Question 1

Jerry is feeling sad.His roommate Bob has just learned of the facial feedback hypothesis.To help Jerry feel better,he tells Jerry to:

Accepted Answer

Holding a pencil in the mouth forces the zygomaticus major muscle to contract, which sends a signal to the brain that the person is smiling. This can lead to a genuine feeling of happiness.

Question 2

Spartans were instructed never to outwardly express emotion,no matter what they were feeling.Spartans tended to use which display rule?

Accepted Answer

The display rule used by Spartans is neutralizing, as they were instructed to suppress or conceal their emotions rather than intensifying or masking them. Opposition also does not apply, as it refers to expressing the opposite emotion of what one is feeling, which is not the case for Spartans.

Question 3

As a result of neurological damage from a stroke,Harold can no longer smile.As a result,Harold:

Accepted Answer

The question states that Harold cannot smile due to neurological damage from a stroke. Smiling is a physical expression of happiness, so it can be inferred that he may have difficulty experiencing happiness as well. Therefore, option D is the best choice as it suggests that Harold has problems experiencing happiness.

Question 4

Although members of the soccer team were crushed when they lost the championship,they tried not to look as upset as they felt.Which display rule were they using?

Accepted Answer

The members of the soccer team were trying not to show the full intensity of their emotions, indicating that they were using the deintensification display rule. This rule involves toning down or reducing the intensity of emotional expressions.

Question 5

Damon,in a fit of road rage,runs another motorist off the road.Approaching the car,Damon is incensed and starts screaming at the other driver.Consistent with the facial-feedback hypothesis,Damon perceives the other driver to be:

Accepted Answer

The facial-feedback hypothesis suggests that our facial expressions can influence our emotional experiences. In this scenario, Damon's aggressive behavior and screaming likely cause him to perceive the other driver as hostile, as his own expressions and actions are aggressive.

Question 6

Consistent with the facial feedback hypothesis,when people are asked to arch their brows,they find facts that they read in a textbook more:

Accepted Answer

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that facial movements can influence emotional experiences. Arching the brows can mimic an expression of surprise, which may lead people to perceive facts as more surprising.

Question 7

Which display rule is a poker player MOST likely to use when interacting with others at the table?

Accepted Answer

A poker player is likely to use neutralizing display rules which involve suppressing or hiding emotions altogether in order to avoid giving away information or a tell to their opponents. This is a common strategy in poker as it can help players maintain a poker face and keep their emotions in check, preventing others from reading their body language and anticipating their next move.

Question 8

The main reason people often mimic the facial expressions of others is that:

Accepted Answer

Mimicking facial expressions helps people figure out what others are feeling by providing important cues about their emotions. This can be helpful in social situations where it is important to understand the feelings of others in order to respond appropriately. It is not necessarily reinforced from an early age, nor is it primarily about forming like-minded groups or conveying agreement about an issue.

Question 9

Which statement is TRUE of microexpressions?

Accepted Answer

Microexpressions occur outside of conscious control and are brief, involuntary facial expressions that reveal true emotions a person may be trying to conceal. They are difficult to fake because they involve the reliable muscles of emotional expression, meaning they are controlled by the unconscious part of the brain. They do not follow display rules and can often contradict longer emotional expressions.

Question 10

A judge uses the display rule of _____ to prevent showing an emotion during court arguments that he vigorously opposes.

Accepted Answer

Masking is the display rule that involves hiding one's authentic emotions and presenting a different emotion to fit the social situation. In this case, the judge is using masking to prevent showing his true emotion during court arguments that he opposes.

Question 11

Alejandro is a con man who marries older women and then robs them of their money.When Gertrude,his current wife,expresses her love,Alejandro is filled with disgust.Yet he tries to look at her affectionately as he says,"I love you,too,my beautiful flower." Which display rule is Alejandro using?

Accepted Answer

Alejandro is using the display rule of "masking" because he is hiding his true feelings of disgust and instead showing affection that he does not actually feel.

Question 12

Display rules are the norms for the:

Accepted Answer

Display rules refer to the cultural norms that dictate how emotions should be expressed in different social situations. They usually include guidelines about what is considered appropriate or inappropriate emotional displays. Therefore, option B, which refers to the appropriate expression of emotion is the correct choice. Option A is related to mourning customs that may vary across cultures, but it is not a display rule as defined in emotional psychology. Option C is about the development of emotional expression with age, which is also relevant to emotional psychology, but not directly related to display rules. Option D refers to the effects of reinforcement on emotional behavior, which is not specific to display rules.

Question 13

Consistent with the facial-feedback hypothesis,when people are asked to wrinkle their noses,they:

Accepted Answer

The facial-feedback hypothesis suggests that the physical movements of our facial muscles can affect our emotional experience. Research supports this idea by showing that when people wrinkle their noses, a facial movement associated with disgust, they rate odors as more unpleasant than when they do not make this movement. This suggests that the physical expression of disgust can influence the subjective experience of disgust.

Question 14

Although Principal Morris is only slightly irritated with Jamie,the class clown,she expresses anger at Jamie's behavior.Which display rule is Principal Morris using?

Accepted Answer

Principal Morris is expressing more anger than she actually feels, which is an example of intensification.

Question 15

Which characteristic indicates to a trained observer that a person's smile is NOT sincere?

Accepted Answer

A trained observer would know that a sincere smile will involve an equal and symmetrical movement of the muscles on both sides of the face. A slightly lopsided smile indicates that the person may be forcing or faking the smile.

Question 16

In _____ cultures,there is a strong norm against displaying _____ emotions in the company of a respected person.

Accepted Answer

In Eastern cultures, there is a strong emphasis on maintaining harmony and respect, especially in the presence of respected individuals. Displaying negative emotions is often seen as disruptive or disrespectful, hence the norm against it.

Question 17

Stephanie received a pair of leggings for her birthday that she did not like.However,Stephanie expressed excitement and thanks to the person who bought her the gift,demonstrating the display rule of:

Accepted Answer

Intensification involves exaggerating emotions to appear more enthusiastic or pleased than one actually feels, which is what Stephanie did by expressing excitement and thanks despite not liking the gift.

Question 18

A person who has suffered damage involving the _____ may be less likely to be able to recognize expressions of fear and anger in the faces of other people.

Accepted Answer

The amygdala plays a key role in processing emotions, particularly fear and anger. Damage to this area can lead to difficulties in recognizing these emotions in the faces of others. The other options listed are not primarily involved in emotion recognition. The spinal cord is important for transmitting sensory and motor information, but not specifically for emotion processing. The hippocampus is involved in memory formation and retrieval, but not emotion recognition. The somatosensory cortex processes touch and other bodily sensations, but is not primarily involved in recognizing facial expressions of emotion.

Question 19

Coach Parlier knew that Felicia's smile was not sincere because she was smiling with her mouth but not "with her eyes." What feature allowed the coach to determine this?

Accepted Answer

Morphology refers to the specific physical characteristics of facial expressions, such as the involvement of certain muscles around the eyes that typically engage in a genuine smile (often referred to as a Duchenne smile). This feature allows someone to distinguish between a sincere smile and one that is not.

Question 20

"Reliable muscles" associated with emotional expression are so termed because they:

Accepted Answer

"Reliable muscles" associated with emotional expression tend to resist conscious control, hence making them reliable as indicators of genuine emotional expression. Option A is incorrect because reliable muscles are involved in both genuine and fake emotional expressions, and Option B is incorrect because reliable muscles do not necessarily stay contracted for greater than 30 seconds. Option C is incorrect because reliable muscles are also engaged during simple microexpressions.

Quiz 8: Emotion and Motivation-Part A