Question 1

When you see an airplane flying away from you, it appears to get smaller. However, you know that it stays the same size. The difference between your sensation and your perception of the plane illustrates the concept of
A) perceptual constancy.
B) sensory confusion.
C) sensory consistency.
D) perceptual disparity.

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon described is an example of perceptual constancy, which is the ability to perceive objects as maintaining their size, shape, color, and other properties even as they change in sensory characteristics such as distance, angle, or lighting. In other words, the perception of the airplane as getting smaller is due to the way its retinal image changes as it moves away from the observer, but the sensation of the airplane as remaining the same size is based on the observer's prior knowledge and experience of how objects in the world typically behave.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true of perceptual narrowing?
A) It is a concept where infants are more likely to distinguish between faces to which they have been exposed than faces that they have never seen before.
B) It is a concept that involves the recovery of a habituated response after a change in stimulation.
C) It refers to decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations of the stimulus.
D) It refers to the ability to relate and integrate information from two or more sensory modalities, such as vision and hearing.

Accepted Answer

Perceptual narrowing is a phenomenon where infants become more adept at distinguishing between stimuli that they are frequently exposed to, while becoming less skilled at distinguishing between stimuli that they are not familiar with. This is especially true for faces, where infants can quickly learn to differentiate between faces of their own race or ethnicity, but may have difficulty distinguishing between faces of other races or ethnicities. Therefore, option A - "It is a concept where infants are more likely to distinguish between faces to which they have been exposed than faces that they have never seen before." - is the correct answer. Option B describes habituation, option C describes sensory adaptation, and option D describes multisensory integration, so they are not related to perceptual narrowing.

Question 3

Amber, a 4-month-old baby, knows that the form of a dinner plate remains the same whether it is flat on the table or standing in the dish drainer. In the context of perceptual constancy, Amber has most likely developed
A) shape retention.
B) depth constancy.
C) shape constancy.
D) color constancy.

Accepted Answer

Shape constancy is the ability to perceive an object as maintaining its shape despite any changes in orientation or distance. Therefore, if Amber understands that the form of the dinner plate remains the same regardless of whether it is flat on the table or standing in the dish drainer, she has developed shape constancy. The other options, shape retention, depth constancy, and color constancy, do not adequately describe Amber's perceptual ability in this situation.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about perceptual-motor coupling in infants is true?
A) Perception and motor activity occur separately in infants.
B) Infants continually coordinate their movements with perceptual information involving people.
C) The concept of perceptual-motor coupling does not develop until the ages of two to three.
D) Perceptual-motor coupling develops in children only by the age of five.

Accepted Answer

Perceptual-motor coupling refers to the way in which perception and motor activity are integrated or coordinated in infants. Research has shown that infants continually coordinate their movements with perceptual information, particularly when it comes to people. This integration is evidenced by how infants visually track moving objects before reaching for them or how they adjust their grip on objects based on their size and shape. Therefore, option B is the correct statement about perceptual-motor coupling in infants. The other statements are incorrect.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true of perceptual constancy?
A) Sensory stimulation remains constant, but perception of the physical world changes.
B) Sensory stimulation changes, but perception of the physical world remains constant.
C) Constant sensory stimulation receives a constant perceptual response.
D) Perception of the physical world remains constant because of limited visual acuity.

Accepted Answer

Perceptual constancy is the ability to perceive objects as maintaining stable properties, such as size, shape, and color, even when they are viewed from different angles or distances, or under different lighting conditions. Sensory stimulation (e.g. the image projected on the retina) changes when an object is viewed from different perspectives or in different lighting conditions. However, perceptual constancy allows us to perceive the object as remaining the same despite the changes in the sensory input.

Question 6

Baby Kendra, who is six days old, is presented with two breast pads: one that has been used by her mother and that smells of the mother and the other that has not been used at all. Which one will Kendra probably prefer?
A) Kendra will probably not show any preference.
B) Kendra will prefer the pad that has been used by the mother.
C) Kendra will prefer the clean breast pad.
D) Whether she shows a preference depends on whether she has been fed recently or not.

Accepted Answer

Newborn babies are attracted to the smell of their mother's milk and will typically show a preference for objects that have been in contact with their mother's scent. Therefore, Kendra will likely prefer the breast pad that has been used by her mother.

Question 7

Name the theorist who believed that infants assemble motor skills for perceiving and acting. He/she proposed the dynamic systems theory to explain these findings.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Name the theorist who believed that infants...

Question 8

The "visual cliff" experiment was used to measure
A) size constancy.
B) shape constancy.
C) visual acuity.
D) depth perception.

Accepted Answer

The visual cliff experiment is a classic experiment used to test depth perception in infants and animals by creating the illusion of a drop-off. The experiment consists of a plexiglass table with a checkerboard pattern on the bottom, positioned at two different heights. If an infant or animal perceives depth, they will avoid stepping off the "cliff" which indicates they have depth perception. Therefore, the visual cliff experiment was used to measure depth perception.

Question 9

The two types of perceptual constancy are
A) size constancy and shape constancy.
B) shape constancy and color constancy.
C) color constancy and speed constancy.
D) speed constancy and size constancy.

Accepted Answer

The two types of perceptual constancy are size constancy and shape constancy. Size constancy allows us to perceive objects as being the same size regardless of their distance from us, while shape constancy allows us to perceive objects as being the same shape regardless of their orientation.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true of an infant's color vision?
A) It usually mirrors that of an adult at birth.
B) Its development is independent of the experience of the infant.
C) Its development, in part, reflects maturation.
D) It usually approximates that of an adult by four months of age.

Accepted Answer

An infant's color vision develops gradually, in part reflecting maturation of the visual system. It is not fully developed at birth and progresses over the first several months of life, with most infants approximating an adult-like color vision by around six months of age. Experience also plays a role in color vision development, as infants' exposure to different colors and color contrasts can influence the maturation of their visual system.

Question 11

Winnie is considering the use of anesthesia during the circumcision of her newborn son. She wants to know if newborns can feel pain. What would you tell her?
A) Yes; recent research indicates that infants can feel pain.
B) No; infants cannot feel pain.
C) Maybe; research on the matter is inconclusive as of now.
D) Maybe; the level of pain felt depends on the newborn's resilience.

Accepted Answer

Recent research has indicated that newborns can indeed feel pain, so anesthesia may be useful during circumcision to minimize discomfort for the infant.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true about perception in infants?
A) Infants are not able to perceive the localization of a sound.
B) Newborns cannot hear soft sounds quite as well as adults can.
C) Infants are very sensitive to the pitch of a sound.
D) Infants are not able to perceive pain.

Accepted Answer

Newborns' auditory system is not fully developed, so they may not hear soft sounds as well as adults do. Infants can perceive the localization of a sound, are sensitive to the pitch of a sound, and can experience pain.

Question 13

Name the researcher who carefully observed and documented the development of motor skills in the 1930s. Based on this work, he/she concluded that motor development is entirely due to maturation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Name the researcher who carefully observed and...

Question 14

________ is the recognition that an object remains the same even though the retinal image of the object changes as you move toward or away from the object.
A) Shape constancy
B) Perceptual disparity
C) Size constancy
D) Perceptual occlusion

Accepted Answer

Size constancy is the recognition that objects remain the same size even though their retinal image changes due to changes in distance. Shape constancy refers to the recognition that objects maintain the same shape despite changes in orientation, and perceptual disparity and perceptual occlusion are not related to this concept.

Question 15

Amanda is 6 days old. Which of the following statements is true about Amanda's hearing?
A) Amanda is more sensitive to the pitch of a sound than an adult.
B) Amanda is able to hear low-pitched sounds better than high-pitched sounds.
C) Amanda is able to hear high-pitched sounds better than low-pitched sounds.
D) Amanda cannot determine the general location from where a sound is coming.

Accepted Answer

According to research, newborns like Amanda are more sensitive to high-pitched sounds than low-pitched sounds. This is because the structures in the inner ear that respond to high-pitched sounds are more developed at birth than those that respond to low-pitched sounds. Additionally, Amanda cannot determine the exact location from where a sound is coming, but she can determine the general direction.

