Question 1

Ting and her baby travel to visit Ting's mother in another state, and Grandma picks up the child on their arrival. At younger than 7 to 8 months of age, the baby MOST likely would show _____.

Accepted Answer

Infants at this age are generally able to recognize and respond to familiar faces, especially their primary caretakers, with happiness and excitement.

Question 2

Elaine is visiting her 13-month-old nephew, and the child gets agitated when she picks him up. Elaine should feel:

Accepted Answer

It is normal for babies around this age to experience stranger anxiety and get agitated when picked up by someone who is not their primary caregiver. Elaine should not take it personally and understand that it is a typical developmental phase.

Question 3

The phase of clear-cut attachment:

Accepted Answer

The phase of clear-cut attachment begins at about 7 or 8 months of age and lasts through toddlerhood (till about age 3). During this phase, the infant becomes more aware of individual people and develops a preference for certain individuals (usually primary caregivers). They start to show separation anxiety when separated from their attachment figures and use them as a secure base for exploration.

Question 4

One-year-old Gyan needs to be near his main caregiver, his father, all of the time. He gets uncomfortable when other adults pick him up. This response, in general, is:

Accepted Answer

It is normal for infants and toddlers to have a primary attachment figure and desire to be close to them. This is known as separation anxiety and typically peaks around 12-18 months of age. It is a healthy and normal part of development for infants to become attached to their caregivers and to want to be close to them for comfort and security. However, if the child's attachment to the father is so strong that he refuses to interact with or be comforted by any other adult, it may become excessive and impact his socialization skills.

Question 5

Eight-month-old Nate suddenly begins to cry when he is left at the babysitter's house, whereas before he never got upset. Nate is MOST likely crying because:

Accepted Answer

Eight months is a common age for infants to enter the phase of clear-cut attachment, where they become more aware of being apart from their primary attachment figure (usually the mother) and may show distress when separated from them. This is a normal developmental stage and does not necessarily indicate any issues with the babysitter or the parents' relationship. Option A (abuse) would be a more serious concern and should not be ruled out completely, but it is not a likely explanation solely based on the given information. Option C (abnormal trouble separating) is not necessarily the case as this behavior can be a normal part of development. Option D (marital troubles) is not a likely explanation as it is not directly related to the behavior of the baby at the babysitter's house.

Question 6

Five-month-old Tracey is more easily soothed by her father; she smiles and looks more at him than at others. Still, when Aunt Corrie comes for a visit, Tracey has no problem giving her a cuddle. Tracey is in the _____ phase.

Accepted Answer

The described behavior of Tracey suggests that she is in the attachment-in-the-making phase. This is where infants start to behave differently towards familiar and unfamiliar people, but they haven't formed a strong attachment with any particular caregiver yet. They may show a preference for one caregiver, but they are generally open to affection from others.

Question 7

Babies begin to use social referencing to pace and modify their behavior:

Accepted Answer

Social referencing, where babies look to caregivers to gauge how they should react to a situation, typically begins during the phase of clear-cut attachment, which occurs roughly between 6 and 8 months of age. This is when infants start to develop strong, specific attachments to their primary caregivers and use these attachments as a basis for their emotional and social development.

Question 8

The attachment response:

Accepted Answer

The attachment response is not limited to infancy and can be evoked at any time of life when people feel threatened or anxious. This is because attachment behaviors are innate survival mechanisms that help individuals seek out and maintain close relationships with caregivers or significant others. While attachment needs may shift and change over the course of development, the underlying mechanisms remain present throughout the lifespan.

Question 9

Juanita, age 5, goes to kindergarten happily and without any distress. The MOST likely reason is that Juanita is:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Juanita, age 5, goes to kindergarten happily...

Question 10

Which event is LEAST likely to evoke proximity-seeking behavior?

Accepted Answer

Arriving at a job is least likely to evoke proximity-seeking behavior as it is a neutral or even positive event. The other options (learning you have a serious disease, listening to your boss insult you, leaving for a dangerous part of the world) could lead to feelings of fear, insecurity, or uncertainty, which may trigger a desire for closeness and comfort from others.

Question 11

In explaining the attachment response, Dr. Love might make which of the following comments?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Love might make the comment that the attachment response is genetically built into the human species (and others). This is because research has shown that all mammalian species exhibit some form of attachment behavior between caregivers and offspring, suggesting a biological basis for this phenomenon.

Question 12

Attachment-in-the-making coincides with the onset of:

Accepted Answer

Attachment-in-the-making coincides with the onset of secondary circular reactions, which occur around 4 to 8 months of age, when infants start to show preferences for familiar people and begin forming attachments.

Question 13

If 1-year-old Erik doesn't seem to care when his mother leaves the room, and shows no reaction when she returns, Erik's attachment style is _____.

Accepted Answer

Erik's lack of reaction or attachment behavior when his mother leaves and returns suggests an avoidant attachment style. It is characterized by an indifference to the presence of the caregiver and a lack of distress when separated from them, indicating a disregard for the emotional bond with their primary caregiver.

Question 14

According to Bowlby, having a primary attachment figure is vital during:

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Bowlby, having a primary attachment...

Question 15

One-year-old Francisco is terribly clingy even when his mother is in the same room. If she leaves, he cries frantically and cannot be comforted by her when she returns. According to attachment theory, what is Francisco's attachment status?

Accepted Answer

Francisco's behavior is consistent with anxious-ambivalent attachment, which is characterized by clinginess, distress when separated from the caregiver, and difficulty being soothed upon reunion. This attachment style is often seen in children whose caregivers are inconsistent in their responsiveness, causing the child to feel anxious and unsure about the availability of their caregiver.

Question 16

If Mayumi is 1 month old, she MOST likely:

Accepted Answer

At one month old, infants are still in the early stages of development and have not yet developed the ability to differentiate between individuals or to express social emotions like smiling or preferring certain people. Therefore, it is most likely that Mayumi is indifferent to the human world at this stage of her development.

Question 17

Link the correct attachment style to the following descriptions: (1) thrilled when reunited with a caregiver; (2) confused, erratic response when reunited with a caregiver; (3) doesn't care when reunited with a caregiver.

Accepted Answer

(1) is a description of secure attachment, where the child is thrilled when reunited with a caregiver. 
(2) is a description of avoidant attachment, where the child has a confused and erratic response when reunited with a caregiver. 
(3) is a description of disorganized attachment, where the child doesn't seem to care when reunited with a caregiver. Therefore, the best choice is B: (1) secure; (2) disorganized; (3) avoidant.

Question 18

A baby's first social smile occurs at about 2 months of age and shows _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A baby's first social smile occurs at...

Question 19

At the park, 20-month-old Etan crawls through tunnels, throws sand everywhere, and lets a dog lick his face. But as he moves from one activity to another, he looks over his shoulder to see whether his father is watching. What is the name for Etan's behavior?

Accepted Answer

Etan's behavior of looking over his shoulder to see whether his father is watching is an example of social referencing, which is when infants and young children look to their caregivers for guidance and reassurance in uncertain situations. Etan is using his father's facial expressions and body language to determine whether his actions are appropriate or safe.

Question 20

The BEST sign that a 1-year-old is securely attached is when the child:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The BEST sign that a 1-year-old is...

Quiz 4: Infancy: Socioemotional Development