Question 1

Dr. Naomi recommended to her colleague that she randomly assign all of her research participants to help reduce errors due to individual differences, as well as randomly assign the sequence of interventions administered to each group of participants. This practice helps to reduce:

Accepted Answer

Randomly assigning the sequence of interventions helps to reduce order effects, which are biases that can occur when the order in which treatments are administered affects the outcome.

Question 2

Dr. Timmons is examining reality-based therapy, radical honesty therapy, and Rogerian therapy in relation to overall relationship satisfaction and self-esteem. Dr. Timmons is examining how many levels in the first independent variable?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Timmons is examining three different types of therapy, so the first independent variable has three levels.

Question 3

Dr. Timmons is examining reality-based therapy, radical honesty therapy, and Rogerian therapy in relation to relationship satisfaction and self-esteem. Dr. Timmons is using why type of design?

Accepted Answer

A factorial design allows for the examination of multiple independent variables and their effects on an outcome. In this case, Dr. Timmons is examining three different types of therapy and their effects on relationship satisfaction and self-esteem.

Question 4

According to research conducted in 2007 what percent of males are diagnosed with anorexia nervosa?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to research conducted in 2007 what...

Question 5

Dr. Cunne is examining the effect of parental self-reported stress (mother only) and parental education on their child's academic functioning. Dr. Cunne is examining how many main effects based on this research study?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Cunne is examining two main effects: the effect of parental self-reported stress and the effect of parental education on the child's academic functioning.

Question 6

Dr. Kraft is examining the effect of parental supportive listening and volunteer activity on delinquent behaviors and academic progress in adolescent males. Dr. Kraft is examining how many interaction effects based on this research study?

Accepted Answer

There are two independent variables being studied (parental supportive listening and volunteer activity) and their effect on two dependent variables (delinquent behaviors and academic progress), resulting in two possible interaction effects. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

Question 7

In research designs it is important to be aware of the _____, which is the minimum standard score on a given measure that reliably differentiates test takers.

Accepted Answer

The minimum standard score that reliably differentiates test takers is referred to as the floor effect, which indicates that the measure is too difficult and many test takers score at the lowest level. The ceiling effect, on the other hand, indicates that the measure is too easy and many test takers score at the highest level. The expectancy effect refers to the phenomenon where a researcher's expectations influence the outcomes of the study, while suppression effect is not a commonly used term in research methods.

Question 8

Dr. Kraft is examining the effect of parental supportive listening and volunteer activity on delinquent behaviors and academic progress in adolescent males. Dr. Kraft is examining how many main effects based on this research study?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr. Kraft is examining the effect of...

Question 9

Kanisha is interested in determining whether having snow on Christmas makes people feel more interpersonal warmth. All of her participants completed a measure of interpersonal warmth prior to Christmas, and then completed the measure of interpersonal warmth following snow on Christmas . She is looking at whether there is a unique change in the participant's overall feelings of interpersonal warmth and socialization change as a result of experiencing a snowy holiday. Kanisha is using what type of methodology?

Accepted Answer

Kanisha is comparing the same group of participants before and after the snowfall, which is an example of within-subjects methodology. It allows for more control over individual differences and increases statistical power.

Question 10

Dr. Timmons is examining reality-based therapy, radical honesty therapy, and Rogerian therapy in relation to relationship satisfaction and self-esteem. Dr. Timmons is using what type of design?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Timmons is examining three types of therapy (reality-based, radical honesty, and Rogerian) and two outcomes (relationship satisfaction and self-esteem), which corresponds to a 3 × 2 mixed design.

Question 11

Researchers who us a waiting-list control group offer what kind of treatment following completion of the study?

Accepted Answer

Researchers who use a waiting-list control group typically offer the best treatment available as determined by the research to the participants in the control group following completion of the study. This is done to ensure that all participants receive optimal care and to maintain ethical standards in research.

Question 12

Dr. Quizel recommended to his colleague that he randomly assign all of his research participants to help reduce errors due to individual differences, as well as randomly assign the sequence of interventions administered to each group of participants. This practice helps to reduce order effects. This is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Counterbalancing refers to the practice of randomly assigning participants to different sequences of interventions, which helps to decrease the likelihood of order effects. Random assignment, while also an important practice, refers to the practice of randomly assigning participants to different groups. Practice effects and carryover effects both refer to potential sources of error in research, but are not directly related to the practice described in the prompt.

Question 13

Dr. Cunne is examining the effect of parental self-reported stress (mother only) and parental education on their child's academic functioning. Dr. Cunne is examining how many interaction effects based on this research study?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Cunne is examining the interaction effect between parental self-reported stress and parental education on the child's academic functioning. Since there are two independent variables (parental stress and education), there is only one interaction effect being examined.

Question 14

Dr. Marcus reviews that waiting-list control groups are not always appropriate even if it would help answer a set of hypotheses. Dr. Marcus notes that one of the major reasons that a waiting-list control group would not be appropriate for a study is:

Accepted Answer

It would be unethical and potentially harmful to delay treatment to research participants if a waiting-list control group were used.

Question 15

Dr. Thurman has decided that she wants to represent all local ethnicities in her upcoming study. She receives census data for the 100 miles encompassing her university and finds that the composition of local residents is as follows: 30% white, 43% Native American, 12% Hispanic, and 15% African American. Dr. Thurman intends to have her participant pool reflect similarly to the census data. She most likely plans to use what type of sampling procedure?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Thurman is interested in representing all local ethnicities in her study, and the best sampling procedure to do so is stratified random sampling. This procedure involves dividing the population into subgroups (in this case, ethnicities) and then randomly selecting participants from each subgroup to ensure a representative sample. This way, Dr. Thurman can ensure that her participant pool reflects the composition of the local residents in terms of ethnicity.

Question 16

Dr. Timmons is examining reality-based therapy, radical honesty therapy, and Rogerian therapy in relation to overall relationship satisfaction and self-esteem. Dr. Timmons is examining how many independent variables in this study?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr. Timmons is examining reality-based therapy, radical...

Question 17

Dr. Rivera is examining the effect of treatment on Internet addiction. He is comparing the additive effect of antidepressant, antianxiety, and sedative medications on the compulsion to use the Internet. Dr. Rivera randomly assigns participants into conditional groups. Theo believes he has been taking an antidepressant medication for the last 6 weeks; however, at the debriefing he learns he was taking a water pill. Theo was most likely in what type of group?

Accepted Answer

Theo was most likely in a placebo group, where participants are given a treatment that has no active ingredients or therapeutic effect, but is believed by the participant to be a real medication. This type of control group is used to assess the true effectiveness of the treatment being tested by providing a baseline against which to compare the actual treatment group.

Question 18

Dr. Narzo randomly assigns 30 participants to start with condition A, the next 30 to start with condition B, and the final 30 to start with condition C first. All participants are eventually exposed to all conditions. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

This is an example of counterbalancing, where participants are randomly assigned to different sequences of conditions to control for order effects.

Question 19

Dr. Kraft is examining the effect of parental supportive listening and volunteer activity on delinquent behaviors and academic progress in adolescent males. Which of the following does NOT represent a main effect addressed in this study?

Accepted Answer

The main effects being examined in this study are parental supportive listening, volunteer activity, and academic progress, and how they relate to delinquent behaviors in adolescent males. Therefore, option B, which suggests that academic progress's effect on delinquent behaviors is being examined, is not a main effect addressed in this study.

Question 20

Dr. Lee has is examining social media practices among college students. All college students enrolled in the university have an equal chance of being randomly selected to participate in her study and receive an email link to a survey. She most likely plans to use what type of sampling procedure?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr. Lee has is examining social media...

Quiz 12: Mixed Design: Which Therapy Is Best for Treating Eating Disorders