Question 1

DSM-5 uses the descriptive approach to classify abnormal behavior because experts do not know what causes mental disorders and because it

Accepted Answer

The descriptive approach in DSM-5 allows professionals to agree on the presence or absence of an emotional problem by standardizing the criteria for mental disorders, even when the underlying causes are not fully understood.

Question 2

In 1910,what German microbiologist developed an arsenic-containing chemical that destroyed bacteria that caused syphilis and prevented paresis?

Accepted Answer

Paul Ehrlich developed the arsenic-containing chemical, known as Salvarsan or Compound 606, as a treatment for syphilis in 1910. It was the first effective treatment for the disease and helped prevent the development of the neurological disorder known as paresis.

Question 3

The correct biological explanation for general paresis

Accepted Answer

The correct biological explanation for general paresis was only discovered after more than 100 years of study.

Question 4

Which term is used for a set of shared assumptions that includes both the substance of a theory and beliefs about how scientists should collect data and test a theory?

Accepted Answer

A paradigm is a set of shared assumptions that includes both the substance of a theory and beliefs about how scientists should collect data and test a theory. It is a broadly accepted framework for understanding a particular phenomenon or set of phenomena. Options A, C, and D are not appropriate to describe a set of shared assumptions in the scientific community.

Question 5

Both Jean Charcot and Sigmund Freud focused on a disorder called hysteria.Which of the following patients is most likely to have received this diagnosis from these two well-known clinicians?

Accepted Answer

Hysteria was a diagnosis given to women who exhibited physical symptoms without a medical explanation. Laura's "blindness" fits this description, as it has no organic explanation. Jean Charcot and Sigmund Freud studied hysteria and wrote extensively about its symptoms and treatment.

Question 6

General paresis was virtually eliminated because

Accepted Answer

General paresis is a late-stage manifestation of syphilis that affects the brain and nervous system. Antibiotics were developed to treat syphilis, which eliminated the spread of the disease and therefore also eliminated cases of general paresis.

Question 7

The search for explanations of the etiology of abnormal behavior dates to ancient times.It was not until the nineteenth and twentieth centuries that three major advances occurred: the work of Sigmund Freud,the discovery of general paresis,and the

Accepted Answer

The answer of The search for explanations of the etiology...

Question 8

The etiology of a problem behavior is its

Accepted Answer

The etiology of a problem behavior refers to its underlying cause, such as genetics, environment, or a combination of both. Therefore, choice A, "cause," is the best choice. The other choices are not accurate descriptors of etiology.

Question 9

A physician at a hospital in the late 1800s has read about the disease called general paresis.Which of the following patients is most likely to receive such a diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

General paresis, also known as neurosyphilis, is a neurological disorder caused by syphilis infection. It is characterized by delusions of grandeur, progressive paralysis, and eventually dementia. Therefore, Al, whose symptoms include delusions of grandeur and progressive paralysis, is most likely to receive a diagnosis of general paresis.

Question 10

The case of Meghan B.in your text illustrates

Accepted Answer

The case of Meghan B. illustrates many plausible alternative causes of her disorder, such as genetic factors, environmental factors, and psychosocial factors. The text highlights the complexity of identifying a single cause for a disorder.

Question 11

Most forms of abnormal behavior are thought to be caused by

Accepted Answer

Most forms of abnormal behavior are believed to arise from multiple factors, including genetic predisposition, environmental factors, past experiences, cognitive and emotional processes, and social and cultural factors. Researchers and clinicians often adopt a biopsychosocial approach to understand and treat abnormal behavior, which involves considering the interactions between biological, psychological and social factors that contribute to the development and maintenance of psychological disorders. While genetic factors may play a role in some disorders, they are rarely the sole cause of abnormal behavior. Likewise, while learning experiences can shape behavior, they do not fully explain the complex and diverse range of abnormal behaviors that can arise in humans.

Question 12

What is the assertion of the psychodynamic paradigm?

Accepted Answer

The assertion of the psychodynamic paradigm is that normal behavior is caused by unconscious mental conflicts that have roots in early childhood experience. This means that our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are shaped by what we experienced in our early years, and that the unconscious mind plays a big role in how we behave and feel.

Question 13

A distinguished researcher reviewed the current findings on the etiology of mental disorders.Which of the following is the best summary of the consensus of opinion?

Accepted Answer

The review did not reveal a consensus opinion regarding the etiology of mental disorders, but instead determined that we do not currently know all of the specific causes of most mental disorders.

Question 14

What approach do the authors use when considering the etiology of various mental disorders?

Accepted Answer

The authors use a biopsychosocial approach when considering the etiology of various mental disorders. This approach recognizes that mental disorders arise from interactions between biological, psychological, and social factors. It views each person as a complex system and considers multiple factors as contributing to mental health and illness. It is a holistic approach that combines different levels of analysis in understanding mental disorders.

Question 15

What type of bacteria was discovered to cause syphilis?

Accepted Answer

The bacteria that causes syphilis is a corkscrew-shaped spirochete called Treponema pallidum. Therefore, the correct choice is C. Chloroflexi, Dictyoglomi, and Thermotogae are all bacterial phyla, but they are not associated with syphilis.

Question 16

You are reading a biography of Sigmund Freud and find that he was trained as a

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud was trained as a neurologist and later developed his own theories and methods of psychoanalysis. He initially studied the physiological processes of the nervous system, but his interest in psychology developed as he worked with patients who suffered from mental illnesses.

Question 17

How did Jean Charcot treat patients with hysteria?

Accepted Answer

Jean Charcot primarily used hypnosis to treat patients with hysteria, which he believed was caused by unconscious psychological conflicts. He would induce a trance-like state in his patients and then use suggestion to alleviate their symptoms.

Question 18

The discovery of the etiology of which disorder was an important scientific advance for the biological paradigm?

Accepted Answer

The discovery of the etiology of general paresis (a disorder caused by late-stage syphilis affecting the brain) was an important scientific advance for the biological paradigm, as it demonstrated that mental disorders could have a physiological cause and that mental illness could be attributed to something other than moral weakness or personal failings.

Question 19

A researcher described her approach to understanding mental disorders as biopsychosocial.When you ask her to explain what she means,what is she likely to say?

Accepted Answer

The researcher is likely to explain that her approach to understanding mental disorders involves integrating biological, psychological, and social factors as they all contribute to the cause of most mental disorders. This approach is known as the biopsychosocial approach.

Question 20

Confirming a specific biological cause of general paresis was greatly aided by eventually discovering that

Accepted Answer

General paresis is a late-stage syphilis infection that affects the brain and nervous system. Confirming a specific biological cause of general paresis was greatly aided by discovering that all such patients had a history of syphilis. This finding provided evidence that syphilis was the underlying biological cause of the disease.

Quiz 2: Causes of Abnormal Behavior