Question 1

What long-term effect did slavery have on the economies of the European countries and the United States?
A) Slavery formed the basis of the multiethnic modern world of the leading democracies.
B) Tensions existed in these countries between those who were for and against slavery.
C) Slavery enabled the accumulation of capital that later fuelled economic development.
D) Slavery slowed the growth of technology because manual labour was so inexpensive.

Accepted Answer

Slavery enabled the accumulation of capital that later fuelled economic development. The wealth generated from the slave trade and the use of slave labor contributed significantly to the growth of the economies of European countries and the United States. This wealth, in turn, was invested in various industries, leading to economic development.

Question 2

The Human Development Report has been published annually since 1990 by the United Nations.Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic dimensions that they measure to document the well-being of world populations?
A) educational attainment
B) rates of unemployment
C) living standards
D) life expectancy

Accepted Answer

Rates of unemployment are not one of the three basic dimensions measured by the Human Development Report. The three basic dimensions are educational attainment, living standards, and life expectancy.

Question 3

When asked to provide a possible explanation for the underdevelopment in most African countries,Tashia asserts that it is a result of their historical colonization.Which development theory supports this notion?
A) colonization
B) stage
C) dependency
D) modernization

Accepted Answer

The dependency theory argues that underdevelopment in developing countries, including those in Africa, is a result of their historical colonization and ongoing economic dependence on more advanced countries.

Question 4

Which countries would neoliberals use as proof that their principles for development work?
A) Paraguay and Chile
B) Mexico and India
C) Brazil and Bolivia
D) Venezuela and Uruguay

Accepted Answer

Neoliberals often cite Mexico and India as examples where market-oriented reforms and liberalization have led to economic growth and development.

Question 5

A developing country in debt to the World Bank was offered financial assistance to alleviate the economic crisis if it would abide by certain conditions.The conditions were privatizing state-controlled services,importing goods from developed countries,and ending tariffs protecting local businesses.Which kind of economic theorizing supports this approach to development?
A) Marxist
B) neoliberal
C) postmodernist
D) Keynesian

Accepted Answer

The conditions stated in the scenario align with neoliberal economic theory, which advocates for free trade, privatization, and minimal government intervention in the economy. The World Bank is known for promoting neoliberal policies as a path to development in developing countries.

Question 6

Paulo is a political candidate in Argentina.The media has reported that he is highly likely to be elected,solely due to his stance on economic policy.What position has Paulo taken?
A) He is in favour of neoliberal economic policies.
B) He is opposed to neoliberal economic policies.
C) He promises to introduce neoliberal economic policies.
D) He promises to welcome foreign investment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Paulo is a political candidate in Argentina.The...

Question 7

After watching a commercial that requested viewers to sponsor a child in Africa,Joshua asserts that the child poverty problem would be solved if the people in Africa would use birth control,rather than expecting other countries to pay for raising their families.Which theory of development does Joshua ascribe to?
A) stages of development
B) modernization
C) dependency
D) independency

Accepted Answer

Joshua's assertion reflects the modernization theory of development, which emphasizes the importance of individual behavior and decision-making in creating economic and social progress. This theory suggests that developing nations must adopt Western values, including population control and family planning, in order to achieve economic development. Joshua's comment about birth control aligns with this idea.

Question 8

Which type of theorists blame Third World societies for their own lack of development?
A) stratification
B) underdevelopment
C) dependency
D) modernization

Accepted Answer

Modernization theorists argue that Third World societies are responsible for their own lack of development due to cultural, social and economic factors that impede progress. They view modernization as a process necessary for development and believe that Third World countries must adopt Western values and institutions in order to become developed.

Question 9

According to the text,what has the term development come to mean in the period after World War II?
A) economic growth,industrialization,and modernization in the poor parts of the world
B) protectionist policies that resist competitive forces from outside the country
C) consolidation of land for indigenous farming and local food-based economies
D) application of Keynesian policies to providing government regulation of the economy

Accepted Answer

The text states that after World War II, the term development came to mean "economic growth, industrialization, and modernization in the poor parts of the world."

Question 10

According to the text,which outcome has resulted from the application of dependency theory to explain underdevelopment in the Third World?
A) It has been found that underdevelopment has contributed to more dependency.
B) Underdevelopment has not been confirmed.
C) It has been found that underdevelopment has contributed to less dependency.
D) Underdevelopment has been largely confirmed.

Accepted Answer

The text states that "dependency theory has been widely accepted and has largely confirmed the reality of underdevelopment in the Third World." Therefore, the application of dependency theory has resulted in the confirmation of underdevelopment as a significant issue in the Third World.

Question 11

Chantelle argues that development in the Global South is being hindered by the unequal exchange between the developed countries and the countries seeking to develop.Which approach provides a basis for her position?
A) stunted-economy theory
B) globalization theory
C) dependency theory
D) modernization theory

Accepted Answer

Chantelle's argument about unequal exchange and hindrance to development aligns with the dependency theory, which explores the relationship between developed and developing countries and how the latter is dependent on the former.

Question 12

When did social movements start challenging the neoliberal development model?
A) 1974
B) 1981
C) 1999
D) 2008

Accepted Answer

Social movements started challenging the neoliberal development model in 1999 during the protests against the World Trade Organization (WTO) meeting in Seattle. While criticism of neoliberalism and its impact on society had been present before, the Seattle protests marked a significant turning point in the movement against neoliberalism.

Question 13

What fundamental criticism has been levied against the Human Development Index (HDI)?
A) It does not track levels of economic inequality.
B) It fails to consider the happiness of the citizens.
C) It overestimates the well-being of people living in developed countries.
D) It does not include an indicator of the health of the environment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What fundamental criticism has been levied against...

Question 14

You watch an economist being interviewed: she speaks passionately against government regulation of business and financial institutions,saying,"The markets will correct themselves." What type of economist would this person be?
A) neoliberal
B) Marxist
C) Keynesian
D) structural

Accepted Answer

Neoliberal economists believe in minimal government intervention in the economy and that free markets will naturally correct themselves. They advocate for laissez-faire policies, which align with the economist's statement against government regulation. Marxism, Keynesianism, and structuralism all promote government intervention in some form, so they would not align with the economist's views.

Question 15

Which of the following is part of the neoliberal prescription of the Washington consensus?
A) austerity,privatization,and market liberalization
B) imposing controls over trade and currency exchanges
C) spending,nationalization,and market regulation
D) increasing government spending

Accepted Answer

The Washington consensus includes the promotion of neoliberal policies such as austerity (reducing government spending), privatization (selling off state-owned companies to the private sector), and market liberalization (opening up markets to foreign competition). These policies are intended to promote free-market capitalism and reduce government intervention in the economy. Option B is incorrect because the Washington consensus actually encourages free trade and currency convertibility. Option C is incorrect because it advocates for state intervention in the economy, which is contradictory to the neoliberal approach. Option D is incorrect because the Washington consensus emphasizes reducing government spending and intervention rather than increasing it.

Question 16

According to W.W.Rostow,an early development theorist,how do societies progress?
A) through fixed stages of development
B) through a process known as colonization
C) by population growth and expansion
D) by an evolution of national identity

Accepted Answer

W.W. Rostow's theory of economic growth and development outlines five stages of development through which a society progresses. The stages include traditional society, preconditions for take-off, take-off, drive to maturity, and age of high mass consumption. Thus, societies progress through fixed stages of development according to Rostow's theory.

Question 17

Andre passionately argues that the lack of development in the less-developed countries is not due to their deficiencies but is rather the result of historical and structural relations between countries.Which theory would Andre use to support his perspective?
A) bio-environmental theory
B) modernization theory
C) dependency theory
D) neoliberal theory

Accepted Answer

Andre's argument that the lack of development in less-developed countries is a result of historical and structural relations between countries aligns with the principles of dependency theory. Dependency theory posits that the underdevelopment of some countries is caused by the exploitation of their resources and labor by wealthy, developed nations. This theory challenges the notion that underdeveloped countries are inherently deficient and instead places the blame on the exploitative relationships between nations.

Question 18

Which country stepped in to help once it became politically impossible for the United States to provide military aid,training,and support for Guatemala and its pro-American regime?
A) China
B) Israel
C) Russia
D) Germany

Accepted Answer

Israel provided military aid, training, and support for Guatemala and its pro-American regime in the 1970s and 1980s, after it became politically impossible for the United States to do so due to human rights concerns. Israel provided weapons and military advisers to the Guatemalan military, which was engaged in a brutal counter-insurgency campaign against leftist rebels and indigenous groups. This alliance was based on shared anti-communist ideology and mutual interests in fighting leftist movements in the region.

Question 19

Which development theorist would describe development as a traditional society "taking off" after it came into contact with a developed society?
A) Milton Friedman
B) W.W.Rostow
C) David McClelland
D) Maynard Keynes

Accepted Answer

This development theory is known as "modernization theory" and was proposed by W.W. Rostow. He believed that all societies pass through a series of stages on the path to development, and that the final stage is characterized by an economy focused on mass production and consumption. According to Rostow, the catalyst for development is contact with a more developed society, which spurs innovation and change in the traditional society.

Question 20

When significant numbers of young people in India give up on their traditional beliefs and practices and embrace Western values,which development theorists would conclude that the country is moving in the right direction?
A) modernization theorists
B) pro-capitalist theorists
C) neo-development theorists
D) boot-strap theorists

Accepted Answer

Modernization theorists believe that traditional beliefs and practices are obstacles to development, and that embracing Western values is necessary for progress. Thus, they would view young people in India giving up their traditional beliefs and practices as a sign of the country moving in the right direction.

Quiz 10: Development and Underdevelopment

What long-term effect did slavery have on the economies of the European countries and the United States?

The Human Development Report has been published annually since 1990 by the United Nations.Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic dimensions that they measure to document the well-being of world populations?

When asked to provide a possible explanation for the underdevelopment in most African countries,Tashia asserts that it is a result of their historical colonization.Which development theory supports this notion?

Which countries would neoliberals use as proof that their principles for development work?

Paulo is a political candidate in Argentina.The media has reported that he is highly likely to be elected,solely due to his stance on economic policy.What position has Paulo taken?

Which type of theorists blame Third World societies for their own lack of development?

According to the text,what has the term development come to mean in the period after World War II?

According to the text,which outcome has resulted from the application of dependency theory to explain underdevelopment in the Third World?

Chantelle argues that development in the Global South is being hindered by the unequal exchange between the developed countries and the countries seeking to develop.Which approach provides a basis for her position?

When did social movements start challenging the neoliberal development model?

What fundamental criticism has been levied against the Human Development Index (HDI) ?

You watch an economist being interviewed: she speaks passionately against government regulation of business and financial institutions,saying,"The markets will correct themselves." What type of economist would this person be?

Which of the following is part of the neoliberal prescription of the Washington consensus?

According to W.W.Rostow,an early development theorist,how do societies progress?

Andre passionately argues that the lack of development in the less-developed countries is not due to their deficiencies but is rather the result of historical and structural relations between countries.Which theory would Andre use to support his perspective?

Which country stepped in to help once it became politically impossible for the United States to provide military aid,training,and support for Guatemala and its pro-American regime?

Which development theorist would describe development as a traditional society "taking off" after it came into contact with a developed society?

When significant numbers of young people in India give up on their traditional beliefs and practices and embrace Western values,which development theorists would conclude that the country is moving in the right direction?