Question 1

German infants are more likely to have _____ than they are _____ attachment styles.
A)avoidant;secure
B)ambivalent;secure
C)avoidant;ambivalent
D)ambivalent;avoidant

Accepted Answer

German infants are more likely to have avoidant attachment styles than ambivalent ones, reflecting cultural values of independence and self-reliance.

Question 2

Infants with a(n)_____ attachment style act as though they are certain that the primary caregiver will NOT respond when they feel insecure.
A)secure
B)avoidant
C)ambivalent
D)disorganized

Accepted Answer

Infants with an avoidant attachment style show little to no distress when the primary caregiver leaves and avoid contact with the caregiver upon return, suggesting that they anticipate unresponsiveness from the caregiver.

Question 3

Psychologists speculate that infants who have suffered abuse by their primary caregivers are more likely to exhibit which style of attachment?
A)secure
B)avoidant
C)ambivalent
D)disorganized

Accepted Answer

Infants who have suffered abuse or trauma by their primary caregivers may exhibit disorganized attachment, which is characterized by conflicting behavior and emotions towards the caregiver, such as seeking their comfort while simultaneously displaying fear or avoidance. This is thought to be a coping mechanism developed by the infant to manage the conflicting emotions and behaviors of their caregiver.

Question 4

An _____ refers to a set of beliefs about the self,the primary caregiver,and the relationship between them.
A)external theory of mind
B)internal working model of relationships
C)external schematic of relationships
D)interpersonal attachment model

Accepted Answer

An internal working model of relationships refers to a set of beliefs about the self, the primary caregiver, and the relationship between them. This model is formed early in life through interactions with caregivers and can influence future relationships and attachment styles. The other answer choices are not accurate descriptions of this concept.

Question 5

The Strange Situation test measures a child's:
A)problem-solving ability when given a novel cognitive stimulus.
B)preference for toys covered in cloth or wire mesh.
C)reaction on the first day of school.
D)attachment style.

Accepted Answer

The Strange Situation test is a standardized procedure used to assess a child's attachment style, which reflects their feelings of safety and security in the presence of their caregiver. The test involves a series of separations and reunions between the child and the caregiver, as well as interactions with a stranger, in a structured playroom setting. The child's behavior during these episodes provides insight into their attachment style, such as whether they are securely attached, avoidant, or ambivalent.

Question 6

Research using the Strange Situation has demonstrated that a majority of American infants display a(n)_____ attachment style.
A)avoidant
B)secure
C)ambivalent
D)disorganized

Accepted Answer

Research using the Strange Situation has consistently shown that a majority of American infants display a secure attachment style. This means that they use their primary caregiver as a secure base from which to explore the environment and feel comfortable seeking comfort and reassurance from them when needed. Only a minority of infants display avoidant or ambivalent attachment styles, and a small percentage show a disorganized attachment style.

Question 7

In the Strange Situation,1-year-old Mei Ling mildly protests her mother's departure,seeks interaction with her mother when the two are reunited,and is readily comforted by her mother.Mei Ling is showing a(n)_____ attachment style.
A)avoidant
B)ambivalent
C)disorganized
D)secure

Accepted Answer

Mei Ling's behavior indicates a secure attachment style. She protests her mother's departure but seeks interaction with her when reunited and is comforted by her mother, which are all characteristics of a secure attachment style. Avoidant attachment style involves little or no reaction to departure or reunion, ambivalent attachment style involves extreme distress on separation and a mixed reaction on reunion, and disorganized attachment style involves inconsistent and unpredictable behavior.

Question 8

Dara exhibits an ambivalent style of attachment.Which statement BEST describes the behavior of her mother,Kendra?
A)Kendra is especially sensitive to Dara's emotional state.
B)Kendra is completely insensitive to Dara's needs for reassurance.
C)Kendra is likely to respond to Dara's requests for reassurance.
D)Kendra is likely to respond inconsistently to Dara's requests for reassurance.

Accepted Answer

Dara's ambivalent attachment style suggests that her mother's responses to her needs are inconsistent. This would be in line with option D, which suggests that Kendra is likely to respond inconsistently to Dara's requests for reassurance. Kendra may sometimes respond in a supportive way, while other times she may be less attuned to Dara's needs.

Question 9

Mothers who are indifferent to their infant's need for reassurance and reject their attempts at physical closeness often have infants who show what type of attachment style?
A)secure
B)avoidant
C)ambivalent
D)disorganized

Accepted Answer

Infants with avoidant attachment style tend to avoid seeking comfort or reassurance when stressed or upset, which is often a result of their mothers' rejection of their attempts at physical closeness and indifference to their needs for reassurance.

Question 10

The term temperament is defined as:
A)expectations about how the primary caregiver will respond.
B)the strength of the tendency to lose one's temper.
C)characteristic patterns of emotional reactivity.
D)the tendency to show strong negative emotions.

Accepted Answer

Temperament refers to characteristic patterns of emotional reactivity or the innate predispositions that underlie our behaviors and emotions. Expectations about how the primary caregiver will respond are related to attachment styles, the strength of the tendency to lose one's temper is related to anger proneness, and the tendency to show strong negative emotions is a characteristic of negative affectivity.

Question 11

About what percentage of American infants show an avoidant attachment style?
A)10%
B)20%
C)30%
D)40%

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that approximately 20% of American infants display an avoidant attachment style, characterized by a lack of responsiveness and emotion when their caregiver leaves or returns.

Question 12

Which statement about working models of internal relationships is FALSE?
A)Infants with an ambivalent style of attachment are not sure if their caregivers will respond when they are feeling insecure.
B)Securely attached children tend to remember more happy events than do insecurely attached children.
C)Securely attached children will stare longer at a cartoon in which a mother is comforting instead of ignoring her child.
D)Infants with a disorganized style of attachment seem to be confused about their caregivers.

Accepted Answer

Securely attached children are generally more focused on positive interactions and outcomes, but the statement about staring longer at a cartoon where a mother is comforting her child, as opposed to ignoring, does not accurately represent how attachment styles influence memory or attention in such specific scenarios. The other options correctly describe characteristics of different attachment styles.

Question 13

Japanese infants are more likely to have _____ than they are _____ attachment styles.
A)avoidant;secure
B)ambivalent;secure
C)avoidant;ambivalent
D)ambivalent;avoidant

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that Japanese infants are more likely to have an ambivalent or anxious-resistant attachment style, characterized by clinginess and reluctance to explore, than an avoidant attachment style. This is thought to be due to the cultural emphasis on dependency and the mother-child relationship in Japan.

Question 14

Eleven-month-old Ashley plays without a fuss when her mother leaves and on her return ignores her.Ashley is demonstrating which type of attachment style?
A)avoidant
B)ambivalent
C)disorganized
D)secure

Accepted Answer

Ashley's lack of interest in her mother's departure and return, and her lack of seeking contact or comfort from her mother upon her return, indicates an avoidant attachment style. Children with this attachment style typically avoid or minimize contact with their caretakers and may not show distress upon separation.

Question 15

Attachment is defined as a(n)_____ bond that Forms between newborns and their primary caregivers.
A)intellectual
B)emotional
C)maturational
D)physical

Accepted Answer

Attachment refers to the emotional bond that forms between a child and their primary caregiver. It is not based on intellectual, maturational, or physical factors, but rather on the emotional connection between the two individuals.

Question 16

Which statement about attachment style is TRUE?
A)The disorganized attachment style is the second most common type of attachment in the United States.
B)It is not unusual for attachment styles to change over time.
C)Attachment styles demonstrated in the laboratory do not correlate well with attachment styles demonstrated at home.
D)Japanese infants are more likely than German infants to exhibit an avoidant attachment style.

Accepted Answer

It is possible for attachment styles to change over time based on experiences and relationships. However, it may take time and effort to shift from one attachment style to another. A, C, and D are all false statements. Disorganized attachment is actually the least common type of attachment in the United States, laboratory assessments of attachment styles have been found to be reliable predictors of attachment styles demonstrated at home, and German infants are more likely to exhibit an avoidant attachment style while Japanese infants are more likely to exhibit a secure attachment style.

Question 17

About what percentage of American infants show an ambivalent attachment style?
A)5%
B)10%
C)15%
D)20%

Accepted Answer

Approximately 15% of American infants are estimated to show an ambivalent attachment style.

Question 18

Toddler Jake shows severe signs of distress when his mother leaves.When she returns,he pushes her away.Jake is manifesting the characteristics of _____ attachment.
A)disorganized
B)ambivalent
C)avoidant
D)secure

Accepted Answer

Jake is showing signs of distress when his mother leaves, which is a characteristic of attachment behavior. However, he pushes her away when she returns, which is not typical of secure attachment. His behavior suggests that he is anxious and uncertain about his mother's availability or responsiveness, which is a common feature of ambivalent attachment.

Question 19

About what percentage of American infants show a secure attachment style?
A)20%
B)40%
C)60%
D)80%

Accepted Answer

Approximately 60% of American infants are classified as securely attached. This is based on research using the Strange Situation procedure developed by Mary Ainsworth, which assesses how infants respond to the presence and absence of their caregiver.

Question 20

Worldwide,_____ attachment is the MOST common.
A)secure
B)avoidant
C)ambivalent
D)disorganized

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that secure attachment is the most common type of attachment worldwide, with approximately 60-65% of infants exhibiting this style. Avoidant attachment is the next most common, followed by ambivalent attachment and disorganized attachment, which are relatively rare.

Quiz 11: Development-Part A

German infants are more likely to have _ than they are _ attachment styles.

Infants with a(n) _____ attachment style act as though they are certain that the primary caregiver will NOT respond when they feel insecure.

Psychologists speculate that infants who have suffered abuse by their primary caregivers are more likely to exhibit which style of attachment?

An _____ refers to a set of beliefs about the self,the primary caregiver,and the relationship between them.

The Strange Situation test measures a child's:

Research using the Strange Situation has demonstrated that a majority of American infants display a(n) _____ attachment style.

In the Strange Situation,1-year-old Mei Ling mildly protests her mother's departure,seeks interaction with her mother when the two are reunited,and is readily comforted by her mother.Mei Ling is showing a(n) _____ attachment style.

Dara exhibits an ambivalent style of attachment.Which statement BEST describes the behavior of her mother,Kendra?

Mothers who are indifferent to their infant's need for reassurance and reject their attempts at physical closeness often have infants who show what type of attachment style?

The term temperament is defined as:

About what percentage of American infants show an avoidant attachment style?

Which statement about working models of internal relationships is FALSE?

Japanese infants are more likely to have _ than they are _ attachment styles.

Eleven-month-old Ashley plays without a fuss when her mother leaves and on her return ignores her.Ashley is demonstrating which type of attachment style?

Attachment is defined as a(n) _____ bond that Forms between newborns and their primary caregivers.

Which statement about attachment style is TRUE?

About what percentage of American infants show an ambivalent attachment style?

Toddler Jake shows severe signs of distress when his mother leaves.When she returns,he pushes her away.Jake is manifesting the characteristics of _____ attachment.

About what percentage of American infants show a secure attachment style?

Worldwide,_____ attachment is the MOST common.