Question 1

A cardiologist is studying the effects of soothing music on a person's heart rate.He records his patient's at-rest heart rate in whole beats per minute before and after they listen to soothing music.The variable "heart rate" in this study is BEST described as:
A) qualitative.
B) continuous.
C) discrete.
D) categorical.

Accepted Answer

Heart rate is measured in whole beats per minute, which makes it a discrete variable as it can only take on specific integer values.

Question 2

Relative frequency is BEST suited to describe which data type?
A) continuous
B) quantitative
C) multivariate
D) qualitative

Accepted Answer

Relative frequency is a measure of the proportion of responses that belong to each category of a categorical variable. Therefore, it is best suited to describe qualitative data, which consists of categorical variables.

Question 3

A numerical data set is _____ if the set of all possible values is finite,or countably infinite.
A) quantitative
B) discrete
C) qualitative
D) categorical

Accepted Answer

A discrete numerical data set has a finite or countably infinite set of possible values. Quantitative data refers to any type of numerical data, while qualitative data describes non-numerical data. Categorical data refers to data that can be categorised, but not counted or measured numerically.

Question 4

In order to assure prompt service,the city metro routinely records wait times at its various bus stops.The length of time a customer must wait for a bus is recorded in seconds.What type of data are these?
A) qualitative
B) discrete
C) continuous
D) multivariate

Accepted Answer

The length of time a customer must wait for a bus is a continuous numerical variable. It can take on any value within a range (from 0 to some large number of seconds) and can be measured with great precision.

Question 5

Concerning univariate data,a _____ or _____ data set consists of observations that are numbers.
A) categorical;qualitative
B) categorical;quantitative
C) numerical;quantitative
D) numerical;qualitative

Accepted Answer

In univariate data analysis, we deal with only one variable or attribute. If the observations are numbers, it is called numerical data, and if they are measurable, it is called quantitative data. Therefore, the correct choice is C - numerical; quantitative. The other options are incorrect because categorical data has non-numerical attributes, and qualitative data is subjective and cannot be measured with numbers.

Question 6

A numeric data set is _____ if the set of all possible values is an interval of numbers.
A) continuous
B) discrete
C) qualitative
D) categorical

Accepted Answer

A numeric data set is continuous if the set of all possible values is an interval of numbers. Discrete data sets have individual, separate values (like the number of children in a family), while continuous data sets have an infinite number of possible values within a range (like height or weight). Qualitative and categorical data involve non-numeric information, such as colors or types of animals.

Question 7

If there are more than two observations on the same person,the data set is:
A) bivariate.
B) multivariate.
C) random.
D) univariate.

Accepted Answer

If there are multiple observations on the same person, then the dataset involves multiple variables (such as time or treatment condition) and is therefore considered multivariate.

Question 8

A data set consisting of two observations on each individual subject is a _____ data set.
A) bivariate
B) multivariate
C) random
D) univariate

Accepted Answer

A data set with two observations on each individual subject is bivariate data as it involves two variables being measured for each individual. This is in contrast to univariate data, which involves measuring a single variable for each individual. Multivariate data typically involves measuring more than two variables for each individual, and random data by itself is not a specific type of data set but refers to the sampling method used to obtain the data.

Question 9

Bic corporation performs routine quality control testing on its lighters.Each lighter tested is struck and the trial is recorded as either a success (the lighter ignites)or a failure (the lighter does not ignite).This is an example of what kind of data?
A) continuous
B) discrete
C) qualitative
D) quantitative

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bic corporation performs routine quality control testing...

Question 10

In a study of the effectiveness of a drug that is designed to reduce blood pressure,each individual participant has their blood pressure recorded in millimeters of mercury before and after taking the drug.Of what type is the data in this study?
A) categorical/qualitative
B) categorical/quantitative
C) numerical/quantitative
D) numerical/qualitative

Accepted Answer

The data in this study is numerical because it involves quantitative measurements of blood pressure. Additionally, the data is quantitative because it involves numerical values that can be measured and compared.

Question 11

The sum of all the relative frequencies of classes up to and including a particular class is defined as the:
A) relative frequency (RF).
B) boundary frequency (BF).
C) cumulative relative frequency (CRF).
D) frequency modulation (FM).

Accepted Answer

The definition given in the question describes the cumulative relative frequency (CRF). The other choices are not defined in the same manner.

Question 12

Two statistics students are arguing over which type of bar graph to use.One insists that a bar graph that displays the relative frequency will be better for displaying the overall shape of the data.The other holds that only a frequency bar graph will suffice.You happen along and hear their conversation.What advice do you give them?
A) The relative frequency bar graph is superior at displaying the overall shape of the data.
B) The frequency bar graph is superior at displaying the overall shape of the data.
C) A pie chart would be needed here to display the overall shape of the data.
D) Either bar graph would suffice as they differ only in scale.The shape will be the same.

