Question 1

Briefly explain the contribution of the woman's ovum and the man's sperm in determining the sex of the offspring.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly explain the contribution of the woman's...

Question 2

Mendel's pea plant experiments established the existence of dominant and recessive traits.

Accepted Answer

Mendel's experiments with pea plants showed that certain traits would always appear in the offspring generation after generation. He found that some traits were dominant, meaning that they would always be expressed in the offspring, while others were recessive, only appearing when both parents carried the recessive trait.

Question 3

Genes vary in terms of their reaction range,which is the potential degree of variation in the actual expression of a trait due to environmental conditions.

Accepted Answer

Genes can be influenced by environmental factors, and the extent to which they can vary in response to environmental conditions is known as the gene's reaction range. Therefore, the statement is true.

Question 4

Briefly explain how reproductive technologies are becoming increasingly sophisticated,permitting parents to choose the sex of the baby.

Accepted Answer

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Question 5

Briefly explain how the father's behavior may influence prenatal development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly explain how the father's behavior may...

Question 6

Pregnant women who ______ are _____ times more likely to have babies that are shorter with an abnormally low birth weight.

Accepted Answer

Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of having a baby with a low birth weight and being born prematurely. Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can also lead to a low birth weight but the risk is not as high as with smoking. The question specifically mentions "shorter with an abnormally low birth weight," which is a result more commonly associated with smoking during pregnancy. Furthermore, the increased risk factor of 2 times with drinking is lower than the 5 times increased risk factor associated with smoking.

Question 7

Research indicates that approximately __________ infants is born with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS).

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that approximately 1 out of 750 infants is born with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS).

Question 8

In the mid-1800s,the Austrian monk Gregor Mendel produced a series of simple experiments of cross-pollination of pea plants.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Gregor Mendel did indeed conduct experiments on cross-pollination of pea plants in the mid-1800s, which resulted in his development of the laws of inheritance and the establishment of the field of genetics.

Question 9

Mothers who use smaller amounts of alcohol during pregnancy place their children at risk of

Accepted Answer

Mothers who use smaller amounts of alcohol during pregnancy place their children at risk of fetal alcohol effects (FAE). FAE refers to a range of problems that can occur in a child whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy. The effects can be physical, mental, or both and can lead to lifelong disability. While fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is the most severe form of FAE, it is typically associated with heavier alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Choice A (FAS) is therefore not the best fit. Autoimmune deficiency and AIDS are not related to alcohol consumption during pregnancy and are therefore incorrect choices.

Question 10

It is clear that the father's sperm does not determine the sex of the child.

Accepted Answer

The father's sperm determines the sex of the child because it can carry either an X or a Y chromosome, while the mother's egg only carries an X chromosome. A combination of X from the mother and Y from the father results in a male child (XY), and an X from both parents results in a female child (XX).

Question 11

Relatively few traits are governed by a single pair of genes.Most traits are the result of polygenic inheritance.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Polygenic inheritance means that a trait is controlled by multiple genes, rather than just one pair.

Question 12

Studies have found that maternal consumption of an average of ___ alcoholic drink(s)a day during pregnancy is associated with adverse effects on intelligence,psychological functioning,and behavior in their children.

Accepted Answer

Studies have found that maternal consumption of an average of 2 alcoholic drink(s) a day during pregnancy is associated with adverse effects on intelligence, psychological functioning, and behavior in their children.

Question 13

Explain what is meant when researchers say that the role of genetics is to produce a tendency toward a future course of development.

Accepted Answer

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Question 14

Even though a child's parents both have the recessive gene for phenylketonuria,the child only has a 25% chance of inheriting the disorder.

Accepted Answer

If both parents carry the recessive gene for phenylketonuria, there is a 25% chance for each child to inherit two copies of the recessive gene (one from each parent) and thus have the disorder, a 50% chance to be a carrier like the parents, and a 25% chance to inherit two dominant genes, not having the disorder nor being a carrier.

Question 15

Briefly explain the inherited disorder called phenylketonuria (PKU).

Accepted Answer

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Question 16

Marta is pregnant and consumes substantial quantities of alcohol.She runs the risk of having a baby born with

Accepted Answer

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a condition that can occur in babies if pregnant women consume substantial quantities of alcohol. Symptoms can include facial abnormalities, growth deficiencies, and developmental delays.

Question 17

The field of behavioral genetics specializes in the consequences of heredity on behavior.

Accepted Answer

Behavioral genetics is the study of how genes and environment interact in shaping behavior. Thus, it focuses on how inherited genetic factors influence behavior.

Question 18

__________ reduces the oxygen content and increases the carbon monoxide of the mother's blood.This quickly reduces the oxygen available for the fetus.Further,the respiration rate slows and speeds up its heart.

Accepted Answer

Smoking cigarettes reduces the oxygen content and increases carbon monoxide in the mother's blood, which quickly reduces the oxygen available for the fetus. This can lead to a wide range of negative consequences, including slowed respiration rate and changes in heart rate. Fetal alcohol syndrome (A) is caused by alcohol consumption during pregnancy, AIDS (C) primarily affects the immune system and does not directly impact fetal oxygen levels, and using cocaine (D) can also have negative effects on fetal development, but does not specifically reduce oxygen levels in the mother's blood.

Question 19

The blood disorder hemophilia is an example of a disease that is produced by X-linked genes.

Accepted Answer

Hemophilia is caused by mutations on the X chromosome and is therefore an X-linked disorder.

Question 20

A child displays some,although not all,of the problems of fetal alcohol syndrome due to the mother's consumption of alcohol during pregnancy.The child was born with

Accepted Answer

Fetal alcohol effects (FAE) refer to a range of physical, neurological, cognitive, and behavioral deficits that may occur in a child whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy. FAE falls on a continuum with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), with FAS being more severe and having a specific set of diagnostic criteria. The child in the scenario is described as having some (but not all) of the problems associated with FAS, making FAE the most appropriate choice.

Quiz 2: The Start of Life: Prenatal Development