Question 1

Which infant is most likely to have the fastest motor development?

Accepted Answer

Research has suggested that infants born and raised in warmer environments with a higher level of social and physical stimulation tend to have faster motor development. Jamaica is a relatively warm country with an active and social culture, which may contribute to faster motor development in infants born there.

Question 2

Nathan is trying to build a castle out of building blocks.At his current stage of cognitive development,he is unable to successfully construct this himself,but is receptive to learning the skill with the assistance of others.Which term proposed by Vygotsky best captures Nathan's developmental stage?

Accepted Answer

The zone of proximal development (ZPD) is the range of tasks that a child can perform with assistance but cannot yet perform independently. Nathan's current stage of cognitive development is not advanced enough to allow him to construct the castle himself, but he is receptive to learning the skill with the assistance of others, indicating that he is in the zone of proximal development.

Question 3

What does research on the achievement of motor milestones in infants suggest?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does research on the achievement of...

Question 4

In which way do most contemporary theories of cognitive development differ from Piagetian theory?

Accepted Answer

Most contemporary theories view cognitive development as a gradual process rather than a stagelike one, which is a key difference from Piagetian theory. They also emphasize the role of social and cultural factors, individual differences, and different domains of learning rather than a universal sequence of stages. Constructivist learning and the importance of acquired knowledge are also common themes among contemporary theories, but they are not the main differences from Piagetian theory.

Question 5

Researchers are testing three groups of children aged 2½,3½,and 4½ years of age.Which test should be administered to determine if these children have attained theory of mind?

Accepted Answer

The false belief test is commonly used to determine if children have developed theory of mind, which is the ability to understand the beliefs, desires, and intentions of oneself and others, and how they may differ from reality. The false belief test assesses if children understand that others may hold false beliefs about situations, and is typically administered around 4 years of age when theory of mind is believed to begin emerging. Conservation, object permanence, and self-concept do not directly assess theory of mind.

Question 6

Five-year-old Tammy mistakenly believes that her short,wide glass contains less soda than her brother's tall,narrow glass.Actually,both glasses contain the same amount of soda.This illustrates that Tammy lacks the concept of

Accepted Answer

Tammy's belief that the short, wide glass contains less soda than the tall, narrow glass shows a lack of understanding of conservation. Conservation is the concept that the amount of a substance remains the same even if the shape or arrangement of the object changes. Tammy believes that the amount of soda changes based on the size and shape of the glass, indicating a lack of conservation understanding. Egocentrism refers to a child's inability to take another's perspective, assimilation is the process of fitting new information into existing schemas, and object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight. None of these concepts directly relate to Tammy's mistaken belief about the glasses containing different amounts of soda.

Question 7

The first time that four-year-old Sarah saw her older brother play a flute,she thought it was simply a large whistle.Sarah's initial understanding of the flute best illustrates the process of

Accepted Answer

Sarah's interpretation of the flute as a large whistle is an example of assimilation, where she integrates this new experience into her existing framework or understanding of similar objects.

Question 8

Three-year-old Zara calls all four-legged animals "kitties." Her tendency to fit all four-legged animals into her existing conception of a kitten illustrates the process of

Accepted Answer

Zara is assimilating all four-legged animals into her existing schema of a kitten. Assimilation is the process of interpreting new information in terms of existing mental structures or schemas.

Question 9

What did Harlow's research with rhesus monkeys in the 1950s demonstrate about attachment?

Accepted Answer

Harlow's research demonstrated that attachment is not determined by nourishment or comfort as the monkeys did not bond to either surrogate with a feeding mechanism, but instead was associated with contact comfort.

Question 10

Fred has no meaningful occupational goals and has switched college majors several times.Erikson would have suggested that Fred lacks

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fred has no meaningful occupational goals and...

Question 11

A mother leaves her baby with a babysitter.When the mother returns one hour later,the baby crawls to the mother crying,but then pushes her away when the mother tries to offer comfort.Which type of attachment is being characterized?

Accepted Answer

This behavior is indicative of resistant attachment, where the child is ambivalent and may seek comfort but also resist it, showing mixed feelings towards the caregiver.

Question 12

Which behaviour most clearly demonstrates the existence of emotional attachment?

Accepted Answer

Stranger anxiety is a behavior that indicates emotional attachment, as it shows a preference for familiar people and distress around strangers.

Quiz 10: D: Lifespan Development