Question 16

________ perception involves integrating information from two or more sensory modalities.
A) Extramodal
B) Intermodal
C) Intramodal
D) Multimodal

Accepted Answer

Intermodal perception involves integrating information from two or more sensory modalities.

Question 17

In the visual cliff experiment by Eleanor Gibson and Richard Walk, which of the following did most babies do when encouraged to crawl onto the deep side of the visual cliff?
A) They would crawl onto the cliff side.
B) They would not crawl onto the cliff side.
C) They would crawl onto the cliff side only when their mothers called them.
D) They would not crawl onto the cliff side but showed significant increases in heart rate, indicating anxiety.

Accepted Answer

Most babies showed an unwillingness to crawl onto the deep side of the visual cliff, indicating a visual perception of depth and fear of falling.

Question 18

The perspective on motor development that seeks to explain how motor behaviors are assembled for perceiving and acting is referred to as ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The perspective on motor development that seeks...

Question 19

John believes that his six-month-old baby, Ali, was born with the ability to perceive the world in an organized way. In the field of perceptual development, John would be described as a(n)
A) nativist.
B) empiricist.
C) naturalist.
D) perceptionist.

Accepted Answer

Nativists believe that certain abilities, such as perception, are innate and that children are born with the ability to perceive the world in a structured and organized way. This is opposed to empiricists who believe that perception is learned through experience in the environment. John believes that his baby was born with the ability to perceive, indicating that he is a nativist.

Question 20

Which of the following is true of intermodal perception?
A) It is the recognition that an object remains the same even though the retinal image of the object changes.
B) People's experience of the world as a smooth, unitary episode is made possible by intermodal perception.
C) It is the recognition that an object remains the same shape even though its orientation to people changes.
D) Early forms of intermodal perception become weaker with experience.

Accepted Answer

Intermodal perception is the ability to combine information from multiple senses to create a unified perception of the world. This ability allows people to experience the world as a smooth, unitary episode, rather than disjointed and fragmented sensory experiences. Option A refers to object constancy, option C refers to shape constancy, and there is no evidence for option D.

Quiz 4: Physical Development in Infancy

When you see an airplane flying away from you, it appears to get smaller. However, you know that it stays the same size. The difference between your sensation and your perception of the plane illustrates the concept of

Which of the following statements is true of perceptual narrowing?

Amber, a 4-month-old baby, knows that the form of a dinner plate remains the same whether it is flat on the table or standing in the dish drainer. In the context of perceptual constancy, Amber has most likely developed

Which of the following statements about perceptual-motor coupling in infants is true?

Which of the following statements is true of perceptual constancy?

Baby Kendra, who is six days old, is presented with two breast pads: one that has been used by her mother and that smells of the mother and the other that has not been used at all. Which one will Kendra probably prefer?

Name the theorist who believed that infants assemble motor skills for perceiving and acting. He/she proposed the dynamic systems theory to explain these findings.

The "visual cliff" experiment was used to measure

The two types of perceptual constancy are

Which of the following statements is true of an infant's color vision?

Winnie is considering the use of anesthesia during the circumcision of her newborn son. She wants to know if newborns can feel pain. What would you tell her?

Which of the following statements is true about perception in infants?

Name the researcher who carefully observed and documented the development of motor skills in the 1930s. Based on this work, he/she concluded that motor development is entirely due to maturation.

________ is the recognition that an object remains the same even though the retinal image of the object changes as you move toward or away from the object.

Amanda is 6 days old. Which of the following statements is true about Amanda's hearing?

________ perception involves integrating information from two or more sensory modalities.

In the visual cliff experiment by Eleanor Gibson and Richard Walk, which of the following did most babies do when encouraged to crawl onto the deep side of the visual cliff?

The perspective on motor development that seeks to explain how motor behaviors are assembled for perceiving and acting is referred to as ________.

John believes that his six-month-old baby, Ali, was born with the ability to perceive the world in an organized way. In the field of perceptual development, John would be described as a(n)

Which of the following is true of intermodal perception?