Question 1

Fifteen-year-old Evelyn believes that everyone is watching and evaluating everything that she does. In David Elkind's adolescent egocentrism framework, this hypersensitivity to the opinions of others is called:
A) the personal fable.
B) preoperational development.
C) the imaginary audience.
D) concrete operations.

Accepted Answer

The hypersensitivity to the opinions of others that Evelyn is experiencing is called the imaginary audience in David Elkind's adolescent egocentrism framework. The imaginary audience refers to the belief that everyone is constantly watching and evaluating our behavior, just like an audience watching a performance. This can lead to feelings of self-consciousness and pressure to conform to social norms. Choice A (the personal fable) is characterized by the belief that one is unique and invincible, while choice B (preoperational development) and choice D (concrete operations) refer to stages in Piaget's cognitive development theory, which are not directly related to adolescent egocentrism.

Question 2

If Beatrice was the first person in her family to attend high school, she MOST likely was a teenager during the late:
A) 1930s.
B) 1950s.
C) 1970s.
D) 1890s.

Accepted Answer

In the late 1930s, high school education was becoming more accessible and common, but it was still not universal. Prior to this period, especially in rural areas and among lower-income families, not everyone attended high school. Beatrice being the first in her family to attend high school suggests a time when secondary education was starting to become more widespread, aligning with the societal changes of the late 1930s.

Question 3

Fourteen-year-old Deirdre argues with her parents, experiments with smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol, and is incredibly sensitive to the opinions of her peers. According to an evolutionary psychologist, Deirdre's risk-taking tendencies and excessive emotionality:
A) allow her to be punished more readily, permitting better cognitive development.
B) allow her to leave home at an earlier time.
C) make it less likely that she will become involved in dangerous activities in her twenties.
D) serve to push her into the world and to construct a successful adult life.

Accepted Answer

According to evolutionary psychology, risk-taking behavior and emotional sensitivity during adolescence serve a purpose in preparing individuals for adulthood. These behaviors push young people to explore their environment, seek out new experiences, and develop adaptive coping mechanisms. By pushing boundaries and taking risks, adolescents gain valuable knowledge and skills that will help them navigate the challenges of adulthood. Therefore, Deirdre's tendencies to experiment and take risks may serve to construct a successful adult life.

Question 4

In contrast to most U.S. teens, which tends to be true of immigrant teens from collectivist cultures?
A) They have more freedom and few rules.
B) They may be forced to assume the role of the family "adults" (taking care of their parents).
C) They have similar values to their parents.
D) They prioritize individual success because of their privation as children.

Accepted Answer

Immigrant teens from collectivist cultures may be expected to take on adult responsibilities, such as caring for their parents or younger siblings, due to the cultural emphasis on family and interdependence. This is in contrast to the more individualistic values often prioritized by U.S. teens, who may have greater freedom and fewer expectations to fulfill familial obligations.

Question 5

According to the text, the social status group known as the "Brains" tended to have _____ depression in elementary school and _____ depression in high school.
A) low; high
B) high; high
C) low; low
D) high; low

Accepted Answer

The "Brains" group experienced low depression in elementary school due to their academic success and possibly positive reinforcement from teachers and parents. However, as they progressed to high school, the pressure to maintain high academic standards, competition, and possibly social isolation could lead to higher levels of depression.

Question 6

Michelle is a teenage girl who lives in an affluent community. According to the text, Michelle's mother might be on special alert for:
A) suicide.
B) nonsuicidal self-injury.
C) heroin or methamphetamine abuse.
D) schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

The text mentions that Michelle lives in an affluent community, which has been correlated with higher rates of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents. Therefore, Michelle's mother might be on special alert for NSSI. Suicide, heroin or methamphetamine abuse, and schizophrenia are not specifically mentioned in the text as relevant concerns for Michelle's mother.

Question 7

Twenty-year-old Tracey describes herself as having not been very happy in elementary school, but as having the "best time of her life" in high school. Tracey MOST likely was in which high school social group?
A) popular kids
B) intellectual kids
C) deviant kids
D) nerds

Accepted Answer

Tracey's description of high school as the "best time of her life" suggests that she was well-liked and socially successful, which is typically associated with the popular kids group.

