Question 1

Persons with a spoiled identity tend to be:
A) high in social status but rejected by society.
B) low in social status and actively rejected by society.
C) high-status persons who have experienced a decline in status.
D) accepted by society, but have lost status in a specific situation.

Accepted Answer

Persons with a spoiled identity are those who have a negative social identity or stigma attached to them, leading to their rejection by society. This stigma is often based on a personal attribute such as race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, or disability. Therefore, option B is the best choice as it states that they are low in social status and actively rejected by society due to their identity. The other choices do not accurately reflect the concept of a spoiled identity. Option A contradicts the idea of rejection by society, while option C describes a decline in status, which is not necessarily related to a spoiled identity. Option D mentions loss of status in a specific situation, which does not fit the definition of a spoiled identity.

Question 2

Disclaimers occur __________ the act. Accounts occur __________ the act.
A) before; during
B) before; after
C) during; after
D) after; before

Accepted Answer

Disclaimers are typically made before an act or transaction, while accounts are a record of the transaction after it has occurred. Therefore, disclaimers occur before the act, while accounts occur after the act.

Question 3

According to sociologist Amy Wilkins,the Goth identity for teens helped them achieve all of the following goals EXCEPT:
A) scaring other people.
B) gaining respect from their peers.
C) gaining respect from their teachers.
D) gaining new explanations for their appearance, behaviors, and interests.

Accepted Answer

Amy Wilkins' research on the Goth subculture suggests that while it may help teens gain respect from their peers and provide new explanations for their appearance, behaviors, and interests, it does not necessarily help in gaining respect from their teachers. The Goth identity is often associated with rebellion and nonconformity, which may not always align with the values or expectations of authority figures such as teachers.

Question 4

Steve and his friends ordered a pizza.Knowing that pizza gives him gas,Steve explains and apologizes for it before the pizza arrives.This is referred to as:
A) an account.
B) a disclaimer.
C) a justification.
D) an excuse.

Accepted Answer

Steve's statement before the pizza arrives is a disclaimer, as he is warning his friends of a potential discomfort caused by the pizza. An account is a factual recount of events, a justification attempts to defend an action or decision, and an excuse is an attempt to explain away responsibility for an action.

Question 5

In order to gain credit,a mid-level employee at a large firm might:
A) credit his/her success on a major project solely to luck.
B) continually use his/her superior credentials as a reason for having things his/her way.
C) blame the failures of other employees on laziness and ignorance.
D) be rude to those employees who have not been as successful.

Accepted Answer

Option A suggests that the employee is humble enough to acknowledge that luck played a part in their success, instead of solely taking credit for it themselves. This demonstrates a sense of modesty and awareness that there were external factors involved in their success. Options B, C, and D involve behaviors such as bullying, arrogance, and blame-shifting, which are not conducive to gaining credit in a positive and productive manner.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of a spoiled identity?
A) a blacksmith
B) an ex-football player
C) a schizophrenic
D) a lawyer

Accepted Answer

A spoiled identity is a label that causes a person to be viewed negatively by society, and individuals with spoiled identities often find it difficult to change these negative perceptions. Being diagnosed with schizophrenia, a mental illness often stigmatized in society, is an example of a spoiled identity.

Question 7

In everyday encounters,what are the primary reasons that people do what they do?
A) manipulating the identities of others to obtain a desired end
B) managing identity to conform to others' expectations
C) projecting our identities onto others
D) managing identities to enhance our position and support our self-esteem

Accepted Answer

Managing identities to enhance our position and support our self-esteem is the primary reason why people do what they do in everyday encounters. This may involve presenting ourselves in a favorable light, seeking validation or recognition, or trying to gain advantage in social situations. While the other options may also come into play, they are not as central to human motivation as self-enhancement.

Question 8

Bill admits that it was wrong to kiss another woman while his significant other was out of town,but says he just couldn't help it; he has a weakness for beautiful women and couldn't resist.This is an example of:
A) an excuse.
B) a justification.
C) a disclaimer.
D) a lie.

Accepted Answer

Bill is providing an excuse for his behavior by claiming that his weakness for beautiful women made him unable to control himself.

Question 9

One can expect that people who break the rules will attempt to protect their self-esteem.If they know that they are likely to break a rule in advance,they are likely to:
A) offer a disclaimer.
B) give an excuse.
C) give a justification.
D) remain silent.

Accepted Answer

Offering a disclaimer is a way for individuals to protect their self-esteem by acknowledging the potential rule-breaking in advance, thus mitigating the negative impact on their self-image.

Question 10

The place where people can "be themselves" and display behavior that might be considered inappropriate elsewhere is known as the:
A) front region.
B) back region.
C) informal region.
D) private region.

Accepted Answer

The back region, also known as the backstage area, is where individuals can "let their guard down" and display behavior that may be considered inappropriate or unprofessional in the front region or public setting. This concept was developed by sociologist Erving Goffman to describe the different social territories and roles people take on in various social situations. The front region is where individuals must conform to social norms and expectations, while the back region is where they can be more relaxed and let their true selves shine through.

Question 11

Professionals such as medical doctors and lawyers make it a point to have their offices appear neat and well-organized. They are showing a concern for their:
A) front region.
B) back region.
C) biography.
D) audience region.

Accepted Answer

The front region is the area where professionals such as doctors and lawyers interact with their clients or patients. By keeping their offices neat and organized, they are presenting themselves in a positive light and showing that they care about their clients' perceptions of them.

Question 12

In impression management,accounts are:
A) rewards for avoiding blame.
B) explanations for behavior that breaks minor rules.
C) a type of disclaimer.
D) credits earned for exemplary behavior.

Accepted Answer

Accounts in impression management refer to explanations or justifications for behavior that breaks minor rules or norms, helping to mitigate any negative perceptions.

Question 13

Sociologist Amy Wilkins studied young people who identify as Goths.Based on her research,she concluded that:
A) the teens had always been fascinated with death and the Goth identity was a natural fit.
B) the Goth teens had been white adolescents who would otherwise have been considered geeks.
C) Goth teens assume their identity in order to fit in with the other social groups among their peers.
D) the Goth identity makes sense for boys who would otherwise be victimized by violence, but for girls the identity does not make sense.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is A because the passage states that "the teens had always been fascinated with death and the Goth identity was a natural fit."

Question 14

Which of the following is a general strategy used to manage one's identity?
A) admitting failure
B) role clarification
C) avoiding blame
D) role identification

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a general...

Question 15

The ultimate back region for most people is:
A) work.
B) school.
C) church.
D) home.

Accepted Answer

Home is the ultimate back region for most people as it is where they can relax, be themselves and spend time with their loved ones. They have control over the environment and can choose to do activities that bring them joy and comfort. Work, school, and church are important places in people's lives, but they do not provide the same level of comfort and relaxation as home.

Question 16

What strategies did the homeless teens in Roschelle's study use to sustain their self-esteem?
A) fitting in and fighting back
B) apologizing and making excuses
C) using disclaimers and accounts of their lives
D) None of these were strategies used by homeless teens.

Accepted Answer

The homeless teens in Roschelle's study used the strategies of fitting in with others and fighting back against negative stereotypes to sustain their self-esteem.

Question 17

Theory suggests that to gain credit,it is best NOT to:
A) brag.
B) link yourself to high-status people.
C) be too tactful.
D) subtly remind others of your qualities.

Accepted Answer

Bragging is often seen as a negative behavior that can lead to a decrease in social credit rather than an increase. It can make individuals appear arrogant or self-absorbed, which is generally not well-received by others.

Question 18

In order to sustain their self-esteem,some homeless teens refer to their caseworkers as aunts,and talk about friends in nearby cots at the shelter as if they live in the same neighborhood.These are examples of which type of strategy for managing identity?
A) fighting back
B) making excuses
C) fitting in
D) rejecting status

Accepted Answer

The strategy being used by these homeless teens is fitting in, as they are attempting to find a sense of belonging and community despite their difficult circumstances. They are using language and social interactions to create a sense of normalcy and connection with others.

Question 19

Some homeless teens strengthen their self-esteem by intimidating others and bragging about their sexual conquests.These are examples of which type of strategy for managing identity?
A) fighting back
B) making excuses
C) fitting in
D) rejecting status

Accepted Answer

These behaviors are examples of "fighting back" as a strategy for managing identity, where individuals may engage in aggressive or boastful actions to assert their identity or status in the face of challenging circumstances.

Question 20

Adam stole a package of salami from the grocery store but claims he did so because,as a father,his first responsibility is to feed his hungry children.This is an example of:
A) a justification.
B) an excuse.
C) a disclaimer.
D) a motive.

Accepted Answer

Adam is providing a reason for his actions that he believes makes his behavior acceptable or understandable, which is the definition of a justification.

Quiz 4: Social Structure and Social Interaction

Persons with a spoiled identity tend to be:

Disclaimers occur the act. Accounts occur the act.

According to sociologist Amy Wilkins,the Goth identity for teens helped them achieve all of the following goals EXCEPT:

Steve and his friends ordered a pizza.Knowing that pizza gives him gas,Steve explains and apologizes for it before the pizza arrives.This is referred to as:

In order to gain credit,a mid-level employee at a large firm might:

Which of the following is an example of a spoiled identity?

In everyday encounters,what are the primary reasons that people do what they do?

Bill admits that it was wrong to kiss another woman while his significant other was out of town,but says he just couldn't help it; he has a weakness for beautiful women and couldn't resist.This is an example of:

One can expect that people who break the rules will attempt to protect their self-esteem.If they know that they are likely to break a rule in advance,they are likely to:

The place where people can "be themselves" and display behavior that might be considered inappropriate elsewhere is known as the:

Professionals such as medical doctors and lawyers make it a point to have their offices appear neat and well-organized. They are showing a concern for their:

In impression management,accounts are:

Sociologist Amy Wilkins studied young people who identify as Goths.Based on her research,she concluded that:

Which of the following is a general strategy used to manage one's identity?

The ultimate back region for most people is:

What strategies did the homeless teens in Roschelle's study use to sustain their self-esteem?

Theory suggests that to gain credit,it is best NOT to:

In order to sustain their self-esteem,some homeless teens refer to their caseworkers as aunts,and talk about friends in nearby cots at the shelter as if they live in the same neighborhood.These are examples of which type of strategy for managing identity?

Some homeless teens strengthen their self-esteem by intimidating others and bragging about their sexual conquests.These are examples of which type of strategy for managing identity?

Adam stole a package of salami from the grocery store but claims he did so because,as a father,his first responsibility is to feed his hungry children.This is an example of: