Question 1

Ernst is jealous that several of his friends are going through puberty but he has not started yet.He eagerly keeps checking for signs that his body is changing.Ernst knows he should be experiencing all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The development of a more rounded jaw is not a typical sign of puberty. The other options listed are all common changes that occur during puberty.

Question 2

Justin's mother believes that Justin,a nine-month-old,is still in Piaget's sensorimotor stage of cognitive development.To test this belief,which of the following could she try?

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's sensorimotor stage, infants learn about the world through their senses and actions, and develop object permanence (the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight) around 8-12 months of age. Hiding Justin's favorite toy underneath a couch cushion and seeing whether he looks for it tests his understanding of object permanence, which is a key aspect of this stage. The other options either do not relate to cognitive development or do not specifically test for object permanence.

Question 3

Peipei has a great group of American friends,is active in her school's theater,and works at a restaurant.Peipei also spends time helping out her extended Chinese family,who only speak Mandarin,by taking them to doctor appointments and translating for them.Peipei has successfully developed a(n)

Accepted Answer

Peipei has successfully developed a bicultural identity by balancing her involvement in both American and Chinese cultures. She has American friends, is active in American extracurricular activities, and works at an American restaurant, but she also helps her Chinese family and translates for them.

Question 4

Monique has noticed some hair growing on her armpits and that she is accumulating fat on her hips.These changes Monique is experiencing are most likely related to

Accepted Answer

The changes described, including hair growth and fat accumulation, are typical changes that occur during puberty in girls. This is the period of time during which secondary sex characteristics develop, and the body undergoes hormonal changes.

Question 5

Over dinner one night,your little sister tells you how she is being picked on at school by two other students.Rowan has been calling her names during class for the past few weeks.Marty has been sending her offensive text messages and intimidating e-mails.Together,Rowan is engaging in ________ bullying and Marty is engaging in ________ bullying.

Accepted Answer

Rowan is engaging in verbal bullying by calling her names while in class, while Marty is engaging in cyberbullying by sending offensive text messages and intimidating e-mails. Therefore, the correct choice is A) verbal; cyber.

Question 6

Dr.Woolston is interested in studying teenagers' social lives and the challenges they face.Dr.Woolston should consult with his colleague ________,who would argue that the main difficulty teenagers face is forming a sense of ________.

Accepted Answer

Erik Erikson is known for his theory of psychosocial development, which includes eight stages. The fifth stage, occurring during adolescence, involves the struggle to establish a sense of identity vs. confusion. Therefore, Dr. Woolston's colleague should be Erikson, and the main difficulty teenagers face is forming a sense of identity.

Question 7

Simon is learning about the alphabet.He learns the letter O because it is round.If Simon sees the letter C and thinks it is the letter O because it is round,________ has occurred.If he sees the letter C and thinks it must be a different letter because it is NOT completely round,________ has occurred.

Accepted Answer

If Simon sees the letter C and thinks it is the letter O because it is round, he is using assimilation, which is the process of fitting new information into existing cognitive schemas. 
If he sees the letter C and thinks it must be a different letter because it is NOT completely round, he is using accommodation, which is the process of changing or adapting existing cognitive schemas in response to new information.

Question 8

Olivia begins menstruating at age eight.Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this occurrence?

Accepted Answer

Early onset of menstruation, also known as precocious puberty, can be caused by various factors such as exposure to environmental toxins, obesity, certain medical conditions, or emotional stress. Living in a stressful, unstable household can disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, which is responsible for regulating the reproductive system, and trigger early puberty.

Question 9

Thirteen-year-old Sasha has a hard time getting along with her siblings because she often feels emotional and acts irrationally.She knows that she overreacts to their teasing,but she cannot help it.Sasha's feelings are most likely due to activation in her

Accepted Answer

The limbic system is responsible for regulating emotions and motivation. It includes structures such as the amygdala and hippocampus, and is known to be involved in emotional responses, memory formation, and decision making. Sasha's difficulty with regulating her emotions suggests that her limbic system may be overly active.

Question 10

Ming is learning English and today learned that the word talking is made up of two units of meaning: talk and ing.Ming is learning about

Accepted Answer

Morphemes are the smallest units of meaning in language, and "talk" and "ing" are both morphemes in the word "talking."

Question 11

Elaine travels around the world observing how children learn language.Elaine has written a book to relate her findings in which she discusses the fact that

Accepted Answer

Elaine's findings suggest that the first words children use are typically used to identify objects or describe simple actions. This is consistent with the research on language acquisition and the general patterns observed across languages and cultures. Choice A is incorrect because while culture can influence the specific words and phrases that children hear, the stages of language acquisition are largely universal. Choice B is also incorrect because children can and do create their own words or combine words they have heard in new ways. Choice D is incorrect because the literacy of the parents is not a strong predictor of language acquisition rates in children.

Question 12

Janice is learning about the alphabet and how to read,but she is struggling to make the s and z sounds.Janice is having difficulty with

Accepted Answer

Phonemes are the smallest units of sound in language, and they can be difficult for learners to distinguish and produce correctly. Janice's struggle with the /s/ and /z/ sounds indicates difficulty with phonemes. Morphemes refer to the smallest units of meaning in language, syntax refers to the rules governing sentence structure, and babbling is a prelinguistic stage of language development.

Question 13

Phillip cannot wait for his son Baxter to start saying words so that Phillip can finally understand what Baxter needs.Phillip knows that for most babies,this will occur at around ________ months.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Phillip cannot wait for his son Baxter...

Question 14

In front of Chris,Tasha pours the same amount of water into a short,fat glass and a tall,thin glass.She then asks Chris which glass has more water.If Chris is six years old,he is most likely to answer that

Accepted Answer

At the age of six, children often focus on the height of containers rather than their overall volume when comparing amounts of liquid, leading them to perceive the taller container as holding more.

Question 15

Giovanni is having difficulty learning English.He keeps putting verbs at the end of sentences.For example,instead of saying "The dog ate the bone," he says,"The dog the bone ate." Giovanni is having trouble with

Accepted Answer

Giovanni is having difficulty with the arrangement of words in a sentence, which is syntax. Syntax refers to the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language. The other options are not relevant to Giovanni's difficulty with placing verbs at the end of sentences.

Question 16

Robby is 11 months old and has begun making speech sounds like "baba" and "momo." On the other hand,16-month-old Rebecca can produce two-word sentences like "Daddy eat" and "Mama give." Robby's speech is ________,whereas Rebecca's speech is ________.

Accepted Answer

Robby's speech is babbling because he is producing repetitive sounds without any discernible meaning, while Rebecca's speech is telegraphic because she is using two-word combinations to convey basic ideas. This is a normal progression in language development. Overregularization occurs when a child applies a grammatical rule too broadly, such as saying "goed" instead of "went."

Question 17

Gretchen is excited when her son Brian demonstrates that he has developed theory of mind and will now be able to

Accepted Answer

Theory of mind refers to the ability to understand that others have beliefs, desires, and intentions that guide their actions. Therefore, when Brian demonstrates theory of mind, he would be able to understand that his mom has intentions that guide her actions. Option A is incorrect because the development of theory of mind does not necessarily mean that a person begins to think of themselves as having mental and physical capabilities. Option B is also incorrect because theory of mind does not necessarily involve predicting how one might behave in various situations. Option C is incorrect because theory of mind actually leads to decreased egocentrism and an increased ability to take the perspective of others.

Question 18

Evan is in preschool and uses overregularization when speaking.Which of the following is he most likely to say?

Accepted Answer

Overregularization refers to the overapplication of grammatical rules, often resulting in incorrect usage. For example, young children may apply the "-ed" ending to irregular past tense verbs like "hit", resulting in "hitted" instead of "hit". Therefore, the statement "He hitted me with a stick" is an example of overregularization.

Question 19

Allie has just gone through puberty,and the rapid development of her frontal cortex is causing her to

Accepted Answer

The rapid development of the frontal cortex during and after puberty enhances cognitive functions such as flexible and critical thinking, though it may still be maturing, leading to some difficulties in these areas.

Question 20

Kane and MJ are sitting across from each other drawing pictures of their family room.When asked to draw the family room from MJ's perspective,Kane draws a picture of what he can see himself.Kane is likely in the ________ stage of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

Kane's drawing of the family room from his own perspective suggests that he is in the preoperational stage of cognitive development, which is characterized by an egocentric perspective and difficulty understanding different points of view.

Quiz 4: Development Across the Life Span