Question 1

Cheryl is trying to teach her son to do the laundry by watching her.According to observational learning theory,to be effective what must occur?
A)Her son must always model the behavior immediately.
B)Her son must be motivated to learn how to do the laundry.
C)Her son must be able to complete other tasks while watching her.
D)Cheryl must show her son how to do the laundry while she is making dinner.

Accepted Answer

According to observational learning theory, the learner's motivation plays a key role in whether or not they will imitate the behavior being modeled. Therefore, it is important for Cheryl's son to be motivated to learn how to do the laundry in order for observational learning to be effective. Choices A, C, and D do not align with the requirements for effective observational learning.

Question 2

Michael grows up in a home where his father is generally unloving toward his mother.He observes his father yell and degrade his mother,and he notices that his mother never resists this treatment.Based on the work of Bandura,what might we predict about Michael's own relationships when he is older?
A)Michael will probably treat women very well,as he rebels against the behaviors he saw in his father.
B)Michael may treat women with discourtesy and disrespect,as he repeats the behavior he saw in his father.
C)Michael will probably have no relationships with women,as his father has taught him that relationships are not worth having.
D)Michael will always be very distant from his father,as he has learned that his father does not care about anyone but himself.

Accepted Answer

Bandura's social learning theory suggests that children learn behaviors by observing and imitating the actions of others. In this case, Michael has observed his father's degrading behavior towards his mother and his mother's submission to it, which may lead him to repeat these behaviors in his own relationships. Therefore, it is likely that Michael may treat women with discourtesy and disrespect, similar to what he observed in his father.

Question 3

Learning that takes place without actual performance (a kind of latent learning)is called _____________.
A)the learning/performance distinction
B)the innate performance preference
C)the delayed learning paradigm
D)the observational delay effect

Accepted Answer

The learning/performance distinction refers to the idea that learning can occur without actual performance, which is known as latent learning. This concept was first discovered in studies involving rats in mazes, where the rats appeared to learn the layout of the maze without showing any improvement in performance until they had a reason to do so (such as a reward). The other answer choices are not related to this concept.

Question 4

In Bandura's study with the Bobo doll,the children in the group who saw the model punished did not imitate the model at first.They would only imitate the model if given a reward for doing so.The fact that these children had obviously learned the behavior without actually performing it is an example of ____________.
A)latent learning
B)operant conditioning
C)classical conditioning
D)insight learning

Accepted Answer

Latent learning refers to learning that occurs without any obvious reinforcement or punishment, and remains hidden until there is a reason to demonstrate it. In this case, the children who saw the model punished did not imitate the behavior at first, but had still learned it (which was demonstrated when they did imitate the behavior after being given a reward). This suggests that they had learned the behavior through observation and mental processes, without any obvious reinforcement or punishment.

Question 5

Which letters correspond to the four elements of modeling from Bandura's theory?
A)MIMA
B)AMIM
C)BANDURA
D)MOMA

Accepted Answer

According to Bandura's theory, the four elements of modeling are attention (A), retention (M), reproduction (I), and motivation (M). The letters in option B - AMIM - correspond to these four elements.

Question 6

A girl learns that whenever her brother shares his cookie with her,her mother gives him a piece of candy.The girl starts sharing her treats with her friends when they come over in the hopes of getting a similar reward.The girl's learning to share is an example of __________.
A)classical conditioning
B)operant conditioning
C)contingency theory
D)observational learning

Accepted Answer

The answer of A girl learns that whenever her brother...

Question 7

Classical conditioning was accidentally discovered by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov while he was studying salivation.

Accepted Answer

Ivan Pavlov was indeed studying salivation in dogs when he accidentally discovered classical conditioning.

Question 8

A conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the paired presentation of the UCS.After time,the subject no longer makes the conditioned response.This fading of the CR is known as habituation.

Accepted Answer

This fading of the CR is known as extinction, not habituation. Habituation refers to a decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated presentations, without the involvement of a conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus pairing.

Question 9

A change in behavior that is relatively permanent and brought about by experience is commonly referred to by psychologists as acquisition behavior.

Accepted Answer

A change in behavior that is relatively permanent and brought about by experience is commonly referred to by psychologists as learning, not acquisition behavior. Acquisition specifically refers to the initial stage of learning when a response is first established.

Question 10

If one presented the conditioned stimulus (such as a bell)after the presentation of the unconditioned stimulus (the food)in Pavlov's learning experiment,little or no classical conditioning would occur.

Accepted Answer

In classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus (bell) must precede the unconditioned stimulus (food) in order for conditioning to occur. If the conditioned stimulus is presented after the unconditioned stimulus, little or no conditioning will occur.

Question 11

A Congressional hearing is taking place in Washington,DC.The representatives are discussing whether the portrayals of violence on children's TV shows are perhaps contributing to the violence we see in schools today.What psychological process are the representatives probably considering as the reason that TV influences school violence?
A)observational learning
B)operant conditioning
C)classical conditioning
D)insight learning

Accepted Answer

The representatives are likely considering observational learning as the psychological process by which TV shows may influence school violence. Observational learning is the process of learning by observing others, and seeing violent acts on TV may lead children to imitate that behavior.

Question 12

A Congressional hearing is taking place in Washington,DC.The representatives are discussing whether the portrayals of violence on children's TV shows are perhaps contributing to the violence we see in schools today.The work of what psychologist is most relevant to their discussions?
A)Bandura
B)Tolman
C)Skinner
D)Pavlov

Accepted Answer

Bandura's social learning theory suggests that people learn and imitate behaviors they see modeled around them, especially in the media. Thus, his work is relevant to the discussion of whether violence in children's TV shows contributes to real-world violence.

Question 13

In Bandura's study of observational learning,the abbreviation AMIM stands for _____________.
A)attention,memory,imitation,motivation
B)alertness,motivation,intent,monetary reward
C)achievement,momentum,initiative,memory
D)achievement,motivation,intellectual capacity,memory

Accepted Answer

AMIM stands for attention, memory, imitation, and motivation, as these are the key elements necessary for observational learning to occur according to Bandura's theory.

Question 14

Dad is watching a home improvement show about how to install a new sink.He really wants to do it and watches the show intently.He knows that his wife will reward him when he is done.However,when he tests the new sink,water spurts everywhere.Taking the new sink apart,he finds that he has left out the crucial washers in the faucet assembly even though this was emphasized in the TV show.What part of Bandura's theory of the necessary components of observational learning is most likely the reason for this disaster?
A)attention
B)memory
C)imitation
D)motivation

Accepted Answer

The component of memory is most likely the reason for this disaster, as the dad watched the show intently but failed to remember the crucial step of adding washers to the faucet assembly.

Question 15

Bandura conducted a classic study known as the "Bobo" doll study.The term Bobo refers to ____________.
A)Bandura's pet name for the dog used in the study
B)Bandura's loyal but strange assistant that carried out the study
C)Bandura's nickname that his wife had given him
D)the type of inflatable doll that was used in the study

Accepted Answer

The term "Bobo" refers to the type of inflatable doll that was used in the study. The study aimed to test the social learning theory and aggression in children by observing their behavior after watching an adult model's aggressive behavior towards a Bobo doll.

Question 16

A young boy is watching TV.In one show he sees a bully steal a lunch from another child.The bully then enjoys eating the other child's lunch.Because this boy feels that his mother makes him a rather skimpy lunch and he is always hungry at school,he starts stealing other kids' lunches.According to Bandura's theory of observational learning,his hunger at lunchtime was most related to which factor?
A)attention
B)memory
C)imitation
D)motivation

Accepted Answer

According to Bandura's theory of observational learning, motivation plays a crucial role in determining whether an individual will imitate a behavior they have observed. In this scenario, the boy's motivation to steal other kids' lunches is driven by his own hunger at lunchtime, which he perceives as being caused by his mother's decision to provide him with a skimpy lunch.

Question 17

In Pavlov's original experiment of classical conditioning,dogs learned to salivate at the sound of a bell when the sound of the metronome was repeatedly paired with the presentation of food.The food is referred to as the unconditioned response.

Accepted Answer

The food is referred to as the unconditioned stimulus, not the unconditioned response. The unconditioned response is the automatic response to the unconditioned stimulus, which in this case is salivating at the presentation of food.

Question 18

A young child watches her mother make pancakes.She wants to please her mother so she pays attention.However,when she goes to make them on her own,she cannot break the eggs for the batter without making a terrible mess and dropping them on the floor,no matter how hard she tries.Her attempt failed because of a problem with which part of the necessary components for observational learning?
A)attention
B)memory
C)imitation
D)motivation

Accepted Answer

The child has difficulty with imitation, as she cannot replicate the action of breaking eggs without making a mess, despite paying attention and being motivated.

Question 19

Observational learning theory's foremost proponent is ____________.
A)Watson
B)Thorndike
C)Skinner
D)Bandura

Accepted Answer

Observational learning theory, also known as social learning theory, was developed and extensively studied by Albert Bandura.

Question 20

Karawynn Long attempted to toilet train her cat.The principle of learning that was in operation was ____________.
A)observational learning
B)classical conditioning
C)AMIM
D)shaping

Accepted Answer

The principle in operation here is shaping. Shaping involves gradually reinforcing behaviors that approximate the desired behavior, and this is what Long did with her cat in attempting to toilet train it.

Quiz 4: Learning

Cheryl is trying to teach her son to do the laundry by watching her.According to observational learning theory,to be effective what must occur?

Michael grows up in a home where his father is generally unloving toward his mother.He observes his father yell and degrade his mother,and he notices that his mother never resists this treatment.Based on the work of Bandura,what might we predict about Michael's own relationships when he is older?

Learning that takes place without actual performance (a kind of latent learning) is called _____________.

Which letters correspond to the four elements of modeling from Bandura's theory?

A girl learns that whenever her brother shares his cookie with her,her mother gives him a piece of candy.The girl starts sharing her treats with her friends when they come over in the hopes of getting a similar reward.The girl's learning to share is an example of __________.

Classical conditioning was accidentally discovered by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov while he was studying salivation.

A conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the paired presentation of the UCS.After time,the subject no longer makes the conditioned response.This fading of the CR is known as habituation.

A change in behavior that is relatively permanent and brought about by experience is commonly referred to by psychologists as acquisition behavior.

If one presented the conditioned stimulus (such as a bell)after the presentation of the unconditioned stimulus (the food)in Pavlov's learning experiment,little or no classical conditioning would occur.

A Congressional hearing is taking place in Washington,DC.The representatives are discussing whether the portrayals of violence on children's TV shows are perhaps contributing to the violence we see in schools today.The work of what psychologist is most relevant to their discussions?

In Bandura's study of observational learning,the abbreviation AMIM stands for _____________.

Bandura conducted a classic study known as the "Bobo" doll study.The term Bobo refers to ____________.

In Pavlov's original experiment of classical conditioning,dogs learned to salivate at the sound of a bell when the sound of the metronome was repeatedly paired with the presentation of food.The food is referred to as the unconditioned response.

Observational learning theory's foremost proponent is ____________.

Karawynn Long attempted to toilet train her cat.The principle of learning that was in operation was ____________.