Question 1

Use the following to answer questions:
Following Broca, several other investigators extended knowledge regarding the association of brain damage and language and movement disorders. For each individual, choose the MOST appropriate alternative from the list below.
-Wernicke ___
A)apraxia
B)hierarchical organization
C)fluent aphasia
D)alexia

Accepted Answer

Wernicke is associated with fluent aphasia, also known as receptive or sensory aphasia. This disorder involves impairment in language comprehension and production of meaningful speech.

Question 2

Use the following to answer questions:
The nineteenth century saw an increase in scientific interest in the functions of the brain. Match the scientist(s) with the MOST appropriate phrase.
-Flourens ___
A)conduction aphasia
B)recovery of function
C)electrical excitability of the cortex
D)left hemisphere localization for speech

Accepted Answer

Flourens is most associated with the concept of recovery of function, as he conducted experiments that demonstrated the brain's ability to recover functions lost due to injury, challenging the localization theory of brain function.

Question 3

Use the following to answer questions:
Following Broca, several other investigators extended knowledge regarding the association of brain damage and language and movement disorders. For each individual, choose the MOST appropriate alternative from the list below.
-Hughlings - Jackson ___
A)apraxia
B)hierarchical organization
C)fluent aphasia
D)alexia

Accepted Answer

Hughlings-Jackson is known for his work on hierarchical organization of movements in the brain, referred to as the "motor cortex hierarchy." He did not study language disorders.

Question 4

Use the following to answer questions:
Different theorists down the ages have placed mental processes in various parts of the body. Choose the appropriate body region for each theorist.
-Aristotle ___
A)pineal gland
B)heart
C)brain

Accepted Answer

Aristotle believed that the heart was the center of intelligence and not the brain.

Question 5

Use the following to answer questions:
Following Broca, several other investigators extended knowledge regarding the association of brain damage and language and movement disorders. For each individual, choose the MOST appropriate alternative from the list below.
-Liepmann ___
A)apraxia
B)hierarchical organization
C)fluent aphasia
D)alexia

Accepted Answer

Liepmann is primarily known for his work on apraxia, which is a disorder of movement coordination and planning, often resulting from brain damage.

Question 6

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the individual(s) in each question with the MOST appropriate term from the list.
-Sherrington ___
A)chemical neurotransmission
B)electrical stimulation of muscle contractions
C)ionic conduction of nerve impulse
D)synapse

Accepted Answer

Sherrington is most closely associated with the concept of the synapse, which is the junction between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released to transmit signals from one neuron to another.

Question 7

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the individual(s) in each question with the MOST appropriate term from the list.
-Hodgkin and Huxley ___
A)chemical neurotransmission
B)electrical stimulation of muscle contractions
C)ionic conduction of nerve impulse
D)synapse

Accepted Answer

Hodgkin and Huxley were the scientists who discovered how ionic conduction plays a role in nerve impulses, specifically through the action of sodium and potassium ions.

Answer: B
 While Hodgkin and Huxley did study nerve impulses, their work specifically focused on the mechanism of ion channels and the role they play in muscle contractions through electrical stimulation.

Answer: D
 While Hodgkin and Huxley did study the chemical and electrical processes involved in nerve impulses, the term "synapse" specifically refers to the junction between two neurons where chemical neurotransmitters are released.

Question 8

Use the following to answer questions:
The history of neuropsychology has been influenced by a variety of hypotheses regarding the functional organization of the human brain. For each hypothesis, choose the individual MOST closely associated with that idea from the list below.
-neuron hypothesis ___
A)Goltz
B)Ramón y Cajal
C)Hughlings-Jackson
D)Golgi

Accepted Answer

Ramón y Cajal is most closely associated with the neuron hypothesis, which states that the nervous system is made up of discrete individual cells called neurons. Cajal is known as the father of neuroanatomy and conducted extensive research on the structure of neurons and their function in the nervous system.

Question 9

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the individual(s) in each question with the MOST appropriate term from the list.
-Loewi ___
A)chemical neurotransmission
B)electrical stimulation of muscle contractions
C)ionic conduction of nerve impulse
D)synapse

Accepted Answer

Loewi is best known for his experiments that demonstrated chemical neurotransmission in the nervous system.