Question 8

Sixteen-year-old Mark believes that everyone notices and evaluates the way he talks after he recently had braces put on his teeth. This tendency for adolescents to become obsessed with what others might think about them is called:
A) adolescent egocentrism.
B) preoperational development.
C) adolescence-limited turmoil.
D) concrete operations.

Accepted Answer

Adolescent egocentrism refers to the heightened self-consciousness that many adolescents experience, where they believe that they are constantly being watched and evaluated by others. This can lead to preoccupation with appearance or behavior, as seen in Mark's concern about how his braces affect his appearance. Preoperational development and concrete operations refer to stages of cognitive development in children, while adolescence-limited turmoil is a term used to describe the temporary struggles that some adolescents experience during their teenage years. None of these are directly applicable to Mark's situation.

Question 9

Tara's family might expect to see which change when she becomes a teen?
A) decreased risk taking
B) more emotional stability
C) more sensitivity to what her peers think
D) high levels of emotional disturbance

Accepted Answer

As teenagers value their peer relationships more than any other social factor, they become more conscious of what others think of them. This is why Tara's family can expect her to become more sensitive to what her peers think of her.

Question 10

The "brainy" high school crowd tends to be a high-status group.

Accepted Answer

The "brainy" high school crowd, often stereotypically labeled as "nerds" or "geeks," traditionally does not hold a high-status position in the social hierarchy of high school, where athletes and those with more socially dominant traits tend to be viewed as higher status.

Question 11

According to the text, most adolescents become interested in romantic partners during _____ school.
A) early elementary
B) late middle
C) early high
D) late high

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the text, most adolescents become...

Question 12

Joseph was a conscientious objector during World War II because he believed that all wars are immoral. Joseph is in Lawrence Kohlberg's _____ stage of moral development, because Joseph is using his own moral guidelines to guide his behavior, apart from society's rules.
A) preconventional
B) conventional
C) postconventional
D) hyperconventional

Accepted Answer

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, individuals reach the postconventional stage when they develop their own personal moral guidelines that might contradict societal norms and rules. Joseph's decision to be a conscientious objector due to his belief that all wars are immoral is an example of postconventional morality.

Question 13

Antisocial behavior that persists into adulthood is called:
A) life-course difficulties.
B) adolescence-limited turmoil.
C) zero-tolerance.
D) the school-to-prison pipeline.

Accepted Answer

Life-course difficulties refer to persistent antisocial behavior that extends from adolescence into adulthood. Option B refers to antisocial behavior that is limited to the teenage years. Option C refers to a law enforcement policy rather than a description of behavior. Option D refers to a phenomenon where students are pushed out of school and into the criminal justice system, rather than describing persistent antisocial behavior.

Question 14

In impoverished countries, teenagers have a long adolescence since there is little waiting for them as adults.

Accepted Answer

In impoverished countries, adolescence is often shortened due to economic pressures and societal expectations, leading teenagers to take on adult responsibilities at a younger age.

Question 15

Victor is a 16-year-old boy. According to the text, which activities might best predict Victor's competence, confidence, and occupational success in future years?
A) having a part-time job
B) having a romantic relationship
C) having interests in a range of school-related clubs
D) coming home right after school to study for hours

Accepted Answer

Having interests in a range of school-related clubs shows that Victor is involved and active in extracurricular activities, which can contribute to his competence, confidence, and social skills. Additionally, being involved in clubs may lead to opportunities for leadership positions, networking, and developing specialized skills, which can all be beneficial for occupational success in the future. The other choices (having a part-time job, having a romantic relationship, and spending hours studying after school) may have some benefits, but alone are not strong predictors of competence, confidence, and occupational success.

Question 16

When the "bad guys" crowd gets together, they model the member with the BEST social skills.

Accepted Answer

The "bad guys" crowd typically models the member with the most influence or power, not necessarily the one with the best social skills.

Question 17

Jeremiah's parents have a great deal of difficulty with their 15-year-old son. He continually argues with them and tests their rules. According to the research, as this boy reaches late adolescence, this urge to rebel MOST likely will:
A) increase.
B) remain the same.
C) decrease.
D) grow incrementally.

