Question 1

The capacity of long-term memory is ___ that of working memory.Also,as compared to working memory,long-term memory is ___ variable from person to person.
A) larger than; equally
B) larger than; more
C) equal to; equally
D) equal to; more

Accepted Answer

The capacity of long-term memory is significantly larger than that of working memory, and the variability in long-term memory capacity among individuals is greater than the variability in working memory capacity.

Question 2

What is the capacity of working memory?
A) 1-8 items
B) 3-11 items
C) 5-9 items
D) 7-13 items

Accepted Answer

The capacity of working memory is typically believed to be around 5-9 items, with some sources citing a range of 7-13 items. Option C fits within this range and is therefore the best choice. Option A is too narrow and Option B is a bit too broad, while Option D seems to be on the higher end of the estimated range.

Question 3

Tommy is repeating a series of digits in the order in which he heard an experimenter read them.The experimenter is testing the capacity of Tommy's ___ memory.Tommy should be able to repeat about ___ digits correctly.
A) working; 4
B) working; 7
C) sensory; 4
D) sensory; 7

Accepted Answer

Tommy is repeating a series of digits in the same order as heard, which indicates working memory. Research suggests that the average capacity of working memory is about 7 digits (+/- 2). Therefore, Tommy should be able to repeat about 7 digits correctly.

Question 4

Elite athletes who play team sports can quickly evaluate game dynamics and respond more quickly than novice players because they see meaningful patterns in the locations of opposing players.This is an example of ___.
A) eidetic memory
B) visuospatial sketchpad
C) chunking
D) elaboration

Accepted Answer

Elite athletes are able to quickly evaluate game dynamics and respond more quickly because they use chunking, a process by which individual pieces of information are bound together into a meaningful whole. This allows them to recognize patterns and make decisions faster than novices.

Question 5

Grouping pieces of information together to expand the effective capacity of working memory is termed ___.
A) chunking
B) clumping
C) consolidating
D) compacting

Accepted Answer

Chunking involves grouping individual pieces of information together into larger, meaningful units, which increases the amount of information that can be held in working memory. Clumping, consolidating, and compacting are not accurate terms for this process.

Question 6

When you tell an acquaintance your telephone number,you do NOT recite the digits one by one at a constant rate,as in "3,3,7,2,3,4,8,3,9,2." Rather,you might say,"3,3,7....2,3,4....83,92." This exemplifies ___,a strategy to enhance ___ memory.
A) consolidation; sensory
B) consolidation; working
C) chunking; sensory
D) chunking; working

Accepted Answer

The strategy being exemplified in this scenario is chunking, where information is grouped together into larger units to aid memory. Additionally, since the information being remembered is a phone number (which is later used for a task), it falls under the category of working memory. Therefore, the correct choice is D - chunking; working.

Question 7

Which of the following would be least likely to be stored in long-term memory?
A) a song playing in the background while you are studying
B) material from your text book that you have read several times
C) the phone number of your best friend from high school
D) what you did for your fifteenth birthday

Accepted Answer

Information that is not relevant or meaningful to us, such as background noise or irrelevant stimuli, is less likely to be stored in long-term memory.

Question 8

Cody is a first-year undergraduate student and has been assigned a nine-digit student number.Cody thinks of the numbers as thee sets of three-digits as a way to memorize them easier.What strategy is Cody using?
A) priming
B) creating a hierarchy
C) rehearsal
D) chunking

Accepted Answer

Cody is using the strategy of chunking, where he is grouping the nine-digit student number into sets of three digits for easier memorization.

Question 9

Elzbieta has just been issued her SIN number,and she knows that it is very important to memorize it.She groups the numbers into three sets of three-digits to make it easier.What memory strategy is Elzbieta using?
A) priming
B) creating a hierarchy
C) rehearsal
D) chunking

Accepted Answer

Elzbieta is using the memory strategy of chunking, where she groups the nine-digit SIN number into three sets of three digits, making it easier to remember.

Question 10

From which of the three memory stages does information enter working memory?
A) long-term memory only
B) sensory memory only
C) both sensory and long-term memory
D) semantic memory only

Accepted Answer

Information can enter working memory from both sensory memory and long-term memory. Sensory memory holds information from our senses for a brief period of time, while long-term memory stores information for longer periods of time. When we attend to and actively process sensory information, it can be transferred to working memory, where it can be manipulated, stored temporarily, and used to complete tasks or solve problems. Therefore, both sensory and long-term memory contribute to the formation of working memory.

Question 11

Which of the following is a type of explicit memory?
A) classically conditioned memory
B) procedural memory
C) episodic memory
D) priming

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory is a type of explicit memory that involves recalling specific events or personal experiences. Classically conditioned memory, procedural memory, and priming are all forms of implicit memory, which involves unconscious or automatic memory processing.

Question 12

In the words of George Miller,the capacity of working memory is the "magical number ___."
A) nine, plus or minus two
B) six, plus or minus one
C) five, plus or minus two
D) seven, plus or minus two

Accepted Answer

George Miller proposed that the capacity of working memory is the "magical number seven, plus or minus two". This means that the average person can hold around 7 (give or take 2) items in their working memory at one time.

