Question 1

Jessica took psychology in the fall semester and is now taking sociology.Several of the concepts are similar,and Jessica finds that she sometimes has trouble recalling some of the major psychological theorists.She keeps getting them confused with sociological theorists.Jessica's problem is most likely due to _________.
A)decoding failure
B)retroactive interference
C)proactive interference
D)Toronto syndrome

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jessica took psychology in the fall semester...

Question 2

In the famous case of H.M. ,after having part of his brain removed,he could no longer _________.
A)pay attention to specific stimuli
B)retrieve memories
C)form new memories
D)make sense of memories

Accepted Answer

H.M. had part of his hippocampus removed, which severely affected his ability to form new memories. He was still able to retrieve some old memories from before the surgery, but was unable to form any new ones.

Question 3

Evidence suggests that procedural memories are stored in the _________.
A)cerebellum
B)prefrontal and temporal lobes of the cortex
C)hippocampus
D)amygdala

Accepted Answer

Procedural memories, which involve motor skills and physical actions, are primarily stored in the cerebellum in the back of the brain. This is supported by research on patients with damage to the cerebellum who have difficulty with tasks involving motor coordination and muscle memory. The prefrontal and temporal lobes of the cortex are more involved in declarative memory, which includes facts and events. The hippocampus is also important in memory consolidation and retrieval, particularly for episodic memories. The amygdala plays a role in emotionally charged memories.

Question 4

Short-term memories appear to be localized in the _________.
A)occipital lobe
B)cingulate gyrus
C)amygdala
D)prefrontal lobes

Accepted Answer

Short-term memories are primarily localized in the prefrontal lobes of the brain. These regions are responsible for working memory, which is the ability to hold and manipulate information in the mind for a short period of time.

Question 5

When newer information interferes with the retrieval of older information,this is called _________.
A)cue-dependent forgetting
B)proactive interference
C)decay
D)retroactive interference

Accepted Answer

Retroactive interference occurs when new information interferes with the retrieval of old information, making it difficult to remember previously learned information.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A)All memories are stored in one place in the brain.
B)Memories are randomly distributed throughout the brain.
C)Different parts of the brain are specialized for the storage of memories.
D)Almost all memories are primarily stored in the brain stem.

Accepted Answer

Research has identified multiple brain regions that are involved in the storage of different types of memories. For example, the hippocampus is important for the formation of new declarative memories, while the cerebellum plays a role in motor skill learning. Additionally, studies have shown that the prefrontal cortex is involved in working memory and short-term memory. Therefore, it is not accurate to say that memories are randomly distributed or stored in only one place in the brain, and the brain stem is not a primary site for memory storage.

Question 7

Proactive interference,as used in the study of memory,refers to when _________.
A)older information already in memory interferes with the retrieval of newer information
B)newer information interferes with the retrieval of older information
C)information is not attended to and fails to be encoded
D)information that is not accessed decays from the storage system over time

Accepted Answer

Proactive interference occurs when previously stored information interferes with the retrieval of newer information. This is often seen when someone has trouble remembering new phone numbers or passwords because they are so used to recalling the old ones they had previously memorized.

Question 8

A man known as H.M.lost the ability to form new memories after an operation removed portions of his _________.
A)cortex and medulla
B)cerebellum and pons
C)hippocampus
D)hypothalamus and thalamus

Accepted Answer

H.M.'s ability to form new memories was impaired after portions of his hippocampus were removed during surgery. The hippocampus is an important structure in the brain for the formation of new memories.

Question 9

Decay theory works well to explain forgetting in _________.
A)sensory memory only
B)short-term memory only
C)long-term memory only
D)sensory memory and short-term memory

Accepted Answer

Decay theory suggests that memory fades due to the mere passage of time. It is most applicable to sensory memory and short-term memory, where information can fade quickly if not actively maintained or rehearsed. Long-term memories are considered to be more stable and less susceptible to decay over time.

Question 10

Most people have difficulty actually recognizing the correct image of the Lincoln penny.The most likely cause of this problem is _________.
A)interference
B)memory trace decay
C)encoding failure
D)repression

Accepted Answer

The difficulty in recognizing the correct image of the Lincoln penny suggests an encoding failure, meaning that the information was not properly stored in memory. This can lead to difficulties in retrieval and recognition. Interference may play a role in some cases, but given the specificity of the task (recognizing a specific image), encoding failure is the most likely cause. Memory trace decay and repression are not applicable to this particular situation.

Question 11

Evidence suggests that short-term memories are stored in the _________.
A)cerebellum
B)prefrontal lobes of the cortex
C)hippocampus
D)amygdala

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that short-term memories are stored primarily in the prefrontal lobes of the cortex. The hippocampus is associated more with the formation of long-term memories, while the cerebellum is primarily involved in motor coordination and the amygdala is involved in emotional processing.

Question 12

You start out using Firefox,then change to Explorer because your company demands that browsers be Microsoft products.If you have trouble with Explorer,it is most likely due to _________.
A)proactive interference
B)retroactive interference
C)anterograde interference
D)consolidation problems

Accepted Answer

Proactive interference occurs when old information interferes with the ability to learn or remember new information. In this case, your previous experience with Firefox might interfere with your ability to effectively use Explorer.

Question 13

A psychologist asks people to recall the name of their kindergarten teacher.Surprisingly,the majority of people correctly do this and comment,"Gee whiz,I haven't thought about that old bat [or old coot] in years!" Their ability to do so tends to conflict with which theory of forgetting?
A)interference theory
B)decay or disuse
C)encoding failure
D)retroactive interference

Accepted Answer

The decay or disuse theory suggests that memories fade over time if they are not accessed or used. The fact that people can recall their kindergarten teacher's name despite not thinking about it for years contradicts this theory, as it implies that the memory has not decayed despite lack of use.

Question 14

_________ is the tendency for older or previously learned material to interfere with the retrieval of newer,more recently learned material.
A)Cue-dependent forgetting
B)Proactive interference
C)Decay
D)Retroactive interference

Accepted Answer

Proactive interference is the tendency for previously learned information to interfere with the retrieval of newer information. This type of interference occurs when information learned in the past interferes with the ability to recall information learned later.

Question 15

Forgetting in long-term memory is most likely due to _________.
A)interference from other information
B)decay or disuse
C)encoding failure
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

The answer of Forgetting in long-term memory is most likely...

Question 16

Shalissa has two exams today.One is in French and the other is in history.Last night she studied French before history.When she gets to her history test,all she can remember is French! Shalissa's memory is suffering from _________.
A)cue-dependent forgetting
B)proactive interference
C)decay
D)retroactive interference

Accepted Answer

Proactive interference occurs when previously learned information interferes with the ability to recall new information. In this case, Shalissa's study of French interfered with her ability to recall information in her history test.

Question 17

Retroactive interference,as used in the study of memory,refers to when _________.
A)older information already in memory interferes with the retrieval of newer information
B)newer information interferes with the retrieval of older information
C)information is not attended to and fails to be encoded
D)information that is not accessed decays from the storage system over time

Accepted Answer

Retroactive interference occurs when new information interferes with the retrieval of older information. This phenomenon is one of the reasons why it can be difficult to remember old information after learning something new.

Question 18

Mateo is 70 years old and had a stroke last year.He is now unable to remember how to get to and return from his new doctor's office using a specific route.What brain structure was potentially damaged by Mateo's stroke?
A)his amygdala
B)his hypothalamus
C)his hippocampus
D)his cerebellum

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is a brain structure that plays a critical role in the formation and retrieval of long-term memories, especially for spatial navigation. Damage to the hippocampus can result in difficulty navigating and remembering routes to specific locations. The amygdala is more involved in emotional processing and the hypothalamus is more involved in regulating bodily functions, so they are less likely to be directly related to navigation and memory. The cerebellum is important for motor coordination and balance, but it is not specifically implicated in spatial navigation.

Question 19

Imagine that the first car you learned to drive was a manual transmission with a clutch,but the car you drive now is an automatic.Sometimes you find yourself reaching for the clutch that is no longer there.This example illustrates _________.
A)retroactive interference
B)proactive interference
C)retrograde amnesia
D)anterograde amnesia

Accepted Answer

This example illustrates proactive interference, where old memories interfere with the recall of new memories. In this case, the habit of reaching for a clutch (old memory) interferes with the operation of an automatic car (new memory).

Question 20

Shalissa has two exams today.One is in French and the other is in history.Last night she studied French before history.When she gets to her French test,all she can remember is history! Shalissa's memory is suffering from _________.
A)cue-dependent forgetting
B)proactive interference
C)decay
D)retroactive interference

Accepted Answer

Retroactive interference occurs when new information interferes with the ability to recall old information. In this case, studying history after French caused Shalissa to have trouble recalling her French lessons.

Quiz 6: Memory

In the famous case of H.M. ,after having part of his brain removed,he could no longer _________.

Evidence suggests that procedural memories are stored in the _________.

Short-term memories appear to be localized in the _________.

When newer information interferes with the retrieval of older information,this is called _________.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Proactive interference,as used in the study of memory,refers to when _________.

A man known as H.M.lost the ability to form new memories after an operation removed portions of his _________.

Decay theory works well to explain forgetting in _________.

Most people have difficulty actually recognizing the correct image of the Lincoln penny.The most likely cause of this problem is _________.

Evidence suggests that short-term memories are stored in the _________.

You start out using Firefox,then change to Explorer because your company demands that browsers be Microsoft products.If you have trouble with Explorer,it is most likely due to _________.

A psychologist asks people to recall the name of their kindergarten teacher.Surprisingly,the majority of people correctly do this and comment,"Gee whiz,I haven't thought about that old bat [or old coot] in years!" Their ability to do so tends to conflict with which theory of forgetting?

_________ is the tendency for older or previously learned material to interfere with the retrieval of newer,more recently learned material.

Forgetting in long-term memory is most likely due to _________.

Shalissa has two exams today.One is in French and the other is in history.Last night she studied French before history.When she gets to her history test,all she can remember is French! Shalissa's memory is suffering from _________.

Retroactive interference,as used in the study of memory,refers to when _________.

Mateo is 70 years old and had a stroke last year.He is now unable to remember how to get to and return from his new doctor's office using a specific route.What brain structure was potentially damaged by Mateo's stroke?

Imagine that the first car you learned to drive was a manual transmission with a clutch,but the car you drive now is an automatic.Sometimes you find yourself reaching for the clutch that is no longer there.This example illustrates _________.

Shalissa has two exams today.One is in French and the other is in history.Last night she studied French before history.When she gets to her French test,all she can remember is history! Shalissa's memory is suffering from _________.