Question 1

In the Stanford Prison Study,male college students agreed to participate in a two-week experiment to discover what would happen when they took on the roles of prisoners and guards.The researchers found that

Accepted Answer

The researchers found that within a short time the prisoners became distressed and panicky, developing emotional symptoms and stress-related illnesses. This was one of the main findings of the study.

Question 2

What actual event could have been predicted based on the results of Zimbardo's classic prisoner study at Stanford University?

Accepted Answer

The events at Abu Gharib prison in Iraq could have been predicted based on the results of Zimbardo's classic prisoner study at Stanford University. The study showed that in situations of power dynamics, individuals in positions of authority can become abusive and use their power to mistreat those in lower positions. This was seen in the actions of some U.S. soldiers at Abu Gharib, who abused and mistreated prisoners under their control.

Question 3

Drill instructors in the military often yell at new recruits and try to humiliate them.In contrast,this behaviour would never be tolerated from a kindergarten teacher,who is expected to be patient and nurturing.The behaviour of both drill instructors and kindergarten teachers are examples of

Accepted Answer

The behavior of both drill instructors and kindergarten teachers reflects the social roles they are expected to fulfill within their respective contexts. Social roles are the sets of expectations and behaviors associated with a particular position in a social group or institution. In the military, drill instructors must be authoritative and ensure that recruits follow orders without question, while kindergarten teachers must be nurturing and facilitate the social and emotional development of young children. Both roles are prescribed by society and come with certain expectations about how individuals in those roles should behave.

Question 4

The guidelines for how to behave in social contexts are called

Accepted Answer

Social guidelines for behavior are known as social norms. Social cognitions refer to the mental processes involved in social interactions. Social roles are the expected behaviors of an individual in a particular social situation. Conformities refer to the act of complying with social norms or expectations.

Question 5

Ginger's new roommate tends to wink a lot at the end of sentences to indicate that she is joking.After living together for a few weeks,Ginger unconsciously begins to wink when she makes a joke.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

The chameleon effect refers to the unconscious mimicry of another person's behavior or mannerisms. In this scenario, Ginger unconsciously adopts the behavior of her roommate by winking to indicate joking.

Question 6

The chameleon effect occurs when individuals

Accepted Answer

The chameleon effect refers to the unconscious copying of others' behavior without any apparent reason. It is a social psychology phenomenon where people tend to mimic the behavior, body language, and mannerisms of those around them. This can happen in various social situations, such as during conversations, meetings, or even in a casual setting.

Question 7

In general,when an individual mimics aspects of the behaviour of another,the imitator tends to be ___________by the imitated person.

Accepted Answer

When one individual mimics aspects of the behavior of another, it is usually seen as a form of flattery and admiration, which tends to create a positive impression of the imitator in the eyes of the imitated person. This is why the imitated person typically views the imitator favorably.

Question 8

The Stanford Prison Study demonstrates how a person's _______________ affects behaviour.

Accepted Answer

The Stanford Prison Study was a classic study by social psychologist Philip Zimbardo that investigated the effects of social roles on behavior. The study showed that when people are placed in positions of power, they tend to act in ways that are consistent with their role, even if it contradicts their personal values and beliefs. This demonstrates how social roles and expectations can have a powerful influence on behavior.

Question 9

Some behaviours,such as cursing and wearing revealing clothing are acceptable in some social contexts,but are considered unacceptable in other situations,such as in a business office.Which of the following explains why this is the case?

Accepted Answer

Social norms are unwritten rules that guide behaviour in specific social contexts. These norms vary from one context to another and are influenced by cultural and societal expectations. Cursing and wearing revealing clothing may be considered acceptable in informal social contexts, but inappropriate in formal or professional settings such as a business office. Therefore, social norms are specific to a social context.

Question 10

Wilhelm doesn't follow sports,but he agrees to go to a football game with a friend.Because he is unfamiliar with the rules,Wilhelm watches the other spectators around him carefully to see when they clap,stand,cheer,and boo and then copies their behaviour.Which strategy is Wilhelm using?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm is using mimicry, which is the act of imitating or copying the behavior of others. He is not necessarily conforming to the group or blindly following authority, as is the case with groupthink and obedience. Parodying is intentionally mocking or imitating something for comedic effect, which does not apply in this scenario.