Question 13

Explicit memory is to ___ memory,as implicit memory is to ___ memory.
A) episodic; procedural
B) episodic; semantic
C) semantic; episodic
D) procedural; episodic

Accepted Answer

Explicit memory refers to conscious and intentional memory of personal experiences and information, while implicit memory is the unconscious and unintentional memory of skills and habits. Therefore, explicit memory is further divided into episodic (personal experiences) and semantic (facts and concepts) memory, while implicit memory is divided into procedural (skills and habits) memory. Choice A correctly matches the two types of memory.

Question 14

Memories that a person is consciously aware of knowing and can bring to mind at will are called
A) explicit.
B) episodic.
C) implicit.
D) semantic.

Accepted Answer

Explicit memories are memories that a person is consciously aware of knowing and can bring to mind at will. These memories are often factual and involve conscious recall of previous experiences or events. The other options (B, C, and D) refer to different types of memories that are not necessarily consciously accessible or easily retrieved.

Question 15

During an exam,Joe found that he could look at questions and know the meaning of acronyms such as PET,MRI,fMRI,PET,and ERP.Although he found it difficult to encode the spelling of each word because that surpassed his 7 ± 2 working memory capacity,he knew the meaning of each letter.This example illustrates which method used to expand working memory capacity?
A) spelling
B) temporal overload
C) chunking
D) episodic buffer

Accepted Answer

The example illustrates the use of chunking, where Joe is able to group the individual letters of an acronym into a meaningful unit, thus expanding his working memory capacity.

Question 16

Henrik is having his memory span assessed.Which of the following could he be asked to do as part of the assessment?
A) Remember the last time he went to a restaurant.
B) Listen to a list of words and then repeat them back in the same order.
C) Name all the Canadian provinces.
D) Tie his shoe.

Accepted Answer

The task of listening to a list of words and repeating them back in the same order is a common way to assess memory span. The other choices do not specifically test memory span.

Question 17

Which psychologist is correctly matched with the memory stage he or she studied?
A) Sperling; working memory
B) Loftus; sensory memory
C) Ebbinghaus; long-term memory
D) Miller; working memory

Accepted Answer

George A. Miller is known for his work on working memory, particularly the concept of the "magic number" 7±2, which refers to the number of items that can be held in working memory.

Question 18

To which of the following is working memory most nearly analogous?
A) a legal pad on which you jot temporary notes
B) a Post-It note reminding you of a future obligation
C) a file on a computer hard drive
D) a portrait hanging in a museum

Accepted Answer

Just like working memory, a legal pad is used to temporarily hold and manipulate information needed for immediate tasks. The information on the legal pad is not meant to be permanently stored, just like working memory does not store information indefinitely.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a type of implicit memory?
A) semantic memory
B) procedural memory
C) classically conditioned memory
D) priming

Accepted Answer

Semantic memory is a type of explicit memory that involves the conscious recollection of facts and concepts, whereas implicit memory is non-conscious and includes procedural memory, classically conditioned memory, and priming.

Question 20

Kieran's working construction and as the new guy,he's in charge of ordering lunch for all the guys.They quickly ramble off their orders and Kieran does his best to remember them all.If Kieran's memory is average,how many lunch orders should he correctly remember?
A) 3
B) 5
C) 7
D) 12

Accepted Answer

The average human can hold about 7 items (plus or minus 2) in their short-term memory, according to Miller's Law in psychology. This is often referred to as the "magic number 7."

Quiz 8: Memory

The capacity of long-term memory is _ that of working memory.Also,as compared to working memory,long-term memory is _ variable from person to person.

What is the capacity of working memory?

Tommy is repeating a series of digits in the order in which he heard an experimenter read them.The experimenter is testing the capacity of Tommy's _ memory.Tommy should be able to repeat about _ digits correctly.

Elite athletes who play team sports can quickly evaluate game dynamics and respond more quickly than novice players because they see meaningful patterns in the locations of opposing players.This is an example of ___.

Grouping pieces of information together to expand the effective capacity of working memory is termed ___.

When you tell an acquaintance your telephone number,you do NOT recite the digits one by one at a constant rate,as in "3,3,7,2,3,4,8,3,9,2." Rather,you might say,"3,3,7....2,3,4....83,92." This exemplifies _,a strategy to enhance _ memory.

Which of the following would be least likely to be stored in long-term memory?

Cody is a first-year undergraduate student and has been assigned a nine-digit student number.Cody thinks of the numbers as thee sets of three-digits as a way to memorize them easier.What strategy is Cody using?

Elzbieta has just been issued her SIN number,and she knows that it is very important to memorize it.She groups the numbers into three sets of three-digits to make it easier.What memory strategy is Elzbieta using?

From which of the three memory stages does information enter working memory?

Which of the following is a type of explicit memory?

In the words of George Miller,the capacity of working memory is the "magical number ___."

Explicit memory is to _ memory,as implicit memory is to _ memory.

Memories that a person is consciously aware of knowing and can bring to mind at will are called

Henrik is having his memory span assessed.Which of the following could he be asked to do as part of the assessment?

Which psychologist is correctly matched with the memory stage he or she studied?

To which of the following is working memory most nearly analogous?

Which of the following is NOT a type of implicit memory?

Kieran's working construction and as the new guy,he's in charge of ordering lunch for all the guys.They quickly ramble off their orders and Kieran does his best to remember them all.If Kieran's memory is average,how many lunch orders should he correctly remember?