Question 1

During an experiment by Reicher (1969),participants were asked to identify whether the letter D had been presented on the screen.Participants would be most likely to respond correctly if they had seen ______.
A)the letter "D" presented alone
B)the word "DOG"
C)the word "ODG"
D)the letters "D," "F," and "C" on different lines

Accepted Answer

Participants are more likely to correctly identify the letter "D" when it is part of a familiar word like "DOG" due to the word superiority effect, which suggests that letters are more easily recognized when they are part of a word rather than in isolation or in a non-word.

Question 2

A patient with associative agnosia would ______
A)have difficulty recognizing faces
B)be unable to see the contours of objects
C)copy drawings very slowly and become distracted by small details
D)be unable to match objects

Accepted Answer

Patients with associative agnosia can see objects and their contours but have difficulty recognizing them. They can copy drawings but do so slowly and may focus on small details without understanding the overall object.

Question 3

In composite face illusion,when participants view two faces with identical top halves but separate bottom halves,participants tend to perceive those top halves as ______.
A)identical
B)different
C)mixed
D)meaningless features

Accepted Answer

In the composite face illusion, when participants view two faces with identical top halves but different bottom halves, the presence of the different bottom halves causes the participants to perceive the identical top halves as being different. This illusion demonstrates how our perception of one part of an object can be influenced by other parts of the object.

Question 4

A general approach that explains perception as the pickup of environmental invariances that require little or no active interpretation is called ______.
A)bottom-up processing
B)top-down processing
C)theory-driven processing
D)direct perception

Accepted Answer

Direct perception theory posits that perception is a process of directly acquiring information from the environment without the need for cognitive processing or interpretation. This approach emphasizes the role of environmental invariances, which are stable properties of the world that can be directly perceived.

Question 5

A patient with prosopagnosia has difficulty recognizing ______.
A)drawings of objects
B)moving objects
C)faces
D)sounds
E)flavors

Accepted Answer

Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is a neurological disorder characterized by the inability to recognize faces.

Question 6

Patients with ______ can see contours or outlines of a drawing,but have difficulty matching or categorizing objects.
A)apperceptive agnosia
B)associative agnosia
C)prosopagnosia
D)Sacks syndrome

Accepted Answer

Apperceptive agnosia is characterized by a difficulty in perceiving the shapes or forms of objects, which means patients might see contours or outlines but struggle with more complex visual tasks like matching or categorizing objects.

Question 7

The theory of direct perception by ______ suggests that we obtain all necessary perceptual information from the environment.
A)Marr
B)James
C)Freud
D)Gibson

Accepted Answer

Gibson's theory of direct perception posits that the environment provides all the necessary information for perception, and no significant processing or interpretation is needed by the brain to understand it.

Question 8

The finding by Johansson (1973)that participants could detect that lights in the dark were actually a person with lights attached to key body parts is an example of how ______ aid(s)in perception.
A)affordances
B)perceptual invariance
C)connectionist nodes
D)perceptual learning

Accepted Answer

Johansson's experiment demonstrates perceptual invariance, as participants could recognize the pattern of human movement despite the minimal visual information, showing how our perception can remain constant even with changes in visual stimuli.

Question 9

According to the text,which of the following includes top-down perceptual processes?
A)perceptual learning
B)template matching
C)prototype matching
D)featural analysis

Accepted Answer

Perceptual learning is a top-down perceptual process that involves the use of prior knowledge and experience to interpret sensory information.

Question 10

According to Gibson's theory,viewers directly perceive ______.
A)shapes
B)whole objects
C)each object's affordances
D)shapes,objects,and their affordances

Accepted Answer

Gibson's theory of direct perception posits that viewers perceive the environment in terms of its affordances, meaning they see not just shapes and objects, but also what actions those objects permit or afford them directly, without needing to interpret or deeply process the information.

Question 11

Marr's primal sketch would NOT give you which of the following pieces of information?
A)brightness
B)geometric structure
C)object identity
D)boundaries

Accepted Answer

Marr's primal sketch is a concept in early vision processing that deals with the representation of an image's edges, boundaries, and basic structure, but it does not provide information about the identity of objects within the image. Object identity involves higher-level processing beyond the primal sketch stage.

Question 12

Visual agnosias represent impairments in the ability to ______.
A)see objects
B)use language to name objects
C)interpret visual information
D)draw objects

Accepted Answer

Visual agnosias are neurological disorders characterized by the inability to interpret or make sense of visual information, despite having normal eyesight.

Question 13

After damage to his left parietal cortex,John begins to ignore washing the right side of his face and body and doesn't comb the right side of his hair.He is likely suffering from ______.
A)prosopagnosia
B)affordances
C)unilateral neglect
D)apperceptive agnosia

Accepted Answer

Unilateral neglect, also known as hemispatial neglect, is a condition often resulting from damage to the parietal cortex, particularly in the right hemisphere. It leads to a lack of awareness of one side of space, in this case, the left parietal damage leading to neglect of the right side of the body.

