Question 1

A research participant in a study of drug effects has experienced a brief,intense,dreamlike euphoria with a sense of increased visual and auditory sensitivity.The brief sense of pleasure is very powerful.Which drug has this subject likely received?

Accepted Answer

Heroin is known to produce intense euphoria and heightened sensory experiences, which aligns with the description of the participant's experience.

Question 2

Which of the following are signs of alcohol intoxication according to DSM-5?

Accepted Answer

Slurred speech, lack of coordination, and nystagmus (involuntary eye movement) are all signs of alcohol intoxication according to DSM-5. Anhedonia, hallucinations, delusions, rapid heartbeat, convulsions, feelings of pleasure, nausea, and constriction of the pupils are not specifically listed as signs of alcohol intoxication in DSM-5.

Question 3

Based on reports from people who use drugs,which psychoactive substance is least associated with tolerance and withdrawal effects?

Accepted Answer

According to reports from people who use drugs, hallucinogens are least associated with tolerance and withdrawal effects. This may be due to the fact that hallucinogens mainly affect the serotonin system in the brain, rather than the dopamine system, which is linked to addiction and tolerance.

Question 4

Your textbook suggests that withdrawal from nicotine is on a par with withdrawal from

Accepted Answer

Nicotine is a highly addictive drug that alters levels of neurotransmitters in the brain, resulting in physical dependence. The withdrawal symptoms associated with the cessation of nicotine use are comparable in intensity and severity to those associated with the withdrawal from heroin. Symptoms include anxiety, irritability, restlessness, and a strong craving for nicotine, among others. While withdrawal from other substances such as LSD, marijuana, and sugar can also produce symptoms, they are not typically as intense as those associated with nicotine or heroin.

Question 5

Which category of drugs is made up of those used to treat anxiety disorders and sleeping problems?

Accepted Answer

Benzodiazepines are a class of drugs used for treating anxiety disorders and sleeping problems. They work by increasing the effectiveness of a neurotransmitter known as GABA in the brain, which reduces anxiety and promotes relaxation. Common benzodiazepines include Xanax, Valium, and Ativan.

Question 6

The police find a man in a seedy part of town; he looks in "bad shape," so they call for an ambulance.On the way to the hospital,the paramedic calls the hospital base with the following description: approximately 50-year-old white male,heavy sweating,hand tremors,seems delirious,and appears to be experiencing hallucinations.When the patient arrives at the hospital,the emergency room physician suspects that the patient is experiencing

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described, including sweating, hand tremors, delirium, and hallucinations, suggest that the patient may be experiencing alcohol withdrawal delirium. This is a potentially life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention. Treatment may involve supportive care, benzodiazepines, and other medications to manage symptoms and prevent complications. Cocaine withdrawal and barbiturate overdose may also present with similar symptoms, but they are less likely based on the patient's presentation and history. A schizophrenic episode may involve hallucinations, but typically does not involve sweating or hand tremors.

Question 7

What is the physiological basis of the short-term effects of nicotine?

Accepted Answer

Nicotine increases the release of norepinephrine and dopamine, which leads to increases in heart rate, blood pressure, and a feeling of pleasure and relaxation. These effects are short-term and can lead to addiction to nicotine.

Question 8

The police found a man along the highway.They immediately transported him to the emergency room where it was determined that his alcohol concentration was 600 mg percent.The police report probably described him as

Accepted Answer

A blood alcohol concentration of 600 mg percent is extremely high and typically lethal, suggesting the man was likely dead.

Question 9

What is a blackout?

Accepted Answer

A blackout is an inability to remember what has happened, typically due to the effects of alcohol or drugs on the brain's ability to form new memories. It is not the same as losing consciousness or passing out, experiencing dementia, or feeling nauseous and vomiting.

Question 10

Charles is administered a blood alcohol level test,and the results show 400 mg percent.Which of the following characterizes his state?

Accepted Answer

A blood alcohol level of 400 mg percent is extremely high and is close to the lethal range of 500-600 mg percent. Charles is very intoxicated and at risk of slipping into a coma. Walking or driving is not an option as his motor skills, judgment, and reaction time would be severely impaired.

Question 11

Why are cocaine and amphetamines called stimulant drugs?