Question 11

You get on an elevator.Everyone is facing to the right.You turn and also face to the right.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This scenario fits the definition of conformity, which is the tendency to adjust one's thoughts or behavior to align with those of a group or group standard. In this case, the group norm is to face to the right in the elevator, and the person entering the elevator conforms to this norm by also facing to the right. Obedience refers to following the orders or commands of an authority figure, comparison involves evaluating oneself in relation to others, and attribution refers to explaining the causes of behavior or events.

Question 12

While __________ are general rules that apply to members of a group,___________ are guidelines that apply to specific positions within the group.

Accepted Answer

Social norms are general rules that apply to members of a group, while social roles are guidelines that apply to specific positions within the group. Therefore, option D is the best choice. Option A and B are incorrect because obedience and conformity rules are not synonymous with social norms and social roles. Option C is incorrect because social roles are not the same as social norms.

Question 13

Daniel's friends would probably describe him as easy going and a bit of a jokester.However,after becoming a police officer,Daniel feels that he is expected to be serious and strict.Daniel is feeling pressure to conform his behaviour to the ______________ of police officer.

Accepted Answer

Social role refers to the expected behaviors, attitudes, and responsibilities associated with a particular position in society or organization, such as being a police officer. Therefore, Daniel is feeling pressure to conform to the social role of a police officer.

Question 14

When individuals find themselves in new situations where they are uncertain of how to behave,they often copy the behaviours of others,a strategy known as

Accepted Answer

Mimicry refers to the act of copying the behavior of others in order to adapt to a new situation. This can be a useful strategy when an individual is uncertain of how to behave in a particular social context, as it allows them to observe and emulate the actions of others who are already familiar with the environment. Obedience, groupthink, and parodying are not necessarily related to the act of copying behavior in this way.

Question 15

In the experiments conducted by Solomon Asch,what was the main task that subjects had to perform?

Accepted Answer

The main task that subjects had to perform in Solomon Asch's experiments was selecting line sizes. Subjects were presented with a standard line and then asked to choose the matching line from a group of comparison lines. This was done to study conformity and social influence.

Question 16

Doni enters an elevator and stands in it facing the back instead of turning around to face the elevator door.Doni is violating

Accepted Answer

Doni is violating a social norm, which is the unwritten rule that people are expected to face the elevator door while in an elevator. It is not necessarily related to their gender or social role, and does not involve a stereotype.

Question 17

What does the Stanford prison study tell us about the relationship between social roles and behaviour?

Accepted Answer

The Stanford prison study demonstrated that when people are placed in social roles with a lot of power, their behaviour can change to fit their new role. The study showed that even individuals who were initially deemed mentally and emotionally stable could begin to exhibit cruel and abusive behaviour when placed in a position of power over others. This suggests that social roles can have a significant impact on behaviour, particularly when there are clear power dynamics at play.

Question 18

Imitating the behaviour of one individual is called _____________,whereas changing your behaviour to fit in with a group is called _____________.

Accepted Answer

Mimicry refers to copying the actions or behavior of one individual, while conformity means changing one's behavior or actions to fit in with a group. Therefore, option A, mimicry and conformity, provides the correct match of terms and their definitions. Option D, which reverses the terms conformity and obedience, is incorrect. Option C, obedience and conformity, is also incorrect because obedience refers to following the orders or commands of someone in authority, whereas conformity is about fitting in with a group.

Question 19

Which of the following is true about conformity?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true about...

Question 20

According to your textbook,one of the situations that produces more mimicry than others is when an individual

Accepted Answer

Mimicry is often used as a way to establish rapport and build a positive relationship with others. When an individual wants to make a good impression, they may mimic the behavior and mannerisms of the person they are interacting with in order to appear more likable or relatable.

Quiz 13: B: Social Psychology