Question 1

All of the following are true EXCEPT
A)If a child has ADHD, there is about a 32% chance his or her sibling will have it.
B)Children of parents with ADHD have about a 57% chance of having ADHD themselves.
C)If an identical twin and a fraternal twin have ADHD, the second fraternal twin is much more likely to have ADHD than the second identical twin.
D)Exposure to lead and the abuse of alcohol by pregnant women increases the likelihood of ADHD.

Accepted Answer

This statement is not entirely accurate. If one identical twin has ADHD, the other twin has a very high likelihood of also having ADHD (up to 90%). In contrast, if one fraternal twin has ADHD, the likelihood that the other twin will have ADHD is around 30-40%, which is still higher than the general population, but not as high as with identical twins.

Question 2

Which statement about the brains of people with ADHD is true?
A)Neuroimaging techniques have shown there is a neurological basis for ADHD.
B)Neuroimaging technology has shown there is no neurological basis for ADHD.
C)Most people with ADHD show neurological signs of tissue damage to the brain.
D)There is a diagnostic blood test now available for ADHD.

Accepted Answer

Multiple neuroimaging studies have shown that there is a neurological basis for ADHD. These studies have found differences in the structure, function, and activity of certain areas of the brain in people with ADHD compared to those without. However, there is no diagnostic blood test currently available for ADHD, and most people with ADHD do not show signs of tissue damage to the brain.

Question 3

What do many authorities currently suggest should replace inattention as the primary deficit in ADHD?
A)hyperactivity
B)behavioral inhibition
C)aggressiveness
D)subtle brain damage

Accepted Answer

Many authorities currently suggest that behavioral inhibition should replace inattention as the primary deficit in ADHD. This is because individuals with ADHD often struggle with inhibiting impulsive behaviors, which can cause difficulties in various areas of their life, including social interactions and academic performance. Hyperactivity and aggressiveness are also common symptoms of ADHD, but do not necessarily replace inattention as the primary deficit. Subtle brain damage is not a widely accepted cause of ADHD.

Question 4

Cruickshank's work was important for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
A)The children he studied had cerebral palsy, definitely caused by brain damage.
B)Most of the children had average intelligence.
C)He was among the first to have an educational program for children with characteristics of what is now called ADHD.
D)He showed that hyperactivity could exist concomitantly with mental retardation.

Accepted Answer

Cruickshank's work did not focus on showing that hyperactivity could exist concomitantly with mental retardation; rather, he focused on children with cerebral palsy and average intelligence, and he developed educational programs for children with characteristics of ADHD.

Question 5

Which of the following is a way that Still's cases were similar to today's population of persons with ADHD?
A)Many had average intelligence.
B)The condition was more prevalent in females than males.
C)There was no evidence of a hereditary basis.
D)Most of the children had no other psychological or physical problems.

Accepted Answer

Still's cases were similar to today's population of persons with ADHD in that many had average intelligence.

Question 6

Each of the following is true EXCEPT
A)the growth of the Other Health Impaired category suggests that students with ADHD are identified as OHI.
B)ADHD occurs much more frequently in boys than in girls.
C)Gender differences in diagnosis of ADHD are likely due to biological differences.
D)Statistics show that ADHD is largely a U.S. phenomenon.

Accepted Answer

Statistics show that ADHD is not solely a U.S. phenomenon and occurs in many countries around the world.

Question 7

Students with ADHD receive special education services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)in which category?
A)ADHD
B)learning disabilities
C)emotional or behavioral disorders
D)other health impaired

Accepted Answer

Students with ADHD are typically classified as having "Other Health Impairments" (OHI) under IDEA. Other examples of conditions that may fall under this category include asthma, epilepsy, diabetes, and heart conditions. This category includes students who have limited strength, vitality, or alertness due to chronic or acute health issues.

Question 8

The basal ganglia and cerebellum are responsible for
A)regulating one's own behavior.
B)executive functioning.
C)coordination and control of motor behavior.
D)communication between the hemispheres of the brain.

Accepted Answer

The basal ganglia and cerebellum are both involved in the coordination and control of motor behavior. The basal ganglia mainly help regulate movement initiation, while the cerebellum helps with coordination and precision of movements.

Question 9

Each of the following is a subdivision of ADHD according to the American Psychiatric Association's diagnostic manual EXCEPT
A)predominantly hyperactive-inattentive type.
B)predominantly inattentive type.
C)predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type.
D)combined type.

Accepted Answer

The predominantly hyperactive-inattentive type is not a recognized subtype of ADHD. The correct subtypes are predominantly inattentive type, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type, and combined type.

Question 10

Part of the brain responsible for executive functions such as the ability to regulate one's own behavior is the
A)basal ganglia.
B)cerebellum.
C)corpus collosum.
D)frontal lobes.

Accepted Answer

The frontal lobes are responsible for executive functions such as regulating behavior, decision making, problem solving, and planning. The other choices, such as the basal ganglia and cerebellum, play important roles in motor control and coordination, while the corpus collosum facilitates communication between the two hemispheres of the brain.

Question 11

According to most authorities, what is the estimate for the percentage of school-age children with ADHD?
A)1-3%
B)5-8%
C)8-10%
D)3-7%

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is D: 3-7%. According to most authorities, the estimate for the percentage of school-age children with ADHD is 3-7%.