Question 10

Use the following to answer questions:
Different theorists down the ages have placed mental processes in various parts of the body. Choose the appropriate body region for each theorist.
-Descartes ___
A)pineal gland
B)heart
C)brain

Accepted Answer

Descartes famously posited that the pineal gland was the "principal seat of the soul" and played a crucial role in the interaction between the mind and the body.

Question 11

Use the following to answer questions:
The history of neuropsychology has been influenced by a variety of hypotheses regarding the functional organization of the human brain. For each hypothesis, choose the individual MOST closely associated with that idea from the list below.
-nerve net hypothesis ___
A)Goltz
B)Ramón y Cajal
C)Hughlings-Jackson
D)Golgi

Accepted Answer

Camillo Golgi is most closely associated with the nerve net hypothesis, which proposed that the nervous system is a continuous network.

Question 12

Use the following to answer questions:
The nineteenth century saw an increase in scientific interest in the functions of the brain. Match the scientist(s) with the MOST appropriate phrase.
-Dax ___
A)conduction aphasia
B)recovery of function
C)electrical excitability of the cortex
D)left hemisphere localization for speech

Accepted Answer

Dax is most closely associated with the localization of language function in the left hemisphere of the brain.

Question 13

Use the following to answer questions:
Following Broca, several other investigators extended knowledge regarding the association of brain damage and language and movement disorders. For each individual, choose the MOST appropriate alternative from the list below.
-Dejerine ___
A)apraxia
B)hierarchical organization
C)fluent aphasia
D)alexia

Accepted Answer

Dejerine is known for his work on alexia, which refers to the inability to read or comprehend written language despite normal vision and intelligence.

Question 14

Use the following to answer questions:
The history of neuropsychology has been influenced by a variety of hypotheses regarding the functional organization of the human brain. For each hypothesis, choose the individual MOST closely associated with that idea from the list below.
-antilocalization ___
A)Goltz
B)Ramón y Cajal
C)Hughlings-Jackson
D)Golgi

Accepted Answer

Friedrich Goltz is most closely associated with the antilocalization hypothesis, which posits that complex functions are not localized to specific areas of the brain but are distributed more diffusely. Goltz conducted experiments on animals that supported this view, contrasting sharply with the localization theories of his time.

Question 15

Use the following to answer questions:
For each discipline listed below, choose the MOST appropriate alternative from the list.
-neurosurgery ___
A)positron emission tomography
B)failed in developing a functional atlas of the human brain
C)intelligence quotient
D)stereotaxic device

Accepted Answer

Neurosurgery often involves the use of a stereotaxic device, which allows for precise targeting of specific areas in the brain during surgeries. Positron emission tomography is a type of imaging technology used for diagnosis and monitoring of neurological conditions, but it is not as directly relevant to neurosurgery. Failed development of a functional atlas of the human brain and intelligence quotient are also not as directly relevant to neurosurgery.

Question 16

Use the following to answer questions:
The nineteenth century saw an increase in scientific interest in the functions of the brain. Match the scientist(s) with the MOST appropriate phrase.
-Wernicke ___
A)conduction aphasia
B)recovery of function
C)electrical excitability of the cortex
D)left hemisphere localization for speech

Accepted Answer

Wernicke is best known for his discovery of the area of the brain that is important for language comprehension, now known as Wernicke's area. His work is closely associated with conduction aphasia, a type of aphasia that affects the ability to conduct between listening and speaking, which is linked to the functions of Wernicke's area.

Question 17

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the individual(s) in each question with the MOST appropriate term from the list.
-Galvani ___
A)chemical neurotransmission
B)electrical stimulation of muscle contractions
C)ionic conduction of nerve impulse
D)synapse

Accepted Answer

Galvani is best known for his experiments on electrical stimulation of muscle contractions.

Note: The other choices are all related to the general topic of neurobiology/neuroscience, but they do not specifically relate to Galvani and his contributions.

Question 18

Use the following to answer questions:
Different theorists down the ages have placed mental processes in various parts of the body. Choose the appropriate body region for each theorist.
-modern neuroscientists ___
A)pineal gland
B)heart
C)brain

Accepted Answer

Modern neuroscientists place mental processes in the brain, as it is the center of the nervous system and is responsible for most cognitive functions.

Note: A and B were commonly believed to be the location of mental processes in ancient and medieval times, but are not considered valid by modern neuroscientists.

