Question 1

Winawer and colleagues (2007)presented English and Russian speakers with a blue sample stimulus.They also were shown two blue comparison stimuli.One comparison stimulus matched the shade of the sample stimulus,and one comparison stimulus was of a different shade.Participants were asked to identify which of the two comparison stimuli matched the sample stimulus.This research found that:
A)Russian speakers took longer than did English speakers to make this determination when one comparison stimulus was dark blue and the other comparison stimulus was light blue.
B)English speakers took longer than did Russian speakers to make this determination when one comparison stimulus was dark blue and the other comparison stimulus was light blue.
C)Russian speakers took longer than did English speakers to make this determination when all three stimuli were shades of light blue.
D)English speakers took longer than did Russian speakers to make this determination when all three stimuli were shades of light blue.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Winawer and colleagues (2007)presented English and Russian...

Question 2

Which statement about cultural differences in language use related to color is TRUE?
A)Russians have two completely different words for light and dark blue.
B)The Dani in New Guinea have two completely different words for red and blue.
C)The Himba in Namibia have only two words for color,corresponding to "light" and "dark."
D)The Himba in Namibia have more color-related words than do both the Dani and the Russians.

Accepted Answer

Russians indeed have two distinct words for light blue ("голубой" [goluboy]) and dark blue ("синий" [siniy]), reflecting a cultural and linguistic recognition of color differences that is not universally shared.

Question 3

The Dani,an isolated tribe living in New Guinea,have only two words for colors,roughly corresponding to "light" and "dark." The Dani _____ impairments in recognizing shades of color,which is _____ with the linguistic relativity hypothesis.
A)exhibit;consistent
B)exhibit;inconsistent
C)do not exhibit;consistent
D)do not exhibit;inconsistent

Accepted Answer

The statement mentions that the Dani tribe has only two words for colors, which indicates that they do not exhibit impairments in recognizing shades of color. This finding is consistent with the linguistic relativism hypothesis, which suggests that language can influence perception and thought processes. Therefore, the best choice is D - the Dani do not exhibit impairments in recognizing shades of color, and this is consistent with the linguistic relativity hypothesis.

Question 4

Which statement about the limitations of language learning in apes is NOT true?
A)Apes' vocabularies are quite small compared with those of even toddlers.
B)Apes can master words for concrete objects but have difficulty with abstract concepts.
C)Apes can exhibit an active mastery of a few hundred words but fail to exhibit a passive mastery of them.
D)Ape communication is usually telegraphic;it rarely consists of grammatically correct complex sentences.

Accepted Answer

This statement is not true as apes have been shown to exhibit both active and passive mastery of a few hundred words.

Question 5

Professor Janes is preparing a flow chart depicting a timeline of the history of psychology to be used at a Chinese university.To maximize student learning,how should the flow chart be oriented?
A)beginning at the left and moving to the right
B)beginning at the right and moving to the left
C)beginning at the top and moving to the bottom
D)beginning at the bottom and moving to the top

Accepted Answer

A top-to-bottom orientation is typically the most effective for conveying a timeline or sequence of events, as it follows the natural reading order for most cultures. Beginning at the top and moving down also allows the chart to flow more fluidly and intuitively. Choosing any of the other options (beginning at the left or right and moving horizontally, or beginning at the bottom and moving up) would likely be more confusing or require more cognitive effort from the students to follow.

Question 6

The language of the Inuit in Canada has many different terms for frozen white flakes of precipitation,for which we use the term snow._____ argued that,because of this,the Inuit _____.
A)Benjamin Whorf;perceive snow differently than do English speakers
B)Noam Chomsky;have a fundamentally different language acquisition device than do English speakers
C)Eleanor Rosch;think about snow in a fundamentally different way than do English speakers
D)Allen Gardner;Form emotional associations with snow more easily than do English speakers

Accepted Answer

Benjamin Whorf argued that language shapes the way we think about the world. The fact that the Inuit have many different terms for snow suggests that they may perceive and conceptualize it in different ways than English speakers.

Question 7

Despite training,apes may have trouble learning to understand and use the word "justice" but have little trouble learning to understand the word "juice." This BEST illustrates which limitation?
A)vocabulary
B)passive understanding relative to active use
C)understanding of grammar
D)conceptual repertoire

Accepted Answer

The difficulty apes have in understanding and using the word "justice" compared to "juice" illustrates a limitation in their conceptual repertoire. "Justice" is an abstract concept that requires a more complex understanding of social and moral principles, which is more challenging for apes to grasp than concrete concepts like "juice," which can be directly experienced through the senses.

Question 8

When apes communicate using Forms of human language,their communication typically lacks:
A)grammatically correct complex sentences.
B)modifiers,such as adjectives and adverbs.
C)an emotional context.
D)verbs.

Accepted Answer

Apes using forms of human language often struggle with constructing grammatically correct complex sentences, as their cognitive abilities for language do not fully mirror those of humans, limiting their use of complex grammar.

Question 9

The Dani,an isolated tribe living in New Guinea,have only two words for colors,roughly corresponding to "light" and "dark." According to the linguistic relativity hypothesis,they should:
A)have developed more terms for colors.
B)have more terms for sounds as a perceptual compensatory mechanism.
C)make light and dark discriminations better than do those in other cultures.
D)exhibit impairments in recognizing shades of color.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Dani,an isolated tribe living in New...

Question 10

In culturally diverse cities,the ability to speak two or more languages fluently is associated with:
A)an increased ability to find a job but a decreased likelihood of rising to the level of an executive.
B)working in a higher-paying job.
C)stagnating in lower-paying,service-related jobs.
D)greater levels of discrimination when applying for jobs.

Accepted Answer

Speaking two or more languages fluently in culturally diverse cities can lead to higher-paying jobs, as it is a valuable skill in industries such as international business, tourism, and hospitality. Employers may also view this skill as a sign of cultural competency and adaptability, which are highly valued in many industries.

Question 11

Research on color meaning with JB,who suffered progressive deteriorations in understanding the meaning of words,even though he perFormed well on many other perceptual and cognitive tasks,demonstrated that JB was able to:
A)verbally name colors presented to him.
B)associate the name of a color with a name of an object (e.g. ,a yellow banana).
C)sort color patches into piles of red,green,and blue.
D)match a color to the word of the color.

Accepted Answer

JB's case demonstrated that despite his deteriorations in understanding the meaning of words, he retained the ability to sort color patches into piles based on their color, indicating his perceptual abilities in color recognition remained intact.

Question 12

Who studied color perception in the Dani,an isolated tribe living in New Guinea?
A)Benjamin Whorf
B)Noam Chomsky
C)Eleanor Rosch
D)Allen Gardner

Accepted Answer

Eleanor Rosch studied color perception in the Dani tribe in her research on the categorization of color across cultures.

Question 13

The linguistic relativity hypothesis was first proposed by:
A)Benjamin Whorf.
B)B.F.Skinner.
C)Noam Chomsky.
D)Bernard Weiner.

Accepted Answer

The linguistic relativity hypothesis, also known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, was first proposed by Benjamin Whorf in the 1930s.

Question 14

English speakers tend to conceptualize time in _____ spatial dimensions,whereas Mandarin speakers tend to conceptualize time in _____ spatial dimensions.
A)horizontal;vertical
B)horizontal;circular
C)vertical;horizontal
D)vertical;circular

Accepted Answer

English speakers tend to conceptualize time as moving horizontally from left to right, where the past is on the left and the future is on the right. In contrast, Mandarin speakers tend to conceptualize time as moving vertically, with earlier events being on top and later events being on the bottom. This is because written Mandarin characters are read from top to bottom.

Question 15

Which statement about JB's perFormance on color-meaning tasks is TRUE?
A)JB could not verbally name colors presented to him.
B)JB could associate the name of a color with a name of an object (e.g. ,a yellow banana).
C)JB could not sort color patches into piles of red,green,and blue.
D)JB could match a color to the word of the color.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statement about JB's perFormance on color-meaning...

Question 16

The linguistic relativity hypothesis holds that:
A)different languages use different grammatical constructions.
B)language shapes the nature of thought.
C)different brain regions are activated when a bilingual person uses her native language as opposed to her second language.
D)all languages change over time.

Accepted Answer

The linguistic relativity hypothesis, also known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, suggests that language influences the way we perceive and think about the world. In other words, the structure and categories of a language shape our thoughts and behaviors. This concept has been debated and studied extensively in linguistics and cognitive psychology.

Question 17

Which statement about JB's perFormance on color-meaning tasks is TRUE?
A)JB could verbally name colors presented to him.
B)JB could associate the name of a color with a name of an object (e.g. ,a yellow banana).
C)JB could not sort color patches into piles of red,green,and blue.
D)JB could not match a color to the word of the color.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statement about JB's perFormance on color-meaning...

Question 18

Recent research conducted at the University of Georgia found that bilingual students scored higher than did their monolingual peers on:
A)general intelligence (IQ)tests.
B)the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT)
C)reading comprehension tests in the first grade.
D)the personality domain of conscientiousness.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Recent research conducted at the University of...

Question 19

Research on language use in apes indicates that apes do NOT have limitations in:
A)vocabulary.
B)passive understanding relative to active use.
C)understanding of grammar.
D)conceptual repertoire.

Accepted Answer

Apes show a significant difference in their ability to understand language passively compared to their ability to use it actively. They can comprehend more through passive understanding (e.g., following commands or understanding signs) than they can actively communicate through signs or symbols themselves. This suggests that their limitation is less in passive understanding and more in active use and other areas like vocabulary, grammar, and conceptual repertoire.

Question 20

About _____ of European Union citizens speak a second language.
A)a quarter
B)a third
C)a half
D)three quarters

Accepted Answer

About half of European Union citizens speak a second language, reflecting the multilingual nature of the region.

Quiz 9: Language and Thought-Part A

Which statement about cultural differences in language use related to color is TRUE?

The Dani,an isolated tribe living in New Guinea,have only two words for colors,roughly corresponding to "light" and "dark." The Dani _ impairments in recognizing shades of color,which is _ with the linguistic relativity hypothesis.

Which statement about the limitations of language learning in apes is NOT true?

Professor Janes is preparing a flow chart depicting a timeline of the history of psychology to be used at a Chinese university.To maximize student learning,how should the flow chart be oriented?

The language of the Inuit in Canada has many different terms for frozen white flakes of precipitation,for which we use the term snow._ argued that,because of this,the Inuit _.

Despite training,apes may have trouble learning to understand and use the word "justice" but have little trouble learning to understand the word "juice." This BEST illustrates which limitation?

When apes communicate using Forms of human language,their communication typically lacks:

The Dani,an isolated tribe living in New Guinea,have only two words for colors,roughly corresponding to "light" and "dark." According to the linguistic relativity hypothesis,they should:

In culturally diverse cities,the ability to speak two or more languages fluently is associated with:

Research on color meaning with JB,who suffered progressive deteriorations in understanding the meaning of words,even though he perFormed well on many other perceptual and cognitive tasks,demonstrated that JB was able to:

Who studied color perception in the Dani,an isolated tribe living in New Guinea?

The linguistic relativity hypothesis was first proposed by:

English speakers tend to conceptualize time in _ spatial dimensions,whereas Mandarin speakers tend to conceptualize time in _ spatial dimensions.

Which statement about JB's perFormance on color-meaning tasks is TRUE?

The linguistic relativity hypothesis holds that:

Which statement about JB's perFormance on color-meaning tasks is TRUE?

Recent research conducted at the University of Georgia found that bilingual students scored higher than did their monolingual peers on:

Research on language use in apes indicates that apes do NOT have limitations in:

About _____ of European Union citizens speak a second language.