Accepted Answer

Cocaine and amphetamines activate the sympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for the body's fight or flight response. This leads to increased heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate, among other effects, hence why they are called stimulant drugs.

Question 12

Prolonged use of amphetamines has been linked to an increase in violent behavior,but it is not easy to interpret this link because

Accepted Answer

It is difficult to interpret the link between prolonged use of amphetamines and an increase in violent behavior because the violence could be due to a drug user's lifestyle, not the drug itself. Drug users may engage in behaviors such as criminal activity or risky sexual behavior, which could also contribute to violent behavior.

Question 13

In your role as a police officer,you sometimes come across individuals who seem to be hallucinating and have delusions of persecution.In addition to the possibility that these individuals may have a mental disorder or be under the influence of various hallucinogenic drugs,you must also consider the possibility of

Accepted Answer

Individuals who are experiencing hallucinations and delusions of persecution may be under the influence of various hallucinogenic drugs, and amphetamines are one of the drugs that can cause such symptoms. Amphetamines affect the central nervous system, altering brain function and leading to altered perceptions and thoughts. It is important to consider drug use as a possible cause of such symptoms, in addition to mental illness or other medical conditions.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between death and the misuse of alcohol?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that young men are more likely to misuse alcohol and experience alcohol-related deaths due to injury, such as car accidents and violence. While alcohol may not be the direct cause of many deaths, it can contribute to chronic diseases such as liver disease and cancer. Overall, the number of alcohol-related deaths in the U.S. has been increasing in recent years rather than declining.

Question 15

Which of the following might a person suffering from alcohol withdrawal delirium experience?

Accepted Answer

Auditory hallucinations are a common symptom of alcohol withdrawal delirium, which is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition that can occur when someone suddenly stops drinking after heavy and prolonged use. Other symptoms may include confusion, agitation, seizures, and tremors. Treatment typically involves medical management to prevent complications and manage symptoms.

A) Amnesia may be a symptom of alcohol abuse or dependence, but it is not a specific symptom of alcohol withdrawal delirium. 
C) Pharmacodynamic tolerance refers to the body's adaptation to the effects of a drug over time, and it is not a symptom of alcohol withdrawal delirium. 
D) Metabolic tolerance refers to the increased efficiency of the body's metabolic processes in breaking down and eliminating a drug, and it is not a symptom of alcohol withdrawal delirium.

Question 16

The families of drugs that include barbiturates and benzodiazepines are also known informally as

Accepted Answer

Barbiturates and benzodiazepines are both considered sedatives, as they have a calming effect on the central nervous system. While they may be used to treat anxiety or insomnia, they can also be misused and have a high risk of dependence and overdose. The terms "opiates" and "narcotics" refer to a different class of drugs, such as opioids like morphine and heroin, which have different effects on the body. "Neuroleptics" are a class of antipsychotic drugs used to treat conditions like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and psychosis, and are not related to sedatives.

Question 17

Alex is listening to a lecture on the history of opiate drugs,and he learns something that he finds very surprising.What has he heard the lecturer say?

Accepted Answer

Heroin is indeed a synthetic opiate derived from morphine, which is a natural product extracted from the seed pod of certain varieties of poppy plants.

Question 18

What is the legal limit of alcohol concentration for driving in most states,as measured in the number of milligrams (mg)of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood (percent)?

Accepted Answer

The legal limit of alcohol concentration for driving in most states as measured in the number of milligrams (mg) of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood (percent) is 80 mg percent. This means that if a person's blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is above 80 mg percent, they are considered legally impaired and can face penalties such as fines, license suspension, and even jail time. It is important to note that some states may have different limits or additional penalties for high BAC levels.

Question 19

People who stop taking relatively high doses of benzodiazepines can experience an abrupt return of the original anxiety they were using the drugs to suppress.This is called

Accepted Answer

The answer of People who stop taking relatively high doses...

Question 20

The active substances in opium are

Accepted Answer

The active substances in opium are codeine and morphine. Although opium does contain numerous alkaloids, including thebaine, papaverine, and noscapine, the two primary psychoactive substances in opium are codeine and morphine. Cocaine, heroin, LSD, PCP, and marijuana are not found in opium.

Quiz 11: Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders