Question 1

The ability to keep information in mind while simultaneously doing another task is
A)working memory.
B)short-term memory.
C)long-term memory.
D)active memory.

Accepted Answer

Working memory refers to the ability to hold and manipulate information in the mind for brief periods of time while performing other tasks. Short-term memory typically refers to the temporary storage of information for immediate use, while long-term memory refers to the more permanent storage of information over extended periods of time. Active memory is not a commonly used term in psychology or neuroscience.

Question 2

A person's awareness of what strategies are needed to perform a task, the ability to plan how to use the strategies, and the evaluation of how well the strategies are working is
A)metacognition.
B)self-regulation.
C)working memory.
D)perception.

Accepted Answer

Metacognition refers to a person's awareness and understanding of their own thinking processes, including their ability to plan and monitor those processes in order to achieve a task or goal. It involves knowledge and regulation of cognitive processes such as attention, memory, and problem-solving. Self-regulation (B) and working memory (C) relate to different aspects of cognitive control, but they do not specifically capture the concept of metacognition. Perception (D) refers to the initial processing of sensory information, which is not directly related to metacognition.

Question 3

How is adaptive behavior typically assessed?
A)A psychologist observes the student in the classroom.
B)The student is asked to perform a series of tasks.
C)A parent, teacher, or professional answers questions related to the student's behavior.
D)The teacher fills out a behavior rating form.

Accepted Answer

Adaptive behavior assessment typically involves gathering information from multiple sources, such as parents, teachers, and professionals who work with the individual. This information is obtained through interviews, questionnaires, and direct observations of behavior. Choice A only involves observation by one person and may not provide a complete picture of adaptive behavior. Choice B only assesses the individual's ability to perform tasks, which may not fully capture their adaptive abilities. Choice D involves obtaining information from one source (the teacher) rather than multiple sources.

Question 4

An infection of the covering of the brain that may be caused by a variety of bacterial and viral agents is
A)syphilis.
B)encephalitis.
C)meningitis.
D)spina bifida.

Accepted Answer

Meningitis is an infection of the covering of the brain, known as the meninges. It can be caused by a variety of bacterial and viral agents. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection that does not necessarily involve the brain. Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain itself, rather than the covering of the brain. Spina bifida is a congenital condition in which the spine does not develop properly.

Question 5

Joe, a 15-year-old boy, performs about as well on an intelligence test as an average six-year-old. His IQ is about
A)25.
B)40.
C)60.
D)90.

Accepted Answer

Joe's IQ is calculated using the formula: IQ = (Mental Age / Chronological Age) * 100. In this case, his Mental Age is 6 and his Chronological Age is 15. Therefore, his IQ = (6 / 15) * 100 = 40.

Question 6

The purpose of early intervention programs for children at risk for mild intellectual disabilities is
A)improving parents' teaching skills.
B)preventing intellectual disabilities or furthering development of children who have intellectual disabilities.
C)improving family financial status through job training for parents.
D)improving the quality of the children's medical care.

Accepted Answer

The purpose of early intervention programs for children at risk for mild intellectual disabilities is to prevent intellectual disabilities or furthering development of children who have intellectual disabilities. These programs aim to provide early support and intervention to improve the child's cognitive, social, and emotional development, which can help prevent or mitigate the impact of intellectual disabilities. Improving parents' teaching skills, family financial status, or quality of medical care may be important aspects of comprehensive support for these families, but they are not the primary purpose of early intervention programs for mild intellectual disabilities.

Question 7

Karen is trying to transfer control away from prompts to a more naturally occurring stimulus. She tells her daughter "Pick up your toys. Put them in that box [points to box]." Over the next few days, she will tell her daughter to pick up her toys, but will wait 10 seconds before telling her to put them in the box. This is an example of
A)progressive time delay.
B)timed response delay.
C)constant time delay.
D)intermittent time delay.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Karen is trying to transfer control away...

Question 8

Joe tends to believe whatever he is told, even highly questionable statements or claims, despite any evidence. This tendency is
A)self-deception.
B)gullibility.
C)unreasonable trust.
D)learned helplessness.

Accepted Answer

Joe's tendency to believe whatever he is told despite any evidence indicates a lack of critical thinking skills and a susceptibility to being easily deceived, indicating gullibility. Self-deception would be more about convincing oneself of something despite evidence to the contrary, while unreasonable trust would imply trust without a reason to trust, and learned helplessness would refer to a repeated pattern of feeling helpless and not taking action.

Question 9

Results from the Perry Preschool Project and the Abecedarian Project indicate that
A)special classes are the most effective placement.
B)most early intervention programs are ineffective.
C)high school performance is not affected by early intervention.
D)early intervention can reduce the rate of intellectual disabilities.

Accepted Answer

Results from both the Perry Preschool Project and the Abecedarian Project show that early intervention can reduce the rate of intellectual disabilities. Therefore, option D is the best choice. Options A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not align with the findings of these projects.

Question 10

People with intellectual disabilities are likely to believe they have little control over what happens to them and that they are primarily controlled by other people and events. This belief is
A)a lack of self-regulation.
B)due to their histories of failure.
C)due to locus of control.
D)a problem with gullibility.

Accepted Answer

The answer of People with intellectual disabilities are likely to...

Question 11

Research on classwide peer tutoring (CWPT)to help meet the instructional needs of students with mild mental retardation in inclusive settings shows that, compared to teacher-led instruction, CWPT resulted in each of the following EXCEPT
A)increased academic performance for all students.
B)increased amount of engaged academic time.
C)increased academic performance for the students with mild ID only.
D)positive acceptance from the teachers and students.

Accepted Answer

The research on CWPT for students with mild mental retardation in inclusive settings showed that CWPT resulted in increased academic performance for all students, increased amount of engaged academic time, and positive acceptance from teachers and students. However, CWPT did not only result in increased academic performance for students with mild intellectual disability, but for all students.

Question 12

Each of the following is true regarding assessment of quality of life EXCEPT
A)It presents challenges because it depends on individual perceptions.
B)It should consider society's view of quality of life and an individual's level of satisfaction.
C)There are no assessments to use with Spanish-speaking populations.
D)The Life Experiences Checklist is considered to be more objective that the Quality of Life Questionnaire.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. There are assessments available to use with Spanish-speaking populations, such as the Spanish version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) instrument.

Question 13

Each of the following are possible perinatal causes of intellectual disabilities EXCEPT
A)rubella.
B)syphilis.
C)anoxia.
D)low birth weight.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Each of the following are possible perinatal...

Question 14

In functional academics, academics are taught in the context of
A)daily living skills.
B)vocational settings.
C)community living.
D)simplified curricula.

Accepted Answer

In functional academics, academics are taught in the context of daily living skills. This means that academic concepts and skills are taught in a way that is relevant to students' everyday lives and helps them to develop independence and functional abilities. Vocational settings, community living, and simplified curricula may also be important aspects of a functional academic program, but they are not the primary focus.

Question 15

Using instructional prompts, consequences for performance, and strategies for transfer of stimulus control is called
A)community-based instruction.
B)functional instruction.
C)functional academics.
D)systematic instruction.

Accepted Answer

Using instructional prompts, consequences for performance, and strategies for transfer of stimulus control is a key component of systematic instruction, which is an evidence-based teaching approach that emphasizes breaking skills into smaller, manageable steps and providing clear prompts and feedback to support student learning. Community-based instruction, functional instruction, and functional academics may also incorporate some of these strategies, but they are more specific terms that refer to the application of skills in real-world contexts or the development of skills that are directly relevant to a student's everyday life.

Question 16

Which one of the following statements about intelligence tests is TRUE?
A)An individual's IQ score does not change from one testing to another.
B)All IQ tests are culturally biased to a certain extent.
C)The older the child, the less validity and reliability the test has.
D)IQ tests are ideal for assessing a person's ability to function in society.

Accepted Answer

There is significant evidence to suggest that all IQ tests are culturally biased to a certain degree. Research has shown that test-takers from certain cultural backgrounds may perform better or worse than others due to the way that the test questions are worded or designed. However, efforts are continually made to reduce cultural bias in these tests. The other statements are incorrect. IQ scores can change over time, the validity and reliability of IQ tests usually increase with age, and IQ tests are not always ideal for assessing a person's ability to function in society.

Question 17

Which statement is TRUE?
A)Instruction of daily living skills is more effective in a controlled classroom setting.
B)It is easier to hold instruction in classrooms than in real-life settings.
C)Instruction in daily living skills should not include instruction in classroom settings.
D)There is no benefit to using real products and money when teaching daily living skills.

Accepted Answer

While it might be more challenging to teach daily living skills in real-life settings due to logistics and safety concerns, classrooms offer a controlled environment where instruction can be more easily managed and tailored to the learners' needs. This does not negate the value of real-life practice but highlights the practical aspects of classroom instruction.

Question 18

Research has consistently shown that students who are positively reinforced for correct responses
A)learn at the same rate.
B)exhibit more behavior problems.
C)learn at a faster rate.
D)exhibit fewer behavior problems.

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that positive reinforcement for correct responses leads to an increase in learning rate. Students who receive positive reinforcement are more likely to repeat the behavior that led to the reinforcement, leading to a more rapid learning rate. Additionally, positive reinforcement has been found to decrease behavior problems, making option D also a potential correct choice. However, option C is a more accurate answer as it is supported by a larger body of research.

Question 19

Pointing to an item while telling a student to pick it up is an example of
A)verbal prompt.
B)gestural prompt.
C)modeling.
D)physical prompt.

Accepted Answer

Pointing to an item is an example of a gestural prompt, which is a nonverbal cue used to prompt or guide a student's behavior. Verbal prompts involve using words to direct behavior, modeling involves demonstrating the desired behavior, and physical prompts involve physically assisting a student to perform a task.

Question 20

A specific and characteristic behavior repertoire associated with a genetic or chromosomal disorder is a
A)genetic syndrome.
B)personality characteristic.
C)behavioral phenotype.
D)behavioral genotype.

Accepted Answer

A specific and characteristic behavior repertoire associated with a genetic or chromosomal disorder is known as a behavioral phenotype. This is a term used to describe the observable and measurable behaviors that are consistently associated with a particular genetic or chromosomal disorder. This can include physical, cognitive, and behavioral characteristics, and is often used to aid in the diagnosis and management of genetic disorders.

Quiz 5: Learners With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

The ability to keep information in mind while simultaneously doing another task is

A person's awareness of what strategies are needed to perform a task, the ability to plan how to use the strategies, and the evaluation of how well the strategies are working is

How is adaptive behavior typically assessed?

An infection of the covering of the brain that may be caused by a variety of bacterial and viral agents is

Joe, a 15-year-old boy, performs about as well on an intelligence test as an average six-year-old. His IQ is about

The purpose of early intervention programs for children at risk for mild intellectual disabilities is

Joe tends to believe whatever he is told, even highly questionable statements or claims, despite any evidence. This tendency is

Results from the Perry Preschool Project and the Abecedarian Project indicate that

People with intellectual disabilities are likely to believe they have little control over what happens to them and that they are primarily controlled by other people and events. This belief is

Research on classwide peer tutoring (CWPT) to help meet the instructional needs of students with mild mental retardation in inclusive settings shows that, compared to teacher-led instruction, CWPT resulted in each of the following EXCEPT

Each of the following is true regarding assessment of quality of life EXCEPT

Each of the following are possible perinatal causes of intellectual disabilities EXCEPT

In functional academics, academics are taught in the context of

Using instructional prompts, consequences for performance, and strategies for transfer of stimulus control is called

Which one of the following statements about intelligence tests is TRUE?

Which statement is TRUE?

Research has consistently shown that students who are positively reinforced for correct responses

Pointing to an item while telling a student to pick it up is an example of

A specific and characteristic behavior repertoire associated with a genetic or chromosomal disorder is a