Question 12

Which of the following is a reason why ADHD was not included when the federal government began tracking the prevalence of disabilities?
A)There was a large body of research suggesting it is not a distinct disability.
B)The advocacy base for children with ADHD was not yet well-developed.
C)There was already a category for minimal brain injury.
D)The federal government put a cap on the number of disability types to be served by public schools.

Accepted Answer

The advocacy base for children with ADHD was not as developed or influential when the federal government began tracking the prevalence of disabilities, which likely contributed to ADHD not being initially included among tracked disabilities.

Question 13

One neurotransmitter involved in sending messages between neurons and the brain that is found in abnormal levels in people with ADHD is
A)histamine.
B)dopamine.
C)dexadrine.
D)caladrine.

Accepted Answer

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in regulating attention, motivation, and reward in the brain. Abnormal levels of dopamine have been linked to the symptoms of ADHD, including difficulty with concentration and impulsivity.

Question 14

Which aspect of persons described as "hyperactive and distractible" did Werner and Strauss's research examine?
A)disorganized behavior
B)figure-ground confusion
C)hyperactivity
D)perseveration

Accepted Answer

Werner and Strauss's research focused on figure-ground confusion, which relates to difficulties in distinguishing a figure from its background, often observed in individuals described as hyperactive and distractible.

Question 15

The tendency to repeat the same behaviors over and over again is called
A)perseverance.
B)redundancy.
C)perseveration.
D)repetition.

Accepted Answer

Perseveration refers to the tendency to repeat the same behaviors or thoughts, even if they may not be productive or relevant to the current situation. While repetition and redundancy may also involve doing things repeatedly, they do not necessarily imply a lack of flexibility or difficulty in stopping the behavior. Perseverance refers more to persistence and determination in completing a task or goal.

Question 16

All of the following provide a historical basis for the existence of ADHD EXCEPT
A)Still's children with "defective moral control."
B)Goldstein's brain-injured soldiers of World War I.
C)Cruickshank's syndrome.
D)Hyperactive child syndrome.

Accepted Answer

There is no historical basis for Cruickshank's syndrome in the context of ADHD. It is a rare genetic disorder that affects bone development. Still's children with "defective moral control," Goldstein's brain-injured soldiers of World War I, and hyperactive child syndrome all serve as historical precursors to the concept of ADHD.

Question 17

All of the following are used to identify ADHD EXCEPT
A)a medical exam.
B)a clinician interviewing parents.
C)standardized assessment tests.
D)teacher-and parent-rating scales.

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following are used to...

Question 18

A physician credited with being the first to address the issue of attention deficits in the professional literature is
A)George Still.
B)Alexander Chrichton.
C)William Cruickshank.
D)Kurt Goldstein.

Accepted Answer

Alexander Chrichton is credited with being one of the first to describe attention deficits in the professional literature in the late 18th century.

Question 19

Rating scales are generally filled out by each of the following EXCEPT
A)parents
B)medical doctors
C)teachers
D)the child

Accepted Answer

Medical doctors may not always be involved in the evaluation of a child's behavior or development, so they may not be asked to complete rating scales. Parents, teachers, and sometimes the child themselves are the most common sources of information for rating scales in these contexts.

Question 20

With regards to changing criteria for identifying ADHD, professionals have commented that
A)few individuals are purely inattentive.
B)some children's symptoms are not severe enough to be considered ADHD until after they are 7.
C)the number of symptoms tends to increase with age.
D)as a person's symptoms decrease over time, their functioning is no longer significantly impaired.

Accepted Answer

According to professionals, some children's symptoms are not severe enough to be considered ADHD until after they are 7. This suggests that there may be changes to the criteria for identifying ADHD in younger children. The other options are not supported by this statement.

Quiz 7: Learners With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

All of the following are true EXCEPT

Which statement about the brains of people with ADHD is true?

What do many authorities currently suggest should replace inattention as the primary deficit in ADHD?

Cruickshank's work was important for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

Which of the following is a way that Still's cases were similar to today's population of persons with ADHD?

Each of the following is true EXCEPT

Students with ADHD receive special education services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) in which category?

The basal ganglia and cerebellum are responsible for

Each of the following is a subdivision of ADHD according to the American Psychiatric Association's diagnostic manual EXCEPT

Part of the brain responsible for executive functions such as the ability to regulate one's own behavior is the

According to most authorities, what is the estimate for the percentage of school-age children with ADHD?

Which of the following is a reason why ADHD was not included when the federal government began tracking the prevalence of disabilities?

One neurotransmitter involved in sending messages between neurons and the brain that is found in abnormal levels in people with ADHD is

Which aspect of persons described as "hyperactive and distractible" did Werner and Strauss's research examine?

The tendency to repeat the same behaviors over and over again is called

All of the following provide a historical basis for the existence of ADHD EXCEPT

All of the following are used to identify ADHD EXCEPT

A physician credited with being the first to address the issue of attention deficits in the professional literature is

Rating scales are generally filled out by each of the following EXCEPT

With regards to changing criteria for identifying ADHD, professionals have commented that