Question 14

The opposite of the theory of direct perception would be most directly viewed as the ______ approach.
A)constructivist
B)connectionist
C)feature analysis
D)template matching

Accepted Answer

The constructivist approach is considered the opposite of the theory of direct perception because it posits that perception is a constructive process requiring internal cognitive activity, in contrast to the direct perception theory which suggests that the environment provides all necessary visual cues for perception without the need for internal cognitive processes.

Question 15

In a study by Johansson (1973),a model had lights attached to key points of the body.In the dark,participants were only able to determine that the lights represented a person when ______.
A)the person was in motion
B)the person was completely still
C)the lights were flashing
D)participants could never identify the lights as a person

Accepted Answer

The study by Johansson (1973) demonstrated that participants could recognize the lights as representing a person when the model was in motion, showcasing the human ability to perceive biological motion from minimal cues.

Question 16

Researchers attached light bulbs to the shoulders,elbows,wrists,hips,knees,and ankles of a model wearing black clothing.In a dark room,with only the light bulbs visible,______.
A)viewers could recognize the unmoving model as human
B)viewers could recognize a moving model as human,but couldn't tell what the model was doing
C)viewers could recognize what a moving model was doing
D)viewers could recognize the gender of a moving model as well as what the model was doing

Accepted Answer

The answer of Researchers attached light bulbs to the shoulders,elbows,wrists,hips,knees,and...

Question 17

According to Gibson's theory,the acts or behaviors permitted by objects,places,and events are called ______.
A)consequences
B)functions
C)affordances
D)direct processes

Accepted Answer

According to Gibson's theory, the term "affordances" refers to the opportunities for action that objects, places, and events provide to an individual, emphasizing the relationship between the environment and the observer.

Question 18

Gibson's theory of direct perception and affordances most directly illustrate the link between ______.
A)perception and memory
B)action and reaction
C)features and objects
D)perception and action

Accepted Answer

Gibson's theory of affordances emphasizes the direct relationship between perception and action, suggesting that the environment offers affordances, or opportunities for action, that are directly perceived.

Question 19

According to the text,which of the following is not an example of bottom-up perception?
A)featural analysis
B)template matching
C)prototype matching
D)perceptual learning

Accepted Answer

Bottom-up perception involves processing sensory information as it is coming in. In bottom-up processing, perception starts at the sensory input, the stimulus. Thus, featural analysis, template matching, and prototype matching are all examples of bottom-up perception because they involve analyzing incoming data. Perceptual learning, however, involves improvement in the ability to respond to the environment due to experience, which is not solely based on the sensory input but also on top-down processes such as memory and learning.

Question 20

Face perception most closely matches to what theory of perceptual psychology?
A)Gestalt psychology
B)featural analysis
C)direct perception
D)template matching

Accepted Answer

Gestalt psychology is most closely related to face perception because it emphasizes the idea that the whole of anything is greater than its parts. In the context of face perception, this means we recognize and interpret faces holistically rather than through a piecemeal analysis of individual features.

Quiz 3: Perception: Recognizing Patterns and Objects

During an experiment by Reicher (1969) ,participants were asked to identify whether the letter D had been presented on the screen.Participants would be most likely to respond correctly if they had seen ______.

A patient with associative agnosia would ______

In composite face illusion,when participants view two faces with identical top halves but separate bottom halves,participants tend to perceive those top halves as ______.

A general approach that explains perception as the pickup of environmental invariances that require little or no active interpretation is called ______.

A patient with prosopagnosia has difficulty recognizing ______.

Patients with ______ can see contours or outlines of a drawing,but have difficulty matching or categorizing objects.

The theory of direct perception by ______ suggests that we obtain all necessary perceptual information from the environment.

The finding by Johansson (1973) that participants could detect that lights in the dark were actually a person with lights attached to key body parts is an example of how ______ aid(s) in perception.

According to the text,which of the following includes top-down perceptual processes?

According to Gibson's theory,viewers directly perceive ______.

Marr's primal sketch would NOT give you which of the following pieces of information?

Visual agnosias represent impairments in the ability to ______.

After damage to his left parietal cortex,John begins to ignore washing the right side of his face and body and doesn't comb the right side of his hair.He is likely suffering from ______.

The opposite of the theory of direct perception would be most directly viewed as the ______ approach.

In a study by Johansson (1973) ,a model had lights attached to key points of the body.In the dark,participants were only able to determine that the lights represented a person when ______.

Researchers attached light bulbs to the shoulders,elbows,wrists,hips,knees,and ankles of a model wearing black clothing.In a dark room,with only the light bulbs visible,______.

According to Gibson's theory,the acts or behaviors permitted by objects,places,and events are called ______.

Gibson's theory of direct perception and affordances most directly illustrate the link between ______.

According to the text,which of the following is not an example of bottom-up perception?

Face perception most closely matches to what theory of perceptual psychology?