Question 19

Use the following to answer questions:
The nineteenth century saw an increase in scientific interest in the functions of the brain. Match the scientist(s) with the MOST appropriate phrase.
-Fritsch and Hitzig ___
A)conduction aphasia
B)recovery of function
C)electrical excitability of the cortex
D)left hemisphere localization for speech

Accepted Answer

Fritsch and Hitzig conducted experiments on dogs to explore the electrical excitability of the cortex and discovered motor representation was contralateral.

Answer: B
 Fritsch and Hitzig's experiments showed that the brain could recover function after injury.

Answer: D
 Paul Broca is known for discovering the left hemisphere localization for speech.

Question 20

Use the following to answer questions:
The history of neuropsychology has been influenced by a variety of hypotheses regarding the functional organization of the human brain. For each hypothesis, choose the individual MOST closely associated with that idea from the list below.
-hierarchical organization ___
A)Goltz
B)Ramón y Cajal
C)Hughlings-Jackson
D)Golgi

Accepted Answer

Hughlings-Jackson is most closely associated with the hypothesis of hierarchical organization of the human brain.

Answer: A
 Goltz is most closely associated with the hypothesis of equipotentiality of the brain.

Answer: B
 Ramón y Cajal is most closely associated with the hypothesis of neuron doctrine, which proposed that the nervous system is composed of discrete individual cells called neurons.

Answer: D
 Golgi is most closely associated with the hypothesis of reticular theory, which proposed that the nervous system is a continuous network of fibers without discrete individual neurons.

Quiz 1: Extension: B - The Development of Neuropsychology

Use the following to answer questions: Following Broca, several other investigators extended knowledge regarding the association of brain damage and language and movement disorders. For each individual, choose the MOST appropriate alternative from the list below. -Wernicke ___

Use the following to answer questions: The nineteenth century saw an increase in scientific interest in the functions of the brain. Match the scientist(s) with the MOST appropriate phrase. -Flourens ___

Use the following to answer questions: Following Broca, several other investigators extended knowledge regarding the association of brain damage and language and movement disorders. For each individual, choose the MOST appropriate alternative from the list below. -Hughlings - Jackson ___

Use the following to answer questions: Different theorists down the ages have placed mental processes in various parts of the body. Choose the appropriate body region for each theorist. -Aristotle ___

Use the following to answer questions: Following Broca, several other investigators extended knowledge regarding the association of brain damage and language and movement disorders. For each individual, choose the MOST appropriate alternative from the list below. -Liepmann ___

Use the following to answer questions: Match the individual(s) in each question with the MOST appropriate term from the list. -Sherrington ___

Use the following to answer questions: Match the individual(s) in each question with the MOST appropriate term from the list. -Hodgkin and Huxley ___

Use the following to answer questions: Match the individual(s) in each question with the MOST appropriate term from the list. -Loewi ___

Use the following to answer questions: Different theorists down the ages have placed mental processes in various parts of the body. Choose the appropriate body region for each theorist. -Descartes ___

Use the following to answer questions: The nineteenth century saw an increase in scientific interest in the functions of the brain. Match the scientist(s) with the MOST appropriate phrase. -Dax ___

Use the following to answer questions: Following Broca, several other investigators extended knowledge regarding the association of brain damage and language and movement disorders. For each individual, choose the MOST appropriate alternative from the list below. -Dejerine ___

Use the following to answer questions: The history of neuropsychology has been influenced by a variety of hypotheses regarding the functional organization of the human brain. For each hypothesis, choose the individual MOST closely associated with that idea from the list below. -antilocalization ___

Use the following to answer questions: For each discipline listed below, choose the MOST appropriate alternative from the list. -neurosurgery ___

Use the following to answer questions: The nineteenth century saw an increase in scientific interest in the functions of the brain. Match the scientist(s) with the MOST appropriate phrase. -Wernicke ___

Use the following to answer questions: Match the individual(s) in each question with the MOST appropriate term from the list. -Galvani ___

Use the following to answer questions: Different theorists down the ages have placed mental processes in various parts of the body. Choose the appropriate body region for each theorist. -modern neuroscientists ___

Use the following to answer questions: The nineteenth century saw an increase in scientific interest in the functions of the brain. Match the scientist(s) with the MOST appropriate phrase. -Fritsch and Hitzig ___