrease of at least _____C in temperature would bring about a new glacial age.
A) 50
B) 25
C) 10
D) 5
E) 1
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Multiple Choice
Q 27Q 27
____ are landscape features that indicate a mountainous area has been glaciated.
A) Cirques, horns, and arêtes
B) Drumlins, eskers, and kames
C) Horns, drumlins, and tillite
D) Crevasses, cirques, and kames
E) Erratics, moraines, and kettles
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Multiple Choice
Q 28Q 28
The longest ice core drilled was obtained at ____, Antarctica, in the 1990s.
A) McMurdo
B) Vostok
C) Palmer
D) the south pole
E) the geographic center
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Multiple Choice
Q 29Q 29
Under the influence of gravity a glacier moves down valley and eventually __.
A) flows back toward its source area
B) ablates
C) evaporates
D) goes underground
E) accumulates
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Multiple Choice
Q 30Q 30
The central portion of a valley glacier moves _____ the sides.
A) slower than
B) faster than
C) at the same rate as
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Multiple Choice
Q 31Q 31
When an ice block that was buried in sediment finally melts a depression called a ___ forms.
A) arête
B) horn
C) drumlin
D) roche mountonnée
E) kettle
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Multiple Choice
Q 32Q 32
A(n) _____ -shaped valley (in cross section) is characteristic of glacial erosion.
A) S
B) U
C) V
D) Y
E) I
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Multiple Choice
Q 33Q 33
Sharp ridges called ___ separate adjacent glacially carved valleys.
A) tarns
B) cirques
C) arêtes
D) cairns
E) moraines
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Multiple Choice
Q 34Q 34
A large trunk glacier carves a deeper valley than smaller tributaries. After the glacier disappears the tributary valley remains as _____ high above the main valley.
A) a fiord
B) a hanging valley
C) an arête
D) a cirque
E) a roche mountonnée
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Multiple Choice
Q 35Q 35
A(n) _______ is a mass of ice that is not restricted to a valley but covers large areas of land.
A) ice sheet
B) moraine
C) tarn
D) arête
E) col
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Multiple Choice
Q 36Q 36
Bodies of till shaped into streamlined hills are called ___.
A) kames
B) moraines
C) drumlins
D) eskers
E) kettles
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Multiple Choice
Q 37Q 37
A(n) ______ is a steep-sided half-bowl shaped recess carved at the head of a mountain glacial valley.
A) fiord
B) hanging valley
C) arête
D) cirque
E) roche mountonnée
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Multiple Choice
Q 38Q 38
A(n) _____ is a coastal inlet that is formed by a drowned glacial carved valley.
A) nunatak
B) fiord
C) inselberg
D) monadnock
E) hanging valley
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Multiple Choice
Q 39Q 39
A(n) ____ is a long sinuous ridge of water-deposited cross-bedded and well-sorted sediment deposited by a stream that flowed within or under a glacier.
A) tarn
B) moraine
C) drumlin
D) esker
E) varve
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Multiple Choice
Q 40Q 40
What caused the glacial ages?
A) changes in the atmosphere
B) changes in the positions of the continents
C) changes in circulation of sea water
D) All of the above have contributed to the glacial ages.
E) The cause is unknown at this time.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 41Q 41
The _____ is the end of a glacier.
A) ablation limit
B) snow line
C) terminus
D) zone of ending
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Multiple Choice
Q 42Q 42
Open fissures called ___ develop in the brittle surface ice of glaciers.
A) crevasses
B) cirques
C) joints
D) arêtes
E) thalwegs
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Multiple Choice
Q 43Q 43
A glacier will flow faster where it is steeper and _____.
A) thinner
B) has more firn
C) younger
D) thicker
E) older
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Multiple Choice
Q 44Q 44
If a moving glacier reaches a body of water ______ float free.
A) crystals
B) icebergs
C) calves
D) infants
E) end moraines
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Multiple Choice
Q 45Q 45
The down-valley part of a glacier is the ____, where melting, evaporation, and calving take place.
A) zone of accumulation
B) zone of replenishment
C) zone of ablation
D) recharge zone
E) discharge zone
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Multiple Choice
Q 46Q 46
___ moraines are elongate low mounds of till that form along the sides of valley glaciers.
A) Lateral
B) Proximal
C) Distal
D) Medial
E) Terminal
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Multiple Choice
Q 47Q 47
A(n) ___________ is an ice-transported boulder that was not derived from the underlying bedrock.
A) clast
B) esker
C) nunatak
D) erratic
E) inselberg
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Multiple Choice
Q 48Q 48
Two layers of sediment resulting from one year's deposition in a glacial lake are called ___.
A) cross beds
B) ripples
C) varves
D) contourites
E) turbidites
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Multiple Choice
Q 49Q 49
The sediment deposited by debris-laden melt water is called _______.
A) fluvial
B) alluvial
C) discharge
D) outwash
E) pediment
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Multiple Choice
Q 50Q 50
A(n) _____ is the sharp peak that remains after cirques have cut back into a mountain on several sides.
A) arête
B) horn
C) inselberg
D) cirque
E) tarn
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Multiple Choice
Q 51Q 51
The boundary between the zone of accumulation and the zone of ablation is an irregular line called the _____.
A) equipotential surface
B) equilibrium line
C) balancing line
D) break-even curve
E) snow line
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Multiple Choice
Q 52Q 52
Where tributary glaciers come together the adjacent lateral moraines join to form a ______ moraine.
A) lateral
B) distal
C) proximal
D) medial
E) terminal
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 53Q 53
A(n) ___ is a lake occupying a bedrock depression excavated by a glacier.
A) kettle
B) pothole
C) blowout
D) monadnock
E) tarn
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Multiple Choice
Q 54Q 54
The theory of _____ states that at times in the past, colder climates prevailed during which much more of the land surface was glaciated than at present time.
A) ice accumulation
B) glacial ages
C) climate change
D) Milankovitch
E) Vostock
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Multiple Choice
Q 55Q 55
The grinding of rock against rock by a glacier produces a very fine sediment called ____.
A) tillite
B) till
C) rock flour
D) rock dust
E) glacier mist
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Multiple Choice
Q 56Q 56
______ gives us more evidence of the beginning and ending times of glacial episodes than the direct study of glacial deposits.
A) Location of meteorites on the Antarctica ice sheet
B) Sea level changes
C) Folklore
D) Deep ocean sediment
E) Satellite imagery
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Multiple Choice
Q 57Q 57
If the terminus of a glacier remains stationary for a few years a distinct _______ may form.
A) roche mountonnée
B) ground moraine
C) recessional moraine
D) lateral moraine
E) medial moraine
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Multiple Choice
Q 58Q 58
Once a glacier is gone the land begins to uplift slowly to its pre-glacial height, a process called ____.
A) metamorphism
B) subduction
C) volcanism
D) crustal rebound
E) ocean basins
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Multiple Choice
Q 59Q 59
As ice retreats by melting back, the rock debris carried by the glacier is deposited to form a relatively thin layer of till called a(n) ___________.
A) esker
B) ground moraine
C) drumlin
D) end moraine
E) erratic
Free
Multiple Choice