Accepted Answer

Both relative frequency and frequency bar graphs display the same overall shape of the data; they only differ in the scale used on the y-axis.

Question 13

Concerning numeric data,a negatively skewed distribution has:
A) most of the data concentrated in the lower values with relatively fewer larger values.
B) most of the data concentrated in the higher values with relatively fewer lower values.
C) a positive amount of values skewed across the center.
D) an equal amount of large and small values.

Accepted Answer

A negatively skewed distribution has a longer tail on the left side, meaning most data are concentrated in the higher values with fewer lower values.

Question 14

A survey records a person's smoking status as either "yes" or "no." This survey is recording what kind of data?
A) categorical/qualitative
B) categorical/quantitative
C) numerical/quantitative
D) numerical/qualitative

Accepted Answer

The survey is categorizing the participants based on whether they smoke, so it is collecting categorical/qualitative data.

Question 15

Concerning qualitative data,the _____ of a particular class is the count for that class.
A) relative frequency
B) distribution
C) frequency
D) probability

Accepted Answer

Frequency refers to the count or number of times a particular class or category appears in the data. It is a basic descriptive statistic used to summarize qualitative data. Relative frequency is the proportion of observations that belong to a particular class, and probability is a measure of the likelihood of an event occurring, and is more commonly associated with quantitative data. Distribution refers to the pattern of frequencies across all of the categories or classes in the data.

Question 16

A data set consisting of observations on only a single characteristic,or attribute,is a _____ data set.
A) bivariate
B) multivariate
C) random
D) univariate

Accepted Answer

A univariate data set consists of observations on only a single variable or attribute. Bivariate and multivariate data sets consist of observations on two or more variables, while random simply refers to the method of selecting the observations.

Question 17

When two distinct symmetric unimodal populations with different centers are mixed,the resulting distribution will likely be:
A) unimodal.
B) quasimodal.
C) bimodal.
D) skewed.

Accepted Answer

When two distinct symmetric unimodal populations with different centers are mixed, the resulting distribution is likely to be bimodal, with two distinct peaks representing each of the original populations.

Question 18

Concerning univariate data,a _____ or _____ data set consists of non-numerical observations that may be placed in categories.
A) categorical;qualitative
B) categorical;quantitative
C) numerical;quantitative
D) numerical;qualitative

Accepted Answer

Categorical data is non-numerical data that can be placed into categories. Qualitative data is another term for categorical data.

Question 19

A frequency distribution table is BEST suited to summarize which type of data?
A) continuous
B) bivariate
C) multivariate
D) qualitative

Accepted Answer

A frequency distribution table is commonly used to summarize qualitative data, which includes categorical or nominal variables. It shows the frequency, or count, of each category or answer choice in a given dataset.

Question 20

A distribution with only one peak is called:
A) single peaking.
B) multimodal.
C) bimodal.
D) unimodal.

Accepted Answer

A distribution with only one peak is called unimodal. "Single peaking" is not a commonly used term in statistics, "multimodal" refers to a distribution with multiple peaks, and "bimodal" specifically refers to a distribution with two peaks.

Quiz 3: Tables and Graphs for Summarizing Data

A cardiologist is studying the effects of soothing music on a person's heart rate.He records his patient's at-rest heart rate in whole beats per minute before and after they listen to soothing music.The variable "heart rate" in this study is BEST described as:

Relative frequency is BEST suited to describe which data type?

A numerical data set is _____ if the set of all possible values is finite,or countably infinite.

In order to assure prompt service,the city metro routinely records wait times at its various bus stops.The length of time a customer must wait for a bus is recorded in seconds.What type of data are these?

Concerning univariate data,a _ or _ data set consists of observations that are numbers.

A numeric data set is _____ if the set of all possible values is an interval of numbers.

If there are more than two observations on the same person,the data set is:

A data set consisting of two observations on each individual subject is a _____ data set.

Bic corporation performs routine quality control testing on its lighters.Each lighter tested is struck and the trial is recorded as either a success (the lighter ignites) or a failure (the lighter does not ignite) .This is an example of what kind of data?

In a study of the effectiveness of a drug that is designed to reduce blood pressure,each individual participant has their blood pressure recorded in millimeters of mercury before and after taking the drug.Of what type is the data in this study?

The sum of all the relative frequencies of classes up to and including a particular class is defined as the:

Concerning numeric data,a negatively skewed distribution has:

A survey records a person's smoking status as either "yes" or "no." This survey is recording what kind of data?

Concerning qualitative data,the _____ of a particular class is the count for that class.

A data set consisting of observations on only a single characteristic,or attribute,is a _____ data set.

When two distinct symmetric unimodal populations with different centers are mixed,the resulting distribution will likely be:

Concerning univariate data,a _ or _ data set consists of non-numerical observations that may be placed in categories.

A frequency distribution table is BEST suited to summarize which type of data?

A distribution with only one peak is called: