Question 1

As industry has diminished in the some areas of the northeast United States,many people have moved south and southwest.Demographers would term this:
A) internal migration.
B) immigration.
C) emigration.
D) shifting population.

Accepted Answer

Internal migration refers to the movement of people within a country, from one region to another. In this case, people are moving from the northeast region to the south and southwest regions within the United States, which is an example of internal migration. Immigration and emigration refer to the movement of people across international borders, while shifting population is a term that doesn't specifically refer to any particular type of migration.

Question 2

The world's population is two and a half times larger than it was in 1950.This is because:
A) the fertility rate has been increasingly dramatically.
B) the birth rate and the fertility rate have both increased, making population growth double.
C) mortality as decreased rapidly while fertility has decreased only slowly.
D) None of these; migration is the only factor that has changed since 1950.

Accepted Answer

Mortality rates have decreased significantly due to advancements in medicine, sanitation, and nutrition, leading to increased life expectancy. However, fertility rates have not decreased at the same pace, resulting in a larger population overall. This means that more people are living longer and having children, contributing to the growth in population. Migration may also have an impact, but it is not the only factor.

Question 3

The decreased mortality in less developed countries in the mid-twentieth century resulted in:
A) decreased fertility rates.
B) higher fertility rates.
C) increased population growth.
D) gradual population decrease.

Accepted Answer

The decreased mortality in less developed countries in the mid-twentieth century led to increased population growth because lower death rates, without a corresponding decrease in birth rates, result in a larger population over time.

Question 4

The first major cause of declining mortality in the West was:
A) modern medicine.
B) improvements in hygiene.
C) vaccinations.
D) improvements in nutrition.

Accepted Answer

Improvements in nutrition were the first major cause of declining mortality in the West, as better food availability and quality led to stronger immune systems and better overall health, reducing death rates before the widespread impact of modern medicine, hygiene, and vaccinations.

Question 5

The world's population is currently approximately:
A) 10 billion.
B) 8.7 billion.
C) 6.3 billion
D) 3.4 billion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The world's population is currently approximately:
A) 10...

Question 6

The primary reason for the dramatic decreases in U.S.mortality rates during the twentieth century is:
A) the sharp decline in fertility.
B) improvements in standard of living and nutrition.
C) improvements in medical science.
D) the more equitable distribution of goods and services.

Accepted Answer

While all of the options may have played a role, the most significant factor in reducing mortality rates in the US during the twentieth century was improvements in standard of living and nutrition. Advances in sanitation, education, housing, and food production helped to reduce the spread of infectious diseases and improve overall health. Medical science also contributed to longer life spans through the development of vaccines, antibiotics, and other treatments, but it was the broader socio-economic changes that had the most impact. The decline in fertility, while a factor in some parts of the country, was not a primary reason for the overall decrease in mortality rates. Similarly, the more equitable distribution of goods and services may have had some impact, but it was not the driving force behind the dramatic improvements in public health.

Question 7

In order to say that a country is experiencing demographic transition,what change must occur?
A) Go from high birth rates and high death rates to low birth rates and low death rates.
B) Go from low birth rates and low death rates to high birth rates and high death rates.
C) Go from low birth rates and high death rates to high birth rates and low death rates.
D) Go from high birth rates and low death rates to low birth rates and high death rates.

Accepted Answer

Demographic transition refers to the shift from high birth rates and high death rates to low birth rates and low death rates. This occurs as countries develop economically, socially, and technologically, leading to improvements in healthcare, education, and access to family planning.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a reason that fertility rates fell as a result of the Industrial Revolution?
A) New economic forms, such as pensions, meant children weren't needed for care in one's old age.
B) Lower mortality rates meant fewer births were needed to ensure that several children survived into adulthood.
C) New ideas of individual satisfaction helped to popularize limiting family size.
D) Improved methods of birth control helped people limit family size.

Accepted Answer

The decline in fertility rates during the Industrial Revolution was primarily due to socio-economic changes rather than improvements in birth control methods. While new economic forms, lower mortality rates, and changing societal values indeed contributed to smaller family sizes, effective and widely accessible birth control methods did not become prevalent until later. Thus, the availability of improved birth control methods is not a correct reason for the decline in fertility rates during this period.

Question 9

Immigration has implications for all of the following EXCEPT:
A) population growth.
B) issues of citizenship.
C) definitions of nationality.
D) total world population.

Accepted Answer

While immigration certainly has implications for population growth, issues of citizenship, and definitions of nationality, it does not have a direct impact on the total world population. The world population includes all individuals, regardless of their citizenship or nationality.

Question 10

A number of hypotheses have been developed about the decline in the death rate,the decline in fertility,and the development of industrialization.What is considered to be the main and direct cause of the fertility reduction in the West?
A) reduced mortality
B) greater industrialization
C) changed values and aspirations
D) government intervention

Accepted Answer

The main and direct cause of the fertility reduction in the West is considered to be changed values and aspirations. As people's priorities shifted from having larger families for agricultural and economic reasons to individual achievement and consumption in industrialized societies, smaller family sizes became the norm. This is supported by data showing that fertility rates have declined even in societies with high mortality rates and little government intervention.

Question 11

If the birth rate of the world were 30 births per 1,000 population and the death rate were 10 deaths per 1,000 population,the rate of natural increase would be:
A) 1.0%.
B) 1.6%.
C) 2.0%.
D) 2.4%.

Accepted Answer

The rate of natural increase is calculated by subtracting the death rate from the birth rate (30 births - 10 deaths = 20 per 1,000 population), which is then converted to a percentage (20/1,000 = 2.0%).

Question 12

Demography is the study of:
A) population.
B) urbanization.
C) geography.
D) stratification.

Accepted Answer

Demography is the scientific study of human populations, including their size, growth, density, distribution, and other vital statistics such as age, gender, and ethnicity. It also examines the factors that influence population change, such as migration, fertility, mortality, and health.

Question 13

In the non-West,birth and death rates remained equally high until:
A) the 1960s.
B) the early twentieth century.
C) the 1990s.
D) about 1840.

Accepted Answer

In the non-West, high birth and death rates persisted until the early twentieth century due to limited access to modern healthcare and sanitation improvements that began to reduce death rates in the West earlier.

Question 14

If a country has a low life expectancy (say,30 or 35),this is attributable to the fact that:
A) nobody lives to old age in the country.
B) there is a high fertility rate in that country.
C) there is a high rate of infant mortality in that country.
D) there is a high suicide rate in that country.

Accepted Answer

Life expectancy is calculated as the average number of years a person is expected to live based on current age and mortality rates. Therefore, a low life expectancy indicates that many people in the country are dying young. The most common cause of this is high infant mortality rates, meaning that many babies are dying before they reach their first birthday. This brings the average lifespan down significantly, even if some people do live to old age.

Question 15

Population growth has slowed considerably in some African countries like Botswana,Swaziland,and Zimbabwe due to:
A) the increased status of women.
B) the impact of AIDS.
C) aggressive family planning programs.
D) a new value placed on individual gratification.

Accepted Answer

The impact of AIDS has been a significant factor in slowing down population growth in some African countries. AIDS has resulted in a decrease in the number of births and has increased the number of deaths, which has had a direct effect on population growth.

Question 16

What is the difference between the fertility rate and the birth rate?
A) The fertility rate takes mortality into consideration and the birth rate does not.
B) The fertility rate is based on births per 1000 women, and the birth rate is based on births per 1000 persons.
C) The birth rate is easier for most people to understand than the fertility rate.
D) There is no difference between these two measures.

Accepted Answer

The fertility rate is based on the number of live births per 1000 women in a given area, while the birth rate is based on the number of live births per 1000 people in a given area. Therefore, the fertility rate specifically measures the average number of children that women are having, whereas the birth rate gives a broader picture of the number of live births in a population.

Question 17

In less developed nations,mortality rates began to decline in the mid-twentieth century due to:
A) an aging population.
B) increased standard of living.
C) rapid industrialization.
D) improvements in sanitation and health care.

Accepted Answer

Mortality rates in less developed nations began to decline in the mid-twentieth century due to improvements in sanitation and health care. As access to clean water, vaccines, and healthcare improved, people were less likely to die from preventable diseases. This contributed to an increase in life expectancy and an overall improvement in living standards. While aging population may affect mortality rates in developed nations, it is not a significant factor in less developed nations. Rapid industrialization may have negative impacts on health due to pollution and hazardous working conditions, rather than improving mortality rates.

Question 18

The change from a population characterized by high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates is called:
A) population projection.
B) the demographic transition.
C) the fertility-mortality shift.
D) the population revolution.

Accepted Answer

The demographic transition is the process in which a society moves from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates. This transition typically occurs as a result of industrialization, urbanization, and improvements in healthcare and living standards.

Question 19

Why do some countries with a lower standard of living than the U.S.have a life expectancy that is as high,if not higher?
A) After a certain point, standard of living is less important than reducing income inequality in extending life expectancy.
B) Some natural remedies used in these countries are far more effective than modern medicine.
C) People in countries with lower standards of living do not experience as much stress as do people in the U.S.
D) Countries with lower standards of living always have lower life expectancies.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that a more equal distribution of income is closely linked to higher life expectancy, irrespective of the overall standard of living. Therefore, even countries with a lower standard of living can have higher life expectancies if their income distribution is more equal.

Question 20

The demographic transition:
A) is the process of moving from the traditional balance of high birth and death rates to a new balance of low birth and death rates.
B) is the process of migrating to a society with higher mortality and fertility from a society with lower mortality and fertility.
C) refers to the situation of a consistently high fertility rate.
D) refers to a population experiencing negative population growth.

Accepted Answer

The demographic transition is the process of moving from the traditional balance of high birth and death rates to a new balance of low birth and death rates. This transition is typically divided into four stages, with the first two stages characterized by high birth and death rates, and the latter two stages characterized by low birth and death rates.

Quiz 14: Population and Urbanization

As industry has diminished in the some areas of the northeast United States,many people have moved south and southwest.Demographers would term this:

The world's population is two and a half times larger than it was in 1950.This is because:

The decreased mortality in less developed countries in the mid-twentieth century resulted in:

The first major cause of declining mortality in the West was:

The world's population is currently approximately:

The primary reason for the dramatic decreases in U.S.mortality rates during the twentieth century is:

In order to say that a country is experiencing demographic transition,what change must occur?

Which of the following is NOT a reason that fertility rates fell as a result of the Industrial Revolution?

Immigration has implications for all of the following EXCEPT:

A number of hypotheses have been developed about the decline in the death rate,the decline in fertility,and the development of industrialization.What is considered to be the main and direct cause of the fertility reduction in the West?

If the birth rate of the world were 30 births per 1,000 population and the death rate were 10 deaths per 1,000 population,the rate of natural increase would be:

Demography is the study of:

In the non-West,birth and death rates remained equally high until:

If a country has a low life expectancy (say,30 or 35) ,this is attributable to the fact that:

Population growth has slowed considerably in some African countries like Botswana,Swaziland,and Zimbabwe due to:

What is the difference between the fertility rate and the birth rate?

In less developed nations,mortality rates began to decline in the mid-twentieth century due to:

The change from a population characterized by high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates is called:

Why do some countries with a lower standard of living than the U.S.have a life expectancy that is as high,if not higher?

The demographic transition: