Question 1

Describe the developmental changes in aggression that occur over childhood.

Accepted Answer

From its life peak at around age 2, as children get older, rates of aggression decline and wounds to "the self" become salient provocations for aggressive acts. Also, as children move into elementary school, overt aggression (hitting, yelling, and screaming) is replaced by more indirect modes. In particular, during late elementary school and middle school, relational aggression-such as spreading rumors, teasing, and acting to destroy relationships-becomes especially common.

Question 2

According to Erik Erikson, the developmental task of early childhood is initiative, while the developmental task of middle childhood is _____.

Accepted Answer

industry

Question 3

Felix is a 10-year-old boy who is always in trouble for hurting other children, and has been labeled as an "antisocial child." Felix has decided that the world is out to get him, and he misreads even kind acts as insults. First, identify the developmental pathway that may have made Felix the person he is today, and then label his paranoid worldview.

Accepted Answer

Felix may have been an exuberant and/or difficult toddler; his inability to control himself may have provoked harsh discipline from his parents. Early in elementary school, Felix's aggressive, out-of-control behavior may have caused him to be rejected by his peers and teachers, further amplifying his hostility. This may have led to Felix being defined as an antisocial child, and possibly may have caused Felix to think, "The world is out to get me." The name for Felix's paranoid worldview is a hostile attributional bias.

Question 4

Akin is an exuberant child who has a very high opinion of himself and always seems to be in the center of any activity, whether or not his teacher wants him to be there. Minnie thinks very little of herself and has given up trying to make good grades. What steps might the teacher take to promote realistic self-esteem in Akin and Minnie?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Akin is an exuberant child who has...

Question 5

Explain the information-processing approach.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the information-processing approach....

Question 6

_____ refer to the skills involved in regulating and monitoring behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ refer to the skills involved in...

Question 7

The memory stage in which people transform material into information they later remember is called _____ memory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The memory stage in which people transform...

Question 8

Three fourth-grade children are in their school playground: a shy, anxious girl; a self-confident, happy child; and a child who has externalizing tendencies. The children are shocked to see a classmate run past them with an angry bird pecking her on the head. The girl is frightened and injured by the bird. What reactions might you expect from each of the children who witnessed the attack?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Three fourth-grade children are in their school...

Question 9

Maria is strongly opposed to the current emphasis on diagnosing U.S. children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), while Chilo argues that this category is valid and lifesaving. First, make Maria's case, and then make Chilo's case.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Maria is strongly opposed to the current...

Question 10

Eliza gets angry with her 5-year-old son when he doesn't follow her rules for proper behavior. When, at a pizza restaurant, he leaves the table without permission to watch the chef toss the dough, she punishes him for being disobedient. Based on the text discussion about the developing brain, what might be the reason for this child's rule breaking? Again, based on the text, what should Eliza be doing as a parent?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Eliza gets angry with her 5-year-old son...

Question 11

A third-grade girl is a rejected child. What might be causing her problems and how might her parents intervene?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A third-grade girl is a rejected child....

Question 12

Sam and Estevan, both fifth-graders, are best friends. Describe the main characteristics or qualities that made them "best buddies" and the developmental functions of their relationship.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sam and Estevan, both fifth-graders, are best...

Question 13

Describe several "executive function" differences between younger and older children, and spell out what adults can do about this.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe several "executive function" differences between younger...

Question 14

The MOST widely diagnosed health disorder among U.S. children, characterized by distractibility and restlessness, is _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The MOST widely diagnosed health disorder among...

Question 15

Neither Ramona nor Judy, both age 8, are able to get along with their classmates, although these girls have very different personalities. The school counselor has told the teacher that Ramona has externalizing tendencies, while Judy has internalizing tendencies. What behaviors would you expect from Ramona and Judy? What is the self-esteem risk for each girl?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Neither Ramona nor Judy, both age 8,...

Question 16

Neural pruning begins around age 9 in the _____ lobes of the brain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Neural pruning begins around age 9 in...

Question 17

You are devising a questionnaire to predict how much a particular elementary school-aged child plays outside. Based on this chapter, what items might you include?

Accepted Answer

The answer of You are devising a questionnaire to predict...

Question 18

_____ refers to the ability to filter out unnecessary stimuli and focus on what is important.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ refers to the ability to filter...

Question 19

At age 7, Anthony is in the stage of _____ childhood.

Accepted Answer

The answer of At age 7, Anthony is in the...

Question 20

The ratio of a person's height to weight is called that individual's _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ratio of a person's height to...

Quiz 6: Middle Childhood