Accepted Answer

As adolescents reach late adolescence, they tend to become more accepting of authority figures and their values. Their need for autonomy and independence diminishes, and they shift their focus towards developing their own identities. Therefore, Jeremiah's urge to rebel is likely to decrease as he enters late adolescence.

Question 18

Pauline's parents have been encouraging her to consider colleges that are "not close to home," in order to explore her independence and become a "separate person." Pauline MOST likely lives in a more _____ culture.
A) collectivistic
B) individualistic
C) uncaring
D) marginalized

Accepted Answer

Encouraging someone to explore their independence and become a separate person is a value that aligns more with individualistic cultures, which prioritize individualism, independence and self-reliance, as opposed to collectivistic cultures, which emphasize interdependence and loyalty to the group.

Question 19

Pedro is from a large, impoverished family, and has been involved in some gang activity. His mother has been invited to participate in a study that would involve moving Pedro and his family to a safer middle-class community. According to the text, you might advise her to:
A) go for it; Pedro will find people who can keep him out of gang activity.
B) be cautious; this move might backfire because some children might see Pedro as "different."
C) go for it; Pedro should do better in this new environment.
D) not move; Pedro will be unlikely to show real changes.

Accepted Answer

Moving to a new community might backfire as Pedro could be seen as "different" by other children, potentially leading to social challenges.

Question 20

Jessica spends most of her time with a group of five other teenage girls who share her attitudes and interests in the same activities. Jessica's group is called a:
A) crowd.
B) dyad.
C) gang.
D) clique.

Accepted Answer

A group of six teenage girls who share attitudes and interests and spend most of their time together is called a clique.

Quiz 9: Cognitive and Socioemotional Development

Fifteen-year-old Evelyn believes that everyone is watching and evaluating everything that she does. In David Elkind's adolescent egocentrism framework, this hypersensitivity to the opinions of others is called:

If Beatrice was the first person in her family to attend high school, she MOST likely was a teenager during the late:

Fourteen-year-old Deirdre argues with her parents, experiments with smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol, and is incredibly sensitive to the opinions of her peers. According to an evolutionary psychologist, Deirdre's risk-taking tendencies and excessive emotionality:

In contrast to most U.S. teens, which tends to be true of immigrant teens from collectivist cultures?

According to the text, the social status group known as the "Brains" tended to have _ depression in elementary school and _ depression in high school.

Michelle is a teenage girl who lives in an affluent community. According to the text, Michelle's mother might be on special alert for:

Twenty-year-old Tracey describes herself as having not been very happy in elementary school, but as having the "best time of her life" in high school. Tracey MOST likely was in which high school social group?

Sixteen-year-old Mark believes that everyone notices and evaluates the way he talks after he recently had braces put on his teeth. This tendency for adolescents to become obsessed with what others might think about them is called:

Tara's family might expect to see which change when she becomes a teen?

The "brainy" high school crowd tends to be a high-status group.

According to the text, most adolescents become interested in romantic partners during _____ school.

Joseph was a conscientious objector during World War II because he believed that all wars are immoral. Joseph is in Lawrence Kohlberg's _____ stage of moral development, because Joseph is using his own moral guidelines to guide his behavior, apart from society's rules.

Antisocial behavior that persists into adulthood is called:

In impoverished countries, teenagers have a long adolescence since there is little waiting for them as adults.

Victor is a 16-year-old boy. According to the text, which activities might best predict Victor's competence, confidence, and occupational success in future years?

When the "bad guys" crowd gets together, they model the member with the BEST social skills.

Jeremiah's parents have a great deal of difficulty with their 15-year-old son. He continually argues with them and tests their rules. According to the research, as this boy reaches late adolescence, this urge to rebel MOST likely will:

Pauline's parents have been encouraging her to consider colleges that are "not close to home," in order to explore her independence and become a "separate person." Pauline MOST likely lives in a more _____ culture.

Pedro is from a large, impoverished family, and has been involved in some gang activity. His mother has been invited to participate in a study that would involve moving Pedro and his family to a safer middle-class community. According to the text, you might advise her to:

Jessica spends most of her time with a group of five other teenage girls who share her attitudes and interests in the same activities. Jessica's group is called a: