Question 1

The results of research on facial attractiveness MOSTLY support a(n)_____ position on attractiveness.

Accepted Answer

Research on facial attractiveness mostly supports an absolutist position, which suggests that there is a universal standard of beauty that applies to all cultures and individuals. Studies have found that people from different cultures tend to agree on which faces are attractive, and that certain facial features are consistently viewed as more attractive than others. This suggests that there may be a biological basis for facial attractiveness, rather than it being solely dependent on social or cultural factors.

Question 2

Scientists use _____ when they generate hypotheses.

Accepted Answer

Theoretical reasoning involves generating hypotheses based on existing theoretical knowledge or principles. This is the approach typically used by scientists when developing new hypotheses to test. Practical reasoning refers to using logic and reasoning to solve real-world problems, but it is not the primary method used for hypothesis generation in scientific research. Means-ends analysis and analogical problem solving are problem-solving techniques, but they are not directly related to hypothesis generation.

Question 3

A tenet of cognitive behavior therapy with which B.F.Skinner would NOT agree is that it:

Accepted Answer

B.F. Skinner, a behaviorist, did not believe in the concept of "irrational thoughts" and focused solely on observable behavior rather than internal mental processes. Therefore, he would not agree with the use of cognitive techniques in therapy.

Question 4

One cannot infer cause and effect from the natural correlation between viewing violence and aggression due to the _____ problem;however,this topic was studied experimentally by _____ with children who observed aggressive adult models.

Accepted Answer

The statement mentions the third-variable problem, which refers to the possibility of another variable influencing both the viewing of violence and aggression. Additionally, the study with children who observed aggressive adult models refers to the famous Bobo doll experiment conducted by Bandura, making choice B the correct answer.

Question 5

_____ argued that people react to the world as they see it and not as how it is.Correcting these irrational beliefs is a defining feature of a therapy termed _____.

Accepted Answer

Kurt Lewin argued that people react to the world as they see it and not as how it is. Correcting these irrational beliefs is a defining feature of a therapy termed cognitive restructuring. Karl Lashley, on the other hand, was a neuroscientist who researched the nature of learning and memory in the brain. Mindfulness meditation is a type of meditation practice that involves focusing one's attention on the present moment without judgment.

Question 6

Dylan is interested in finding out how sensitive his roommate is to sound.While he is watching TV,Dylan gradually turns up the volume on his stereo.Over the course of several days,Dylan does this a number of times and each time records the volume at which his roommate complains.This experiment may be considered a study of _____,and the dependent variable is the volume _____.

Accepted Answer

This experiment is a study of psychophysics, as it is exploring the relationship between a physical stimulus (volume on the stereo) and a psychological response (the roommate complaining). The dependent variable is at which the roommate complains, as this is the variable that is being measured and is expected to change in response to the manipulation of the independent variable (volume on the stereo).

Question 7

Which use of the deviation IQ to measure intelligence differences is invalid?

Accepted Answer

The deviation IQ is designed to measure intelligence relative to an individual's age group. Comparing intelligence across significantly different age groups, such as young adults and senior citizens, using deviation IQ is invalid because the scores are normed within age groups, not across them.

Question 8

Binet and Simon believed that tests that measured _____ were NOT _____ measures of intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Binet and Simon, pioneers in intelligence testing, believed that tests measuring achievement (what one has learned) were not valid measures of intelligence, as they thought intelligence was more about the capacity to learn and solve problems rather than what was already learned.

Question 9

In the general population,the frequency distribution of intelligence scores is _____ but slightly more _____ for males than it is for females.

Accepted Answer

The frequency distribution of intelligence scores in the general population is normal, meaning it follows a bell curve. However, it is slightly more variable for males than for females, indicating a wider range of scores among males.

Question 10

Dylan is interested in finding out how sensitive his roommate is to sound.While he is watching TV,Dylan gradually turns up the volume on his stereo.Over the course of several days,Dylan does this a number of times and each time records the volume at which his roommate complains.This experiment may be considered a study of _____,and the independent variable is the volume _____.

Accepted Answer

This experiment is a study of psychophysics, which investigates the relationship between physical stimuli and the sensations and perceptions they produce. The independent variable, which is manipulated by Dylan, is the volume on the stereo.

Question 11

Research has indicated that there is a _____ between intelligence and income.

Accepted Answer

This means that as intelligence increases, so does income. Research has consistently shown a positive correlation between intelligence and income, with studies suggesting that cognitive ability is strongly associated with higher levels of employment and income.

Question 12

Ratio IQ is NOT a _____ method of measuring _____ intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Ratio IQ measures are considered to be a valid method of measuring adult intelligence, as the scale is based on comparing an individual's performance to other people of the same age group. Ratio IQ scores have been found to have good predictive validity for outcomes such as academic achievement and job performance. However, it is worth noting that there is ongoing debate about the usefulness and limitations of IQ tests as a measure of intelligence.

Question 13

_____ argued that people react to the world as they see it and not as how it is.This idea is central to the _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ argued that people react to the...

Question 14

A(n)_____ psychologist would find the example of _____ MOST difficult to explain.

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary psychologists study how behavior and mental processes have evolved over time. The sacrifice of one's life for a complete stranger does not fit easily into an evolutionary framework, as it does not seem to directly enhance one's own survival or reproduction. Therefore, an evolutionary psychologist would find this example the most difficult to explain.

Question 15

A practicing clinical psychologist who is NOT affiliated with a college or university probably would be a member of which professional organization?

Accepted Answer

The American Psychological Association (APA) is the largest professional organization for psychologists in the United States, and it represents a wide variety of specialties within the field. Clinical psychologists who are not affiliated with a college or university are likely to be members of the APA or one of its divisions. The Association for Psychological Science and the Society for Neuroscience are more focused on research and academia, while the Association for Behavior Analysis is focused on the application of behavior analysis principles.

Question 16

In an emphatic and nondirectional way,Dr.Swanson tries to understand her clients' experiences and reflect it back to them in a compassionate way.She feels that this approach facilitates her clients' natural tendency toward growth.Dr.Swanson is a(n)_____ therapist,which was influenced by the work of _____.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Swanson's approach of understanding her clients' experiences and reflecting it back to them in a compassionate way is characteristic of the person-centered therapy approach, which was developed by Carl Rogers. This approach emphasizes empathy, nonjudgmental acceptance, and reflective listening to foster clients' growth and self-actualization. The other answer options are not relevant to Dr. Swanson's approach or are incorrect.

Question 17

Research has indicated that there is a _____ between intelligence and tobacco use.

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown a negative correlation between intelligence and tobacco use, indicating that individuals with higher intelligence are less likely to smoke or use tobacco products. This correlation does not necessarily imply causation, and the exact factors underlying this relationship are not fully understood.

Question 18

An evolutionary psychologist would focus on which reason as being the primary one for why men are more promiscuous than are women?

Accepted Answer

The primary reason from an evolutionary psychology perspective is that the biological costs of reproduction are lower for men than they are for women. This means that men can increase their reproductive success by being more promiscuous, as they do not bear the physical costs of pregnancy and child-rearing to the same extent as women.

Question 19

A therapist providing treatment for a woman who is clinically depressed develops an incentive program to help her engage more in social activities.For every approved activity that she completes,she wins points that later can be exchanged for items she finds desirable.The therapist is using a version of _____,and this treatment is consistent with the theoretical orientation of _____.

Accepted Answer

The therapist is using a version of a token economy, which involves giving a reward or token for a desired behavior, that can later be exchanged for something desirable. This approach is consistent with the theoretical orientation of B.F. Skinner and his behaviorism principles. Interpersonal therapy and person-centered therapy focus more on the relationship and emotions of the client rather than a specific behavior. Systematic desensitization is a type of therapy that aims to reduce anxiety associated with specific stimuli, such as phobias.

Question 20

A researcher manipulated the intensity of light in increments of five lumens and asked participants if the light was present or absent.The study found that two particular participants had the same _____ threshold for perceiving the light.Had the investigators manipulated the light in units of one lumen,a difference would have been found between the individuals.The study was lacking the _____ to detect this difference.

Accepted Answer

The first blank requires a term that indicates that the participants had the same threshold for perceiving the light regardless of the intensity level, which is absolute threshold. The second blank indicates that had the investigators manipulated the light in smaller increments, they would have been able to detect a difference between the individuals, which suggests that the study lacked the power to detect this difference. Therefore, the correct answer is (C) absolute; power. Neither significance nor validity nor reliability are fitting choices for the second blank.

Quiz 17: Psychology Appendix

The results of research on facial attractiveness MOSTLY support a(n) _____ position on attractiveness.

Scientists use _____ when they generate hypotheses.

A tenet of cognitive behavior therapy with which B.F.Skinner would NOT agree is that it:

One cannot infer cause and effect from the natural correlation between viewing violence and aggression due to the _ problem;however,this topic was studied experimentally by _ with children who observed aggressive adult models.

_ argued that people react to the world as they see it and not as how it is.Correcting these irrational beliefs is a defining feature of a therapy termed _.

Which use of the deviation IQ to measure intelligence differences is invalid?

Binet and Simon believed that tests that measured _ were NOT _ measures of intelligence.

In the general population,the frequency distribution of intelligence scores is _ but slightly more _ for males than it is for females.

Research has indicated that there is a _____ between intelligence and income.

Ratio IQ is NOT a _ method of measuring _ intelligence.

_ argued that people react to the world as they see it and not as how it is.This idea is central to the _.

A(n) _ psychologist would find the example of _ MOST difficult to explain.

A practicing clinical psychologist who is NOT affiliated with a college or university probably would be a member of which professional organization?

In an emphatic and nondirectional way,Dr.Swanson tries to understand her clients' experiences and reflect it back to them in a compassionate way.She feels that this approach facilitates her clients' natural tendency toward growth.Dr.Swanson is a(n) _ therapist,which was influenced by the work of _.

Research has indicated that there is a _____ between intelligence and tobacco use.

An evolutionary psychologist would focus on which reason as being the primary one for why men are more promiscuous than are women?

Quiz 17: Psychology Appendix

The results of research on facial attractiveness MOSTLY support a(n) _____ position on attractiveness.

Scientists use _____ when they generate hypotheses.

A tenet of cognitive behavior therapy with which B.F.Skinner would NOT agree is that it:

One cannot infer cause and effect from the natural correlation between viewing violence and aggression due to the _____ problem;however,this topic was studied experimentally by _____ with children who observed aggressive adult models.

_____ argued that people react to the world as they see it and not as how it is.Correcting these irrational beliefs is a defining feature of a therapy termed _____.

Which use of the deviation IQ to measure intelligence differences is invalid?

Binet and Simon believed that tests that measured _____ were NOT _____ measures of intelligence.

In the general population,the frequency distribution of intelligence scores is _____ but slightly more _____ for males than it is for females.

Research has indicated that there is a _____ between intelligence and income.

Ratio IQ is NOT a _____ method of measuring _____ intelligence.

_____ argued that people react to the world as they see it and not as how it is.This idea is central to the _____.

A(n) _____ psychologist would find the example of _____ MOST difficult to explain.

A practicing clinical psychologist who is NOT affiliated with a college or university probably would be a member of which professional organization?

Research has indicated that there is a _____ between intelligence and tobacco use.

An evolutionary psychologist would focus on which reason as being the primary one for why men are more promiscuous than are women?

One cannot infer cause and effect from the natural correlation between viewing violence and aggression due to the _ problem;however,this topic was studied experimentally by _ with children who observed aggressive adult models.

_ argued that people react to the world as they see it and not as how it is.Correcting these irrational beliefs is a defining feature of a therapy termed _.

Binet and Simon believed that tests that measured _ were NOT _ measures of intelligence.

In the general population,the frequency distribution of intelligence scores is _ but slightly more _ for males than it is for females.

Ratio IQ is NOT a _ method of measuring _ intelligence.

_ argued that people react to the world as they see it and not as how it is.This idea is central to the _.

A(n) _ psychologist would find the example of _ MOST difficult to explain.