Question 1

Surgical destruction of brain tissue is called a(n)
A) EEG.
B) diffusion spectrum.
C) lesion.
D) MRI.

Accepted Answer

Surgical destruction of brain tissue is called a lesion. EEG (A) is a noninvasive test that uses electrodes attached to the scalp to measure electrical activity in the brain. Diffusion spectrum (B) is a type of MRI technique that maps the diffusion of water in the brain. MRI (D) is a noninvasive imaging technique that uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the brain. None of these options involve surgical destruction of brain tissue.

Question 2

The limbic system structure that regulates hunger is called the
A) thalamus.
B) amygdala.
C) hippocampus.
D) hypothalamus.

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus is known to regulate hunger and satiety through the release of various hormones and neurotransmitters. It is considered a key structure in the limbic system involved in regulating basic survival functions such as hunger, thirst, and temperature control. The thalamus is involved in sensory processing, the amygdala in emotion regulation, and the hippocampus in learning and memory.

Question 3

To identify which specific brain areas are most active during a particular mental task,researchers would be most likely to make use of a(n)
A) fMRI.
B) microelectrode insertion.
C) MRI.
D) brain lesion.

Accepted Answer

fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) can measure changes in blood flow that indicate which areas of the brain are being used during a particular mental task. Microelectrode insertion and brain lesion techniques are more invasive methods that are used to study the brain, while MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is better for studying brain structure rather than function.

Question 4

A technique that allows neuroscientists to control the activity of individual neurons is called
A) lesioning.
B) optogenetics.
C) an EEG.
D) a MEG.

Accepted Answer

Optogenetics is a technique that uses light-sensitive proteins to control the activity of individual neurons by introducing a virus that carries the genetic code for the protein into specific neurons. Lesioning involves damaging or destroying a specific area of the brain to observe the effects on behavior or cognition. EEG (electroencephalography) and MEG (magnetoencephalography) are both methods of measuring brain activity, but they do not allow for direct manipulation of individual neurons.

Question 5

An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the surface of the brain is called a(n)
A) fMRI.
B) EEG.
C) PET scan.
D) MRI.

Accepted Answer

An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the surface of the brain is called an EEG (electroencephalogram). fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) measures changes in blood flow, PET scan (positron emission tomography) measures metabolic activity, and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) produces detailed images of the brain's structure.

Question 6

To identify which of Lucy's brain areas was most active when she talked,neuroscientists gave her a temporarily radioactive form of glucose and a(n)
A) fMRI.
B) PET scan.
C) EEG.
D) MRI scan.

Accepted Answer

The use of temporarily radioactive glucose suggests that neuroscientists were trying to track the brain's energy consumption. This is a method commonly used in positron emission tomography (PET) scans, which helps identify which areas of the brain are most active during a particular task.

Question 7

The release of gamma waves from radioactive blood sugar in different regions of the brain is detected by
A) an MRI scan.
B) an EEG.
C) a PET scan.
D) fMRI.

Accepted Answer

PET scans use radioactive tracers, such as radioactive blood sugar, to image brain activity. The tracers emit gamma rays, which are detected by the PET scanner to create a 3D image of brain activity. EEG and fMRI do not use radioactive tracers to measure brain activity, while MRI scans use a magnetic field and radio waves to create images of brain structure, rather than activity.

Question 8

Which brain structure relays information from the eyes to the visual cortex?
A) thalamus
B) amygdala
C) medulla
D) cerebellum

Accepted Answer

The thalamus relays sensory information to the appropriate areas of the cortex, including the visual cortex which processes visual information.

Question 9

Which technique measures fields from the brain's natural electrical activity?
A) lesion
B) optogenetics
C) EEG
D) MEG

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which technique measures fields from the brain's...

Question 10

The best way to detect enlarged fluid-filled brain regions in some patients who have schizophrenia is to use a(n)
A) EEG.
B) MRI.
C) PET scan.
D) brain lesion.

Accepted Answer

The best way to detect enlarged fluid-filled brain regions in some patients who have schizophrenia is to use MRI, as it provides high resolution imaging of the brain and can detect structural abnormalities. EEG measures electrical activity in the brain, PET scans detect brain function, and brain lesions are a result of damage or injury to the brain, making MRI the best choice for detecting fluid-filled brain regions.

Question 11

The limbic system's hippocampus
A) coordinates body movement and balance.
B) regulates hunger and thirst.
C) plays a central role in fear and rage.
D) helps process explicit memories for storage.

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is responsible for processing explicit memories and sending them to long-term storage. The other options are functions of other parts of the brain within the limbic system.

Question 12

After suffering an accidental brain injury,Kira has difficulty walking in a smooth and coordinated manner.She has probably suffered damage to her
A) amygdala
B) hypothalamus.
C) cerebellum.
D) corpus callosum.

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating voluntary muscle movements and maintaining posture and balance. Damage to the cerebellum can result in difficulties in walking smoothly and in a coordinated manner. The amygdala is responsible for processing emotions, the hypothalamus is involved in regulating various body functions such as hunger and thirst, and the corpus callosum is a bundle of nerves that connects the two hemispheres of the brain. None of these areas are directly responsible for motor coordination.

Question 13

Dr.Rapport conducts research to better understand how different regions of the brain work together.He is also interested in the causes of psychological disorders.Which of the following techniques is he likely to implement in his research?
A) analyses of functional connectivity
B) optogenetics
C) MEG
D) PsychENCODE

Accepted Answer

Analyses of functional connectivity is the best choice as it is a technique used to study the coordination between different regions of the brain and how they work together. This technique would be relevant for Dr. Rapport's research on understanding how different regions of the brain work together. Option B, optogenetics, is not relevant to Dr.Rapport's research as it is a technique used to manipulate specific neurons in the brain. Option C, MEG, is a technique used to measure the magnetic fields produced by electrical activity in the brain, and it may not be specific enough to study functional connectivity between different regions of the brain. Option D, PsychENCODE, is a research consortium focused on understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying behavior and may not be directly relevant to Dr. Rapport's research interests.

Question 14

The sequence of brain regions from the oldest to newest is
A) limbic system,brainstem,cerebral cortex.
B) brainstem,cerebral cortex,limbic system.
C) limbic system,cerebral cortex,brainstem.
D) brainstem,limbic system,cerebral cortex.

Accepted Answer

The brainstem is considered the oldest part of the brain as it controls basic functions like heart rate and breathing. The limbic system is considered to be the middle part of the brain as it is responsible for emotions and memory. The cerebral cortex is the newest part of the brain as it is responsible for advanced cognitive functions like language and decision-making. Therefore, the correct sequence is brainstem, limbic system, and cerebral cortex, which is represented in Choice D.

Question 15

When the brain is unoccupied,an fMRI indicates that blood continues to flow via a web of brain regions called the
A) reticular formation.
B) nucleus accumbens.
C) default network.
D) diffusion spectrum.

Accepted Answer

The default network is a network of brain regions that become active when the individual is not focused on the external environment. The default network includes the medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, and inferior parietal lobule. When a person is not engaged in a task, this network is thought to be involved in self-reflection, mental simulation, and evaluating past experiences. An fMRI scan can detect activity in this network when a person is not actively doing a task.

Question 16

The ________ project enables researchers to examine differences between the brains of healthy people and those with various disorders.
A) optogenetics
B) diffusion spectrum imaging
C) PsychENCODE
D) MRI

Accepted Answer

The PsychENCODE project is focused on examining the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying various psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism. It involves analyzing brain tissue samples from both healthy individuals and those with these disorders, and aims to define the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the development of these conditions. MRI and diffusion spectrum imaging are imaging techniques used to examine the structure and function of the brain, but do not specifically focus on genetic or epigenetic differences between healthy individuals and those with psychiatric disorders. Optogenetics is a neural engineering technique that involves genetically modifying neurons to respond to light, and is primarily used in animal research to gain insights into neural circuits and behavior.

Question 17

The brain's oldest region is the
A) hippocampus.
B) amygdala.
C) brainstem.
D) hypothalamus.

Accepted Answer

The brainstem is the oldest and most primitive part of the brain, responsible for regulating essential functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. The hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus are all located in newer regions of the brain, involved in higher cognitive functions such as memory, emotions, and hormone regulation, respectively.

Question 18

The $40 million Human Connectome Project harnesses ________ technology to map neural connections across long distances within the brain.
A) positron emission tomography
B) electroencephalogram
C) diffusion spectrum imaging
D) microelectrode insertion

Accepted Answer

Diffusion spectrum imaging technology is used to map neural connections across long distances within the brain in the Human Connectome Project. Positron emission tomography is a brain imaging technique that measures metabolic activity, electroencephalogram records electrical activity, and microelectrode insertion technology allows researchers to record individual neuron activity in the brain.

Question 19

Magnetic resonance imaging uses magnetic fields and ________ to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue.
A) radio waves
B) brain lesions
C) a radioactive form of glucose
D) electrodes placed on the scalp

Accepted Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the body's internal organs and tissues. It does not involve the use of radioactive material or electrodes placed on the scalp. Brain lesions could potentially be detected through MRI, but they are not used in the actual imaging process. A radioactive form of glucose is used in positron emission tomography (PET) scans, not MRI.

Question 20

To detect Mr.Ziegler's loss of brain tissue from a degenerative disease,his physicians are most likely to request that he receive a(n)
A) EEG.
B) MRI scan.
C) brain lesion.
D) PET scan.

Accepted Answer

MRI scans are the best choice for detecting loss of brain tissue from degenerative diseases as they provide detailed images of the brain's structure and can detect subtle changes in brain tissue. EEGs are useful for detecting abnormal electrical activity in the brain, brain lesions are not typically requested as they involve deliberate damage to the brain tissue, and PET scans are more useful for detecting changes in brain activity rather than changes in brain structure.

Quiz 5: The Brain

Surgical destruction of brain tissue is called a(n)

The limbic system structure that regulates hunger is called the

To identify which specific brain areas are most active during a particular mental task,researchers would be most likely to make use of a(n)

A technique that allows neuroscientists to control the activity of individual neurons is called

An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the surface of the brain is called a(n)

To identify which of Lucy's brain areas was most active when she talked,neuroscientists gave her a temporarily radioactive form of glucose and a(n)

The release of gamma waves from radioactive blood sugar in different regions of the brain is detected by

Which brain structure relays information from the eyes to the visual cortex?

Which technique measures fields from the brain's natural electrical activity?

The best way to detect enlarged fluid-filled brain regions in some patients who have schizophrenia is to use a(n)

The limbic system's hippocampus

After suffering an accidental brain injury,Kira has difficulty walking in a smooth and coordinated manner.She has probably suffered damage to her

Dr.Rapport conducts research to better understand how different regions of the brain work together.He is also interested in the causes of psychological disorders.Which of the following techniques is he likely to implement in his research?

The sequence of brain regions from the oldest to newest is

When the brain is unoccupied,an fMRI indicates that blood continues to flow via a web of brain regions called the

The ________ project enables researchers to examine differences between the brains of healthy people and those with various disorders.

The brain's oldest region is the

The $40 million Human Connectome Project harnesses ________ technology to map neural connections across long distances within the brain.

Magnetic resonance imaging uses magnetic fields and ________ to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue.

To detect Mr.Ziegler's loss of brain tissue from a degenerative disease,his physicians are most likely to request that he receive a(n)