Question 1

Companies frequently attempt to measure the national market share of a new product based on its market share results in a test market study.

Accepted Answer

Companies often conduct test market studies to gauge the potential success of a new product in a small geographical area before launching it nationally. Based on the results of the test market, they may attempt to estimate the national market share of the product. So, the statement is true.

Question 2

How is the dependent variable measured in the following experimental design? Experimental Group: (R)O₁ X O₂ Control Group: (R)O₃ O₄ A)O₂ - O₄ B)O₄ - O₃ C)(O₂ - O₁)─ (O₄ - O₃₎ D)O₂ - O₁ E)O₁ - O₃

Accepted Answer

The dependent variable is measured by comparing the change in observations from pre-test to post-test in both the experimental and control groups, which is represented by (O₂ - O₁) for the experimental group and (O₄ - O₃) for the control group. The difference between these two changes gives the effect of the treatment.

Question 3

The fact that high school juniors who re-take the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT)in their senior year typically achieve scores the second time that are about 50 points higher than the first time they took this test as juniors is an example of which type of extraneous variable?
A)Selection bias
B)Testing effects
C)Mortality
D)Instrument variation
E)History

Accepted Answer

This is an example of testing effects, which refers to the influence of previous testing on subsequent test scores. In this case, the familiarity with the test format and content from taking it as juniors likely contributed to the higher scores as seniors.

Question 4

A test market study is a type of:
A)laboratory experiment.
B)virtual shopping study.
C)maturation study.
D)field experiment.
E)descriptive study.

Accepted Answer

A test market study is a type of field experiment where a product or campaign is introduced in a small market to test its effectiveness before launching it in a larger market.

Question 5

The idea that an interviewer may change his behavior when interviewing respondents in the afternoon because of a fatigue effect is the basis of which extraneous experimental factor?
A)Instrument variation
B)Mortality
C)Testing effects
D)History
E)Regression to the Mean

Accepted Answer

Instrument variation refers to changes in the measurement instrument or process, such as an interviewer's behavior, which can affect the results. Fatigue affecting an interviewer's behavior is an example of instrument variation.

Question 6

In an experiment,the variable that the researcher "manipulates" (i.e. ,changes)is called all of the following EXCEPT the ____________ variable.
A)independent
B)experimental
C)dependent
D)treatment
E)explanatory

Accepted Answer

The variable that is being manipulated is the independent variable, which is also sometimes referred to as the experimental variable or treatment variable. The dependent variable is the variable that is being measured or observed as a result of the changes made to the independent variable. The term "explanatory variable" is another way to refer to the independent variable. Therefore, the only option that does not accurately describe the manipulated variable is C, which refers to the dependent variable.

Question 7

If real estate agents in St.Louis are offered the chance to attend a voluntary training session on Missouri State Law,the fact that agents who are having difficulty making enough sales to have sufficient income means that they are more likely to attend these training sessions is an example of which type of extraneous variable?
A)Maturation
B)Testing effects
C)Selection bias
D)History
E)Regression to the Mean

Accepted Answer

Selection bias is the extraneous variable at play here, as the agents who are struggling financially are more likely to attend the training session. This can introduce a bias in the results, as the sample of agents who attend the session may not be representative of the entire population of agents in St. Louis. Maturation refers to changes that occur naturally over time, testing effects refer to the impact of being tested on subsequent performance, history refers to external events that may affect the outcome, and regression to the mean refers to the tendency for extreme scores to move towards the average over time. None of these variables apply in this scenario.

Question 8

The extent to which test market results can be used to estimate market share in states other than the ones in which the test market took place is the fundamental question in external validity.

Accepted Answer

External validity refers to the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other contexts, settings, or groups beyond the specific conditions of the original test, such as different states in this case.

Question 9

How is the dependent variable measured in an experiment with the following notation? O₁ X O₂ A)O₂ - O₁ B)O₂ x O₁ C)O₂/ O₁ D)O₂ + O₁ E)O₂

Accepted Answer

The dependent variable is measured by the difference between the final observation (O₂) and the initial observation (O₁).

Question 10

What type of experimental design is the following? Experimental Group: (R)X O₁ Control Group: (R)O₂ A)Solomon 4 design B)One-shot case study C)Quasi-experiment D)After-only with control group design E)Pretest-Posttest Design

Accepted Answer

This design is an after-only with control group design because the dependent variable is only measured after the independent variable is introduced and there is a control group for comparison.

Question 11

Laboratory experiments have greater problems estimating external validity than test market studies.

Accepted Answer

Laboratory experiments often lack the complexity and variability of real-world situations, which may limit their ability to generalize findings to the broader population. Test market studies, on the other hand, are conducted in real-world settings and involve actual consumers, making them more likely to have higher external validity.

Question 12

In an experiment,the variable that the researcher measures to determine the effect of the change in the independent variable can be any of the following EXCEPT the _________________ variable.
A)market share
B)profit
C)unit sales
D)price
E)brand loyalty

Accepted Answer

The independent variable is the one that is being changed or manipulated in the experiment, while the dependent variable is the one that is being measured to determine the effect of the change. Market share, profit, unit sales, and brand loyalty are all dependent variables that could be measured in an experiment, but price is the independent variable as it is being changed or manipulated to observe its effect on the dependent variable.

Question 13

When Wendy's tracks the profits of its "single hamburger" versus a test market result of a new product (a hot dog)to determine the impact on profits of adding the hot dog to the menu,Wendy's is testing for a(n):
A)quasi-effect.
B)contamination effect.
C)multiple time-series effect.
D)cannibalization rate.
E)one-shot effect.

Accepted Answer

The concept being tested here is cannibalization rate, which refers to the extent to which sales of a new product will come at the expense of existing products. In this case, Wendy's wants to know if adding a hot dog to the menu will cannibalize sales of the existing single hamburger, and will thus be able to calculate the impact on profits.

Question 14

Which type of experimental design occurs when a Ford dealer offers two free domestic tickets on American Airlines to anyone who buys a new Ford from this dealer in January?
A)Before-after with control group design
B)Solomon 4 design
C)One-shot case study
D)After-only with control group design
E)One-group pretest-posttest design

Accepted Answer

This is an example of a one-shot case study design, as there is no control group and only one group is given the treatment (the offer of two free domestic tickets on American Airlines). There is no pretest or baseline measurement of the group's behavior before the offer, therefore it cannot be considered a pretest-posttest design.

Question 15

The independent variable that is "manipulated" by the experimenter is called the __________ variable.
A)contaminated
B)isolated
C)dependent
D)treatment
E)randomization

Accepted Answer

The independent variable that is manipulated by the experimenter is called the treatment variable. The treatment variable is the variable that is altered or varied by the experimenter in order to determine its effect on the dependent variable. Choice D, "treatment," is the best option as it accurately describes the independent variable in an experiment.

Question 16

The extent to which the findings of a test market study can be "generalized" to predict sales in the U.S.market is the basic concept underlying the concept of:
A)external validity.
B)internal validity.
C)the time-series effect.
D)the history effect.
E)the maturation effect.

Accepted Answer

External validity refers to the ability to generalize findings from a sample to a larger population. In this case, the question is asking about the ability of a test market study to generalize its findings to predict sales in the larger U.S. market. Therefore, external validity is the most relevant and correct answer. Internal validity, time-series effect, history effect, and maturation effect are also important concepts in research design, but they are not directly related to the question being asked.

Question 17

What type of experimental design occurs when the approval ratings of the President of the United States are tracked weekly for several weeks both before and after a major speech by the President on national television?
A)Pretest-Posttest experimental design
B)After-only with control group design
C)Time-series
D)Solomon 4 design
E)One-shot case study

Accepted Answer

This is a time-series experimental design because data is being collected over a period of time (several weeks) both before and after the major speech by the President. This design allows for the observation of trends and changes in the approval ratings over time.

Question 18

The key factor in making true experimental designs more valid than pre-experimental designs is randomization of the independent variable.

Accepted Answer

Randomization of the independent variable helps to ensure that any differences in the dependent variable observed between experimental groups are not due to pre-existing differences between participants or other extraneous factors. This increases the internal validity of the experiment. Pre-experimental designs do not typically include randomization and are therefore considered less valid.

Question 19

In order for an experimenter to attempt to demonstrate causality in an experiment,she can hope to claim that A caused B only when A occurred after B on a time line.

Accepted Answer

This statement is incorrect. In order to claim that A caused B, A must occur before B on a time line, not after. This is because causality means that A is the reason for B happening. If B occurred first, then it cannot be caused by something that happened afterwards.

Question 20

All of the following are possible threats to internal experimental validity EXCEPT:
A)mortality.
B)external validity.
C)history.
D)maturation.
E)testing effects.

Accepted Answer

External validity refers to the generalizability of the results to other populations or settings, and is not a threat to internal experimental validity. The other options, mortality, history, maturation, and testing effects, are all potential threats to internal experimental validity.

Quiz 9: Primary Data Collection: Experimentation and Test Markets

Companies frequently attempt to measure the national market share of a new product based on its market share results in a test market study.

How is the dependent variable measured in the following experimental design? Experimental Group: (R) O₁ X O₂ Control Group: (R) O₃ O₄

The fact that high school juniors who re-take the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) in their senior year typically achieve scores the second time that are about 50 points higher than the first time they took this test as juniors is an example of which type of extraneous variable?

A test market study is a type of:

The idea that an interviewer may change his behavior when interviewing respondents in the afternoon because of a fatigue effect is the basis of which extraneous experimental factor?

In an experiment,the variable that the researcher "manipulates" (i.e. ,changes) is called all of the following EXCEPT the ____________ variable.

The extent to which test market results can be used to estimate market share in states other than the ones in which the test market took place is the fundamental question in external validity.

How is the dependent variable measured in an experiment with the following notation? O₁ X O₂

What type of experimental design is the following? Experimental Group: (R) X O₁ Control Group: (R) O₂

Laboratory experiments have greater problems estimating external validity than test market studies.

In an experiment,the variable that the researcher measures to determine the effect of the change in the independent variable can be any of the following EXCEPT the _________________ variable.

When Wendy's tracks the profits of its "single hamburger" versus a test market result of a new product (a hot dog) to determine the impact on profits of adding the hot dog to the menu,Wendy's is testing for a(n) :

Which type of experimental design occurs when a Ford dealer offers two free domestic tickets on American Airlines to anyone who buys a new Ford from this dealer in January?

The independent variable that is "manipulated" by the experimenter is called the __________ variable.

The extent to which the findings of a test market study can be "generalized" to predict sales in the U.S.market is the basic concept underlying the concept of:

What type of experimental design occurs when the approval ratings of the President of the United States are tracked weekly for several weeks both before and after a major speech by the President on national television?

The key factor in making true experimental designs more valid than pre-experimental designs is randomization of the independent variable.

In order for an experimenter to attempt to demonstrate causality in an experiment,she can hope to claim that A caused B only when A occurred after B on a time line.

All of the following are possible threats to internal experimental validity EXCEPT:

Quiz 9: Primary Data Collection: Experimentation and Test Markets

Companies frequently attempt to measure the national market share of a new product based on its market share results in a test market study.

How is the dependent variable measured in the following experimental design? Experimental Group: (R) O1 X O2 Control Group: (R) O3 O4

The fact that high school juniors who re-take the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) in their senior year typically achieve scores the second time that are about 50 points higher than the first time they took this test as juniors is an example of which type of extraneous variable?

A test market study is a type of:

The idea that an interviewer may change his behavior when interviewing respondents in the afternoon because of a fatigue effect is the basis of which extraneous experimental factor?

In an experiment,the variable that the researcher "manipulates" (i.e. ,changes) is called all of the following EXCEPT the ____________ variable.

The extent to which test market results can be used to estimate market share in states other than the ones in which the test market took place is the fundamental question in external validity.

How is the dependent variable measured in an experiment with the following notation? O1 X O2

What type of experimental design is the following? Experimental Group: (R) X O1 Control Group: (R) O2

Laboratory experiments have greater problems estimating external validity than test market studies.

In an experiment,the variable that the researcher measures to determine the effect of the change in the independent variable can be any of the following EXCEPT the _________________ variable.

When Wendy's tracks the profits of its "single hamburger" versus a test market result of a new product (a hot dog) to determine the impact on profits of adding the hot dog to the menu,Wendy's is testing for a(n) :

Which type of experimental design occurs when a Ford dealer offers two free domestic tickets on American Airlines to anyone who buys a new Ford from this dealer in January?

The independent variable that is "manipulated" by the experimenter is called the __________ variable.

The extent to which the findings of a test market study can be "generalized" to predict sales in the U.S.market is the basic concept underlying the concept of:

What type of experimental design occurs when the approval ratings of the President of the United States are tracked weekly for several weeks both before and after a major speech by the President on national television?

The key factor in making true experimental designs more valid than pre-experimental designs is randomization of the independent variable.

In order for an experimenter to attempt to demonstrate causality in an experiment,she can hope to claim that A caused B only when A occurred after B on a time line.

All of the following are possible threats to internal experimental validity EXCEPT:

How is the dependent variable measured in the following experimental design? Experimental Group: (R) O₁ X O₂ Control Group: (R) O₃ O₄

How is the dependent variable measured in an experiment with the following notation? O₁ X O₂

What type of experimental design is the following? Experimental Group: (R) X O₁ Control Group: (R) O₂