Question 1

What is meant by the notion that mental illness is a social construction? How does cross-cultural research suggest that psychopathology is universal rather than a social construction?

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Question 2

Explain how the insights of (a) Pythagoras, (b) Hippocrates, and (c) Galen are reflected in the present-day sciences of normal and abnormal behavior.

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Question 3

The idea that the prefrontal cortex may inhibit the impulses of such limbic system structures as the amygdala reflects Hughlings Jackson's principle of ______.

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Question 4

Disorders as diverse as major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and schizophrenia may be treated with drugs called ______ medications.

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Question 5

Abnormal psychology has been enriched not only by the evolutionary perspective but also by the ______ perspective, which emphasizes the importance of the information, skills, values, and attitudes that one acquires from other people.

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Question 6

One example of an existential-humanistic therapy is Greenberg's ______-focused therapy, also called process-experiential therapy.

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Question 7

The behavior and ______ perspective on psychopathology is MOST likely to emphasize signs and symptoms.

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Question 8

The term ______ refers to the negative attitudes that might cause people to avoid those with a mental illness.

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Question 9

One limitation of behaviorism is that it ignores internal processes.

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Behaviorism focuses solely on observable behavior and ignores the role of internal mental processes such as thoughts, emotions, and motivations in shaping behavior. This limitation has led to the development of other approaches such as cognitive psychology which emphasizes the importance of these internal processes.

Question 10

From the cognitive behavioral perspective, dysfunctional thinking is common to all psychological disturbances.

Accepted Answer

According to cognitive behavioral theory, dysfunctional thinking patterns such as negative self-talk, cognitive distortions, and irrational beliefs are at the core of many psychological disorders. Therefore, dysfunctional thinking is seen as a common factor across various psychological disturbances.

Question 11

______ is the study of psychological dysfunctions that a person experiences in terms of distress or impairment in functioning.

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Question 12

Benjamin ______ signed the Declaration of Independence and is considered the "father of American psychiatry."

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Question 13

When neuroscientists investigate how mental processes arise from the brain, their work reflects a problem highlighted by the French philosopher ______ at the beginning of the Renaissance.

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Question 14

Suppose a friend is considering visiting a humanistic-experiential psychotherapist. Briefly outline several themes of humanistic-experiential therapy you might describe when she asks you what you think this type of therapy might be like.

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Question 15

List the three perspectives that form the themes of the textbook. Suggest how each perspective may enrich our understanding of anxiety or depression.

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Question 16

John Watson suggested that the proper study of psychology is both behavior and the mind.

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John Watson, the founder of behaviorism, suggested that the proper study of psychology should be observable behavior, not the mind or consciousness.

Question 17

How were Sigmund Freud's theories influenced by the neurologist John Hughlings Jackson?

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Question 18

Identify the positive and negative consequences of the deinstitutionalization of the mentally ill that began in the 1950s. How might the negative consequences be mitigated? Suggest how stigma might hamper the mitigation of these consequences.

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Question 19

Define stigma, and discuss how it may influence how people with psychological disorders are perceived and treated.

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Question 20

Name three people who were important proponents of the idea of localization of function in the brain. Describe their contributions. Why was localization of function an important discovery in the history of psychology?

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Quiz 1: An Overview of Psychopathology and Changing Conceptualizations